乙酸铜抗肿瘤作用的流式细胞光度计分析研究

国内外研究已证明乙酸铜具有抗癌活性。然而，其作用机理尚未阐述清楚。用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，移植腹水型肝癌（ＨｅｐＡ），经口给乙酸铜水溶液（２９ｍｇ／ｋｇ），２０ｄ后取腹水癌细胞，经流式细胞光度计分析发现，给铜组癌细胞平均ＤＮＡ含量为９４．８±２．１，明显低于对照组（９７．９±２．６，Ｐ＜０．０５）；给铜组Ｇ１期癌细胞明显增多（２３．８±６．５），对照组１６．６±２．６（Ｐ＜０．０５）；给铜组癌细胞增殖指数（ＰＩ）明显降低（７５．６±６．２），对照组８３．４±２．６（Ｐ＜０．０５）；给铜组ＤＮＡ组方图中近二倍体峰比对照组明显增高，而多倍体峰明显降低或变小。认为，乙酸铜可以抑制癌细胞的ＤＮＡ合成，进而导致分裂增殖受阻。同时注意到铜有诱导癌细胞分化的迹象，有待深入研究。     

辐射增敏剂AK2123和辐射防护剂WR2721对受照人肝癌细胞DNA双链断裂与修复的影响

目的：探讨辐射增敏剂ＡＫ２１２３和辐射防护剂ＷＲ２７２１对肝癌细胞ＤＮＡ损伤与修复的影响．方法：用脉冲交变电泳法（ＰＦＧＥ）和￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法，测定上述两药物对受照人肝癌细胞ＤＮＡ双链断裂（ｄｓｂ）与修复及ＤＮＡ合成的影响．结果：在０～８０Ｇｙ剂量范围内，随着照射剂量增加，肝癌细胞ＤＮＡ残留率逐渐降低（１００％～５７．０％），ＤＮＡｄｓｂ量亦逐渐增多，照前给ＡＫ２１２３或ＷＲ２７２１，均能显著地降低ＤＮＡ残留率，使ＤＮＡｄｓｂ量增多，加重ＤＮＡ损伤（Ｐ＜０．０５）；２０Ｇｙ受照细胞保温０～１２０ｍｉｎ，在６０ｍｉｎ时ＤＮＡｄｓｂ开始被修复（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＡＫ２１２３组为１２０ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＷＲ２７２１在３０ｍｉｎ后有修复的趋势；ＡＫ２１２３在６２．５～５００μｇ／ｍｌ内其参入率显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），呈促进ＤＮＡ合成作用，ＷＲ２７２１则随药物浓度增加其参入率降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），抑制ＤＮＡ合成．结论：ＡＫ２１２３和ＷＲ２７２１显著加重受照肝癌细胞的辐射损伤，促进ＤＮＡｄｓｂ量增加，抑制其修复过程．     

牛磺酸对小鼠脾细胞DNA修复能力的影响

①目的观察牛磺酸对小鼠脾细胞ＤＮＡ修复能力的影响，以探讨牛磺酸抗衰老的机制。②方法以不同鼠龄小白鼠脾细胞悬液进行培养，实验组培养液中加入牛磺酸（３０μｇ／ｍｌ），以１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ羟基脲抑制ＤＮＡ复制，经紫外线照射后，以３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入法测定ＤＮＡ损伤后修复能力。③结果鼠龄１１０ｄ，１５０ｄ和１８０ｄ３组小鼠中，ＤＮＡ修复能力均随鼠龄增加而降低，但在不同鼠龄阶段，牛磺酸组ＤＮＡ修复能力均高于对照组，牛磺酸组的闪烁值分别为８．０±０．６Ｈｚ，５．３±０．５Ｈｚ和４．１±０．４Ｈｚ，而对照组则分别为６．３±０．７Ｈｚ，４．７±０．５Ｈｚ和３．２±０．２Ｈｚ（ｔ＝７．５０，２．８７，３３．８０，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。④结论牛磺酸具有增强小鼠脾细胞ＤＮＡ的修复能力和延缓衰老的作用。     

