2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者脑自发神经活动的静息态功能磁共振研究

目的利用静息态功能磁共振成像技术的低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)法对2型糖尿病视网膜病变(Type 2 diabetic retinopathy,T2DR)患者静息状态下脑自发神经活动的改变进行分析。方法收集17例T2DR患者和17例T2NDR(Non-Type 2 diabetic retinopathy)患者以及21例性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的正常健康志愿者(normal control,NC),采用西门子Trio 3.0T磁共振采集全脑静息态功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,f MRI)及3D T1WI结构像。利用ALFF算法处理所得的脑功能磁共振数据,并对存在组间差异脑区的ALFF值与认知测试量表得分进行相关程度的分析。结果与正常组比较,T2NDR组的右侧直回、右侧额上回、右侧额中回脑区ALFF值减低,左侧顶下小叶、双侧顶上小叶脑区ALFF值增高,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与T2NDR组比较,T2DR组的双侧距状回、双侧舌回、左侧额上回、左侧额下回、左侧颞上回脑区的ALFF值减低,左侧小脑ALFF值增高,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与T2NDR组比较,T2DR组的双侧距状回、双侧枕中回、右侧枕上回、左侧额上回、左侧颞中回脑区ALFF值降低,左侧小脑区ALFF值增高,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示T2DR组左侧舌回ALFF值与MMSE得分呈明显负相关,左侧距状回ALFF值与MOCA得分呈明显负相关。结论静息态功能磁共振成像低频振幅(ALFF)法可以发现2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者异常脑自发神经活动区和功能损害区。     

基于低频振幅算法的甲状腺相关性眼病视神经病变自发脑活动研究

【摘要】目的：基于静息态功能磁共振低频振幅（ALFF）算法,对比观察甲状腺相关性眼病（TAO）伴或不伴视神经病变（DON）时静息状态下脑自发神经活动的改变。方法：纳入26例TAO不伴DON患者、18例TAO伴DON患者。对所有被试行全脑静息态功能磁共振及T1结构像数据采集。采用ALFF算法分析两组患者脑区活动差异。结果：与TAO不伴DON组比较,DON组右颞中回、右中央前回、右顶上小叶ALFF值增加,左额上回ALFF值降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05,AlphaSim校正）。结论：基于低频振幅的静息态磁共振分析可以反映TAO伴或不伴DON时自发脑部活动脑区异常表现。这些结果对于DON视功能损伤致病机制模型研究和提出新的治疗方法都有重要启发。     

腰椎间盘突出症基于低频振幅的脑静息态fMRI研究

目的探索静息态下腰椎间盘突出症所致疼痛在脑功能区的反映,及脑区自发神经活动强度与疼痛程度的相关性,探索腰椎间盘突出症疼痛的脑机制。方法采用3.0T磁共振扫描仪,对13名腰椎间盘突出症患者(lumbar disc herniation,LDH组)及对照组(health control group,HC组)13名健康人群进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,扫描后的图像采用基于MATLAB 2010平台的SPM 8及REST 1.8处理。1)计算低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuations,ALFF)并比较LDH组与HC组脑区变化的差异;2)将ALFF有显著性差异的所有脑区选为感兴趣区,以信号峰值坐标为中心提取感兴趣区内ALFF平均值,对感兴趣区ALFF平均值与LDH组患者视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)进行相关分析。结果 1)与HC组相比,LDH组患者右侧初级感觉/运动皮层(primary sensory/motor cortex,S1/M1)、右额下回、右颞上回、右颞下回/梭状回、左颞下回/梭状回、左海马旁回ALFF值显著增高,P0.05,K40,未校正;而PCC、左岛叶、双侧基底节、双侧前额叶中部、右缘上回/颞中回、左小脑后叶ALFF值明显减低,P0.05,K40,未校正;2)VAS评分与右侧S1/M1、PCC、左侧岛叶、左侧基底节、右侧基底节、右侧颞下回/梭状回ALFF平均值呈正相关,相关系数R分别为0.612、0.621、0.662、0.468、0.677、0.580,P0.05。结论 LDH所致疼痛引起广泛的脑功能区ALFF的异常,涉及疼痛感觉、运动、情绪及记忆、认知等多个维度。右侧S1/M1、PCC、左侧岛叶、双侧基底节、右侧颞下回/梭状回ALFF平均值与疼痛程度存在正相关性,提示可能通过上述脑区自发神经活动的强度客观反映患者疼痛程度。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者频率依赖的低频振幅的静息态功能磁共振研究

