强化戊二醛喷雾剂体外抗菌活性及对乙型肝炎表面抗原的灭活作用试验

 目的：考察强化戊二醛喷雾剂体外抗菌活性及对乙型肝炎表面抗原的灭活作用。方法：采用稀释法及反向间接血凝试验法对金葡球菌等7类48株标准或临床分离的菌株进行体外抗菌活性试验和乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)灭活试验。结果：MIC和MBC几种菌之间呈线性关系,浓度为1.5 g/L的药物,30 min内即可杀死大部分细菌;强化戊二醛喷雾剂作用10 min,可完全破坏HBsAg,其浓度为7.5 g/L。结论：强化戊二醛喷雾剂抗菌活性强大、广谱,特别是对HBsAg的破坏作用,使其具有其它杀菌消毒剂不可比拟的优势。     

复方华蟾素口服液抗乙型肝炎病毒体外实验研究

本研究以乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸（ＨＢＶＤＮＡ）转染细胞系（２．２．１５细胞株）为模型，对复方华蟾素口服液体外抗乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）活性进行了研究。结果显示：该药对乙型肝炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）和乙型肝炎ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）半数抑制剂量（ＩＤ５０）分别为０．０８ｍｇ／ｍｌ和０．０７ｍｇ／ｍｌ，半数中毒剂量（ＣＤ５０）为２．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ，治疗指数（ＴＩ）分别为ＨＢｓＡｇ３１．３、ＨＢｅＡｇ３５．７     

668珠子草抗乙肝病毒研究的新进展

珠子草对实验性病毒性肝炎疗效甚佳，初步的览临床试验表明，珠子草可有效地清除乙肝病毒携带者体内的乙型炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）。但也有临床试验认为珠子草无体内清除ＨＢｓＡｇ的作用。珠子草及同属植物叶下珠对乙型肝炎ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）阴转效果明显，对ＨＢｓＡｇ也有一定的阴转作用。珠子草价格低廉、无毒副作用，有应用抗议推广价值。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞蛋白激酶A活性的影响

为观察灵芝多糖（ＧＬＢ７）体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）蛋白激酶Ａ（ＰＫＡ）活性的影响,采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定ＭΦ中ＲＫＡ活力。结果表明ＧＬＢ７（４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）能引起小鼠腹腔ＭΦ中ＰＫＡ活性明显升高,１０ｍｉｎ达峰值,３０ｍｉｎ恢复到基础水平。提示灵芝多糖的免疫增强作用与其增强ＭΦ中ＰＫＡ活性有关。     

螺旋藻营养片抗衰老抗疲劳的实验研究

观察了螺旋藻营养片（ＳＮＴ）抗衰老抗疲劳的作用。结果表明，老龄小鼠ｉｇＳＮＴ５ｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｇ／ｋｇ，能降低小鼠心、肝、脑ＭＤＡ含量，增加小鼠红细胞及脑ＳＯＤ活性，使小鼠全血、肝脏ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性及ＧＳＨ含量升高，并能明显抑制小鼠脑ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性。小龄小鼠ｉｇＳＮＴ５ｇ／ｋｇ，１０ｇ／ｋｇ，能明显提高小鼠血清ＬＤＨ活性及加速运动后血乳酸的消除。     

珠子草抗乙肝病毒的实验和临床研究

为研究珠子草对乙肝病毒标志物的作用，本文用湛江、深圳、海南产的珠子草进行对ＨＢｓＡｇ抑制作用的体外和临床试验。珠子草制成浸液，在３７℃下与等量ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性人血清混合作用不同时间（３、２４、３８小时）后，用ＲＩＡ检测ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度的变化，作用４８小时ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度下降２５％左右，提示珠子草在体外试验对ＨＢｓＡｇ具有一定的抑制能力。２０例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性患者口服珠子草全草干粉５００ｍｇ／次，每日服３次     

补肾法在治疗HBsAg携带者中的运用

补肾法在治疗ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者中的运用抚松县中医院（１３４５００）高树堂，王清涛长春市卫生防疫站（１３０６６１）刘江，金玉姬［关键词］ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者，补肾法，临床治疗ＨＢ兄Ａｓ携带者又谈无症状”乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者“红）或没住表面抗原携带者．＊巳Ｓ...     