山茱萸对延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活的作用

目的：观察山茱萸水煎剂对大鼠异位移植心脏排异的抑制作用。方法：异位移植心脏的大鼠分成４组：Ⅰ组为对照，喂生理盐水；Ⅱ组喂山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅲ组喂环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅳ组喂ＣｓＡ５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）和山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）。结果：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝１３）移植心脏存活１３７±３７ｄ；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１０）存活２８５±６２ｄ，另有２只移植心脏存活＞１ａ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝７）存活４０１±６９ｄ，另有１只存活５个月；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝７）存活４９７±８０ｄ，另有１只存活５个月，１只存活＞８个月。Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组间、Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组间均有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）；Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组间有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：山茱萸水煎剂能抑制排斥，显著延长大鼠异位移植心脏存活；山茱萸与ＣｓＡ联合应用比单用ＣｓＡ或山茱萸效果更好，二者有相加作用     

基因工程干扰素γ对小鼠Lewis肺癌转移及脾细胞增殖的影响

Ｃ（５７）ＢＬ／６Ｎ小鼠尾静脉注射Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌细胞１×１０５后，腹腔注射基因工程干扰素γ（ｒＩＦＮ－γ）１万、５万、２０万ｕ·ｋｇ（－１），连续１０ｄ；小鼠肺湿得减少０．６％、１５．３％、２０．１％；肺转移结节数减少６．６％、３６．７％、５５．０％；ＣｏｎＡ诱导的脾细胞ＤＮＡ掺入量增加３．０％、２５．７％、５２．５％。小鼠环磷酰胺５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１）ｉｐ３ｄ后，尾静脉注射瘤细胞，实验处理同上，小鼠肺湿重减少５．３％、１８．１％、２７．６％；肺转移结节数减少１６．３％、４５．６％、６９．６％；脾细胞ＤＮＡ掺入量增加１７．１％、７２．４％、９０．９％。本文结果表明，ｒＩＦＮ－γ可抑制小鼠Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌肺转移，促进ＣｏｎＡ刺激的脾细胞增殖，并与剂量呈正相关。对环磷酰胺处理后免疫功能受抑小鼠的作用更为明显。     

干细胞因子与白介素-3联合对小鼠骨髓细胞体外扩增作用及其造血重建的影响

采用集落培养的方法研究了干细胞因子（ Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ） 联合白介素 ３（ Ｉ Ｌ ３） 对小鼠５ 氟尿嘧啶（５ Ｆ Ｕ ） 处理３ ｄ 的骨髓细胞（ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ） 的体外扩增作用及其对致死量照射小鼠造血重建功能的影响。 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 单独应用使体系中粒 巨噬细胞集落形成单位（ Ｇ Ｍ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ） 和高增殖潜能集落形成单位（ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ） 分别增加了（２４ ．２ ±６ ．１） 和（１ ．５ ±０ ．３） 倍（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 与 Ｉ Ｌ ３ 联合应用时 Ｇ Ｍ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ 和 Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ 分别是新鲜ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 的（３０ ．５ ±９ ．５） 和（１３ ．６ ±４ ．５）倍（ 与单用 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 组比较 Ｐ 分别大于和小于０ ．０５） 。小鼠骨髓移植实验结果表明： Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ、 Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ＋ Ｉ Ｌ ３ 体外扩增的ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 移植给经致死量照射的受体小鼠后,外周血细胞计数恢复时间比输新鲜ｄ３ ５ Ｆ Ｕ Ｂ Ｍ Ｃ 组缩短１ ～５ ｄ , Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ＋ Ｉ Ｌ ３组不仅血细胞计数恢复最快,并使移植所需的骨髓细胞数减少９０ ％ 以上。结果提示： Ｓ Ｃ Ｆ 单用对骨髓细胞有扩增作用,并且与 Ｉ Ｌ ３ 有协同作用;体外扩增的骨髓?     