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者静息态不同频段下低频振幅(ALFF)脑自发活动的特点.方法 40例OSAS患者及40名正常睡眠志愿者(GS)进行静息态下脑功能磁共振(fMRI)数据采集.计算两个频段slow-4 (0.027 ～0.073 Hz)和slow-5 (0.01 ～0.027 Hz) ALFF信号值.采用SPM8软件进行两因素水平方差分析比较组间及频段间主效应ALFF值的差异.采用两样本t检验分别比较组间两个频段ALFF值的差异,同时分析ALFF值差异脑区与临床量表的相关性.结果 与GS组相比,OSAS组双侧楔前叶、后扣带回、左侧颞中回、右侧角回及顶下小叶ALFF值显著减低(P＜0.05);而双侧颞下回、梭状回、左侧眶部额下回、颞上极及双侧辅助运动区ALFF值显著增高(P＜0.05).与slow-5频段相比,slow-4频段左侧颞上极ALFF值显著增高;而左侧眶部额下回,双侧额中回,直回ALFF值显著减低.OSAS患者组slow-4频段比slow-5频段显示更广泛ALFF差异脑区包括右侧角回、顶下小叶,双侧颞中回及额中回,左侧眶部额下回.结论 OSAS患者存在多个脑区神经元内在自发活动异常,部分脑区脑自发活动存在频率依赖性,slow-4频段对检测OSAS患者的脑自发活动更敏感.     

帕金森病静息态脑功能成像研究

目的研究静息态脑功能成像在帕金森病(parkinson's disease,PD)中的应用。方法帕金森病患者29例和健康对照组33例行磁共振检查,扫描序列包括常规MRI平扫及静息态fMRI成像,通过比较两组之间局部一致性和低频振幅的差异,寻找PD患者发生功能异常的脑区,探讨PD尤其是非运动症状的发生机制。结果 PD组ReHo减低的区域主要位于双侧额叶(包括前额叶、额上回、额中回)、胼胝体和扣带回、左中央前回、右侧角回、右侧颞极、丘脑和左侧脑干;PD组ReHo增高的区域主要位于双侧顶叶(包括中央前回和中央后回)左顶下小叶和右楔叶。PD组ALFF减低的区域主要位于左侧额叶、右侧颞叶、右侧中脑及大脑脚、右侧脑桥、右侧小脑、右侧丘脑、胼胝体、双侧顶上小叶;PD组ALFF增高的区域主要位于左侧中央前回和中央后回、左侧岛叶、左侧壳核和左侧丘脑。结论静息态fMRI的局部一致性(ReHo)和低频振幅(ALFF)的方法能够显示PD功能异常的脑区,有助于研究PD的发生机制。     

原发性三叉神经痛患者基于ALFF的静息态功能MRI成像研究

目的 采用基于低频振荡振幅(ALFF)的功能磁共振成像技术观察原发性三叉神经痛(PTN)静息状态下的脑活动特点.方法 采用3.0T MRI对29例PTN患者和26名年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者进行静息态功能磁共振数据采集.利用DPARSF软件对图像预处理并计算两组受试者全脑ALFF值,采用SPM 8软件对数据行两样本t检验,最终获得PTN患者ALFF值有统计学意义的脑区;并将PTN患者振幅增高脑区的ALFF值与病程做相关分析.结果 与正常对照组相比(校正后,P＜0.05水平),PTN患者在静息状态下双侧丘脑、中央后回、岛叶、杏仁核及小脑等脑区ALFF值均增高;双侧前扣带回、后扣带回、角回、楔前叶等脑默认模式网络脑区ALFF值减低;未发现PTN患者ALFF值增高脑区的ALFF值与病程有相关性.结论 PTN患者双侧丘脑、中央后回、岛叶、杏仁核及小脑等脑区ALFF值增高,提示这些脑区可能与三叉神经痛的发生发展有关;PTN患者ALFF值增高脑区的ALFF值均与病程无显著相关性.     