双苄基异喹啉化合物Ys-96对阿霉素或长春新碱耐药株人癌细胞的逆转抗药性作用

目的：研究双苄基异喹啉化合物Ｙｓ９６对阿霉素或长春新碱耐药株人癌细胞抗药性的逆转作用。方法：在体外培养的药物敏感株ＭＣＦ７及其阿霉素耐药株ＭＣＦ７／Ａｄ以及药物敏感株ＫＢ及其长春新碱耐药株ＫＢＶ２００的体外试验系统中，采用ＭＴＴ法研究耐药株人癌细胞在Ｙｓ９６作用下对阿霉素或长春新碱敏感性（ＩＣ５０）的变化。结果：耐药株ＭＣＦ７／Ａｄ和ＫＢＶ２００在Ｙｓ９６（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的作用下，阿霉素和长春新碱对其ＩＣ５０值分别接近于二药单独用药时对敏感株ＭＣＦ７和ＫＢ的ＩＣ５０。结论：Ｙｓ９６基本上能完全逆转ＭＣＦ７／Ａｄ或ＫＢＶ２００对阿霉素或长春新碱的抗药性。     

活血祛风法治疗慢性活动性乙型肝炎临床观察

用活血祛风法治疗反复发作的慢性活动性乙型肝炎７０例，总有效为９５．７％，对照组６５例健脾清热利湿法治疗，总有效率为７８。５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）．治疗组抗ＬＳＰ，ＬＭＡ，抗核抗体，类风湿因子阴转率，ＨＢｅＡｇ，抗ＨＢｃＩｇＭ，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阴转率，抗ＨＢｅ阳转率均优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

益肝片抑制HBsAg及调节免疫功能的实验研究

小鼠口服益肝片４．５ｇ／ｋｇ，脾脏相对重量增加２５．８％，抗体形成细胞（ＩｇＭ－ＰＦＣ）明显增加；口服３．３ｇ／ｋｇ，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分数和吞噬指数分别提高９８．４２％和１００％；提高血清溶菌酶含量８１．０７％；体外实验，益肝片０．２５￣１ｋｇ／Ｌ有明显抑制ＨＢｓＡｇ的作用。     

金莲花蛋白超声提取工艺优化及其抑菌活性的初步测定

[目的]优化金莲花(Flos Trollii Chinensis)蛋白超声提取工艺,并测定蛋白提取液的抑菌活性。[方法]用L9(34)正交设计优化超声提取金莲花蛋白工艺,用纸片扩散法检测金莲花蛋白抑菌活性。[结果]金莲花蛋白超声提取的最佳工艺为:原料粒度60目,料液比1∶30,提取时间30min。金莲花蛋白提取液(1.25g/L)具有抑制变形杆菌( )、伤寒杆菌( )、产气杆菌( )和大肠杆菌( )的作用。[结论]利用超声提取方法能够获得高产率的金莲花蛋白,并能保持其生物活性。     

Evaluation of extracts of the root of Landolphia owerrience for antibacterial activity.