药物介入对β辐射早期皮肤损伤影响的动物实验研究

在４只家兔同时进行每只８组药物点和２组对照点的２２．５Ｇｙ／ｃｍ２一次性９０Ｓｒβ照射后，分别于２４ｈ、７２ｈ，、１２０ｈ和１９２ｈ、取全层皮标本，单盲法病理切片观察受照射皮肤，用打分法评价介入药物对皮肤辐射损伤的影响．初步结果：早期效应以无菌性炎症反应为主，深度达表皮和真皮浅层。介入Ⅳ（２０１．２５分）、Ⅷ（１６７．５分）、Ⅴ（１６５分）、Ⅰ（１５０分），损伤分值高，其中Ⅳ与对照组（１５７．５、１４１．２５分）有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０·０５），即有辐射增敏作用，可用于敷贴中心．其它几组与对照组无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．而介入Ⅲ损伤分值最低（１０７．５分）与对照组４有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），有增强皮肤抗辐射早期损伤的作用。     

“Radiation Hormesis”中的剂量率效应

为了揭示不同剂量率Ｘ射线低剂量全身照射对低剂量辐射兴奋效应（ＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＨｏｒｍｅｓｉｓ）的影响，采用不同剂量率（１２．７ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ和０．２Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ）对Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠进行低剂量全身照射，研究了低剂量辐射兴奋效应中的剂量率效应。结果表明：采用不同剂量率Ｘ射线照射同一剂量时，所引起的生物效应不同。剂量率为１２．７ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ时，脾细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入量对ＣｏｎＡ的反应性明显增强，尤其以７６．７ｍＧｙ和１０５．５ｍＧｙ照射组最为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），表现出明显的辐射免疫兴奋效应。而剂量率为０．２Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ时，在１０５．５ｍＧｙ以内，脾细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入量对ＣｏｎＡ的反应性无明显变化。该结果提示：高剂量率低剂量全身照射不能引起低剂量辐射兴奋效应。     

角化脱屑型手足癣的诊断和治疗

目的：寻找更好的方法诊断和治疗角化脱屑型手足癣。方法：对１７４例临床拟诊为角化脱屑型手足癣的患者采用改良ＫＯＮＣＰＡ法进行真菌学检查，并与ＫＯＨ法、真菌培养法进行对照。受试患者随机予以伊曲康唑０．２ｇ，２／ｄ，用７ｄ（Ⅰ组）；０．２ｇ，２／ｄ，用１４ｄ（Ⅱ组）；特比萘芬０．２５ｇ，１／ｄ，用１４ｄ（Ⅲ组）；质量分数为０．０１的萘替芬霜外用３０ｄ（Ⅳ组）及０．０１（质量分数）特比萘芬霜外用３０ｄ（Ⅴ组）进行治疗。结果：ＫＯＨ法检查真菌阳性率为６２．４％，真菌培养法为８６．７８％，改良ＫＯＮＣＰＡ法为１００％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ⅰ组治愈８例（８／３０），有效１３例（１３／３０）；Ⅱ组治愈３１例（３１／５１），有效４２例（４２／５１）；Ⅲ组治愈２２例（２２／３３），有效３２例（３２／３３）；Ⅳ组治愈２２例（２２／３６），有效３５例（３５／３６）；Ⅴ组治愈１７例（１７／２４），有效２４例（２４／２４）。结论：（１）改良ＫＯＮＣＰＡ法明显优于ＫＯＨ法与真菌培养法；（２）萘替芬霜或特比萘芬霜可作为首选药；（３）伊曲康唑０．２ｇ，２／ｄ，１４ｄ疗法明显优于７ｄ疗法；（４）特比萘芬治疗角化脱屑型手足癣临床疗效优于伊曲康唑     

86例小儿气管异物取出术麻醉体会

行小儿气管异物取出术８６例，根据不同麻醉用药分为４组：Ⅰ（ｎ＝２９）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，γ－ＯＨ８１．５～１０８．６ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅱ（ｎ＝２４）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，安定０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、γ－ＯＨ３７．５～６５．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅲ（ｎ＝２３）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，安定０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅳ（ｎ＝１０）单用氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注。各组优例数率与并发症发生率分别为：Ⅰ８２．８％和６．９％，Ⅱ６６．７％和１２．５％，Ⅲ４３．５％和２１．７％，Ⅳ０和４０％。说明氯胺酮合用γ－ＯＨ较大剂量的Ⅰ组麻醉效果最好，并发症发生率最低；单用氯胺酮的Ⅳ组麻醉效果最差，并发症发生率最高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.