静息态fMRI在帕金森病基线脑活动变化中的初步研究

目的 探讨静息态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)低频振幅(ALFF)方法评价帕金森病(Parkiuson's disease,PD)基线脑活动变化.资料与方法 利用1.5 T MRI系统对PD患者和年龄匹配正常对照组各16例分别进行静息态fMRI.静息态fMRI原始数据采用统计参数图软件(SPM5)预处理和静息态磁共振数据分析工具包(REST)进行ALFF分析,采用SPM5进行t检验统计分析,并用XjView软件确定有统计学意义的脑区解剖位置及MRIcroN软件结果呈现.结果 在静息状态下,相对正常对照组,PD患者以下脑区ALFF增高有统计学意义,这些脑区包括左侧中央后回(BA 5)、左侧顶上小叶(BA 7)、左侧顶下小叶、左侧楔前叶和左侧额上回;右侧枕叶舌回(BA 18);双侧小脑后叶.结论 PD患者静息态下左侧脑默认网络及感觉运动皮质等区域ALFF较对照组明显增高,可能代表了与病情程度及治疗有关的特定病理改变.     

静息态fMRI在无痴呆型血管性认知障碍基线脑活动变化中的初步研究

目的 利用基于低频振幅算法(ALFF)的静息功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术探讨无痴呆型血管性认知障碍(VCIND)与正常老年人静息状态下默认网络的改变情况.方法 将22例VCIND患者作为研究对象,23名正常老年人作为对照组,采用ALFF分析方法,比较两组平均脑ALFF图的差异.结果 VCIND患者在静息状态下较对照组在以下脑区ALFF值增高:左额下回/左颞上回(Maximum Z=-4.0682)、右额下回/右颞上回(Maximum Z=-3.9720)、左侧岛叶(Maximum Z=-3.5773);VCIND组患者在以下脑区出现ALFF值减低:舌回/小脑后叶(Maximum Z =3.8921)、前扣带皮层(Maximum Z=3.8081)、右楔叶/右舌回(Maximum Z=4.8272)、后扣带回/楔前叶(Maximum Z=3.9741)(P＜0.05).结论 VCIND患者在静息状态下ALFF有显著改变,主要表现为语言中枢等认知区域的局部ALFF增强及默认网络等功能连接点的ALFF减低.     

多静息态fMRI指标及同步EEG-fMRI对Rolandic癫痫活动检测能力的对比研究

目的:对比观察多个静息态fMRI指标相比同步脑电图-功能磁共振成像(EEG-fMRI)对Rolandic癫痫个体癫痫活动的检测能力。方法:回顾性分析31例Rolandic癫痫患儿同步EEG-fMRI数据以及性别年龄匹配的40例正常儿童静息态fMRI数据;计算患儿与对照组的低频振荡幅度(ALFF)及功能连接密度(FCD)静息态指标。采用广义线性模型(GLM)获得间期痫样放电(IEDs)相关fMRI激活。采用两样本t检验比较患者组与对照组的ALFF和FCD脑活动差异(高斯随机场校正,体素水平P<0.01,簇水平P<0.05),选取EEG-fMRI定义的癫痫活动灶区为感兴趣区,使用Spearman相关性分析计算感兴趣区内ALFF和FCD与EEG-fMRI的相关性,观察静息态fMRI指标与癫痫放电次数的相关性。结果:EEG-fMRI的主要激活位于双侧Rolandic区、楔叶、左侧感觉运动区;ALFF显著激活的区域主要位于双侧Rolandic区、感觉运动区;降低的区域主要为默认模式网络。FCD激活的脑区主要位于左侧尾状核,降低的脑区则主要为双侧丘脑。组水平上Spearman相关分析结...     

不同频段下血管性认知功能障碍患者低频振幅的静息态脑功能改变

目的 研究不同频段对于血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)患者静息态脑功能低频振幅(ALFF)的影响.方法 运用静息态功能磁共振技术评价20例皮层下VCI患者和20例年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的有皮层下血管性病变但是认知评分达不到非痴呆型VCI (VCIND)的对照组在5个频段下的静息态ALFF的改变.采用Pearson相关分析评价slow-4,slow-5下脑区局部ALFF的值与临床评分之间的关系.结果 VCI患者与对照组比较存在颅内广泛的ALFF改变.右侧小脑后叶、左侧海马、左侧岛叶、右侧顶下小叶及左侧颞上回具有明显的主效应.额叶及颞叶具有显著的频率组间效应.在slow-5频段下,左侧岛叶的ALFF值与Z记忆评分呈正相关,左侧海马及左侧额眶回的ALFF值与Z视觉空间评分呈负相关;右侧顶下小叶的ALFF值与Z执行评分呈负相关.结论 VCI患者表现出颅内广泛的自发神经活动改变.ALFF值受不同频段的影响,静息脑功能ALFF的研究对于VCI的意义需要进一步深入研究.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.