Ethanolic and aqueous (cold and hot) extracts of Landolphia owerrience root parts (whole-root, root-bark and root-wood) were tested for activity against ten bacterial strains using agar-well diffusion and macro-broth dilution methods, respectively. The ethanolic extracts of the whole-root and root-wood were active against 100 and 80% of the test organisms, respectively. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the root-bark were moderately active while the aqueous (cold and hot) extracts of the root-wood exhibited little or no activity. Out of the nine extracts prepared, 66.7% were active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, 55.6% variously against each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and local clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, 44.4% against Proteus sp., 33.3% against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 and 22.2% against E. coli ATCC 11775. The agar-well-determined MIC values for the ethanolic whole-root extract (0.78-50 mg/ml) were higher (indicating lower activity) than the corresponding macro-broth-determined values (0.39-50 mg/ml) probably because of slow diffusion rates of the active constituents of the extract in agar. On the other hand, the differences could be due to the effects of DMSO used to dissolve the ethanolic extracts in the agar-well diffusion tests. Similar discrepancies in the MIC values detectable with the two test methods were apparent in the root-wood extract and the control drug, Gentamycin, except that in the latter the agar-well-determined MIC values (0.125-8.0 microg/ml) were lower than the macro-broth-determined values (0.125-64 microg/ml). The strong activity of the ethanolic extracts against known etiologic agents of diseases traditionally treated with L. owerrience root of similar preparations provides scientific justification for the use of the herb in ethnomedical practice in Nigeria.     

Biological activities of some natural compounds from Sideritis sipylea Boiss

In this work, several diterpenes including siderol, linearol and epicandicandiol were isolated from Sideritis sipylea Boiss collected from Izmir-Karaburun-Akdag, Turkey. In addition, diacetate derivatives of linearol and epicandicandiol were obtained. The antimicrobial activites of all these compounds against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11230), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and the fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) were studied. Antimicrobal activity was measured by the well-diffusion method. Except for C. albicans all microorganisms were tested against antibiotic discs in comparison with the studied compounds.     

Antibacterial evaluation of Drymaria cordata Willd (Fam. Caryophyllaceae) extract

Different extracts of Drymaria cordata Willd (aerial parts) were tested for antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus pumilis ATCC 14884 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25619. The effects produced by the extracts were found to have significant activities against all the organisms being tested and the effects so produced were compared with those of chloramphenicol. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大黄醇提液对2.2.15细胞分泌HBsAg、HBeAg的抑制作用

目的:研究大黄醇提液的抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)作用.方法:分别以大黄醇提液及大黄蒽醌类衍生物作用于体外培养的2.2.15细胞,观察其对2.2.15细胞HBsAg与HBeAg分泌的影响,评价其抗HBV作用.结果:药物作用于2.2.15细胞11d,大黄醇提液对2.2.15细胞的半数毒性浓度为36.69g/L,大黄蒽醌类衍生物(大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄)对2.2.15细胞的半数毒性浓度分别为1.57g/L、57.30g/L、3.06g/L、＞63g/L.大黄醇提液对HBsAg、HBeAg的半数抑制浓度分别为3.29g/L、2.34g/L,治疗指数分别为12.06、16.96;大黄蒽醌类衍生物(大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄)对HBsAg(HBeAg)的半数抑制浓度分别为1.26(1.74)、3.94(61.16)、0.57(3.54)、1.12(＞63),治疗指数分别为1.24(0.90)、14.54(0.94)、5.37(0.86)、＞52.07(1).结论:大黄醇提液在体外细胞培养中对两抗原的分泌有较好的抑制作用,其作用优于大黄蒽醌类衍生物.     

Microbial transformations of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid

Microbial transformation studies of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid (1) were conducted. Screening experiments showed a number of microorganisms capable of biotransforming 1. Three of these cultures, Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581, Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9244, and Mucor mucedo UI-4605, were selected for preparative scale transformation. Bioconversion of 1 with resting-cell suspensions of phenobarbital-induced B. megaterium ATCC 14581 resulted in the production of the known betulonic acid (2) and two new metabolites: 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3) and 3beta,6alpha, 7beta-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (4). Biotransformation of 1 with growing cultures of C. elegans ATCC 9244 produced one new metabolite characterized as 1beta,3beta, 7beta-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (5). Incubation of 1 with growing cultures of M. mucedo UI-4605 afforded metabolite 3. Structure elucidation of all metabolites was based on NMR and HRMS analyses. In addition, the antimelanoma activity of metabolites 2-5 was evaluated against two human melanoma cell lines, Mel-1 (lymph node) and Mel-2 (pleural fluid).     

Anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album (L) and Caesalpinia crista (L) against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep

AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was carried out to determine the anthelmintic activity of Caesalpinia crista (L.) (Fabaceae) seed kernel and Chenopodium album (L.) (Chenopodiaceae) whole plant in order to justify their traditional use in veterinary medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of both the plants was determined using mature Haemonchus contortus and their eggs in adult motility assay and egg hatch test, respectively. In vivo anthelmintic activity was evaluated in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes by administering crude powder (CP) and AME in increasing doses (1.0-3.0 g/kg). RESULTS: Both plants exhibited dose- and time-dependent anthelmintic effects by causing mortality of worms and inhibition of egg hatching. Caesalpinia crista (LC50=0.134 mg/mL) was found to be more potent than Chenopodium album (LC50=0.449 mg/mL) in egg hatch test. In vivo, maximum reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded as 93.9 and 82.2% with Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album AME at 3.0 g/kg on day 13 and 5 post-treatment, respectively. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard anthelmintic agent, showed 95.1-95.6% reduction in EPG. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that both Caesalpinia crista and Chenopodium album possess anthelmintic activity in vitro and in vivo, thus, justifying their use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan.     

Antibacterial Effects of Ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort.: Surface Morphology Analysis with Environmental Scanning Electron Microcopy and Synergy with Antibiotics

The present study served to gain further insight into the bactericidal effects of ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. against pathogenic bacteria. Ellagitannins from the aerial parts of A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strain with inhibition zones equal to 11.01 ± 1.53 mm, 16.63 ± 0.11 mm, 11.40 ± 1.10 mm and 8.22 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration of ellagitannins from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) against MRSA were 750 µg/mL and 3000 µg/mL, respectively. We then examined the synergistic effect of EAW with three antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline, via the checkerboard assay and time‐kill assay and observed that EAW is synergistic with ampicillin against S. aureus (ATCC 11632). Environmental electron scanning microscopy analysis showed cell lysis against S. aureus (ATCC 11632) upon treatment with the ellagitannin fraction. The ellagitannin fraction from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. is bactericidal against gram‐positive bacteria tested and works synergistically with ampicillin against S. aureus. Morphology analysis of the cell suggests that the bactericidal property of the ellagitannin fraction mechanism involves lysis of the cell wall. In summary, our studies demonstrate that A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. produces bactericidal ellagitannins of clinical and/or cosmetological value. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antibacterial activities of plants from Central Africa used traditionally by the Bakola pygmies for treating respiratory and tuberculosis-related symptoms

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The antibacterial activities of 18 plants from 10 different families were investigated for their antimicrobial efficacy, based on the traditional uses of these species by Bakola pygmies living in Central Africa, especially along the Ngoyang area in Cameroon for the treatment of respiratory and tuberculosis-related symptoms. The aim of the study is to test the antimicrobial efficacy of these plants against some pathogens associated with respiratory disease and to determine if there is any validation for the traditional use against Mycobacterium species.

Materials and methods

Medium polar extracts were prepared in MeOH/DCM (1:1, v/v) from the plant parts of each species used traditionally and were assayed against pathogens associated with respiratory tract ailments [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) and Morexella cattarhalis (ATCC 14468)] using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Two additional faster growing Mycobacterium strains [Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 23246) and Mycobacterium aurum (NCTC 10437)] were included in the assay as predictive test organisms for the more pathogenic strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Results

Some plant species, such as Alchornea floribunda, Musanga cecropioides (both leaves and stem bark), Tetracera potatoria and Xylopia aethiopica (stem bark), were effective in inhibiting Morexella cattarhalis, having MIC values between 65 and 250 μg/mL. Some noteworthy antimycobacterial inhibition (MIC≤200 μg/mL and as low as MIC 6.5 µg/mL) for 54% of the extracts were observed.

Conclusion

While moderate activity was shown for pathogens causing respiratory tract infections, these plant species seems to be selectively targeting Mycobacteria spp. suggesting that the traditional use for treating tuberculosis related symptoms may be indeed be accurate.