线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道参与超极化停搏的心肌保护作用

目的：探讨线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道（mitoKATP）开放在超极化停搏心肌保护中的作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为对照组（Control）、去极化停搏组（D）、超极化停搏组（H）、5-羟葵酸(5-HD) +去极化停搏组（5HD+D）、5-HD+超极化停搏组（5HD+H），每组8例。建立Langendorff灌注模型，平衡20 min，以不同方式停搏40 min，再灌注30 min，对比观察：(1)不同时间血流动力学变化；(2)再灌注末取心肌并分离、制备线粒体，电镜观察超微结构的变化。(3)平衡末、再灌注末线粒体活性氧的产生。结果: (1)各组再灌注末大鼠心脏功能明显低于平衡末, 心肌线粒体超微结构均遭受不同程度损伤，左室发展压（LVDP）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、率压双乘积（DP）、冠脉流量（CF）有显著差异（P<0.01）；（2）超极化停博组再灌注末心脏功能指标LVDP、LVEDP、DP、CF明显优于去极化停博组、5-HD+超极化停搏组、5-HD+去极化停搏组、对照组（P<0.01），电镜示：心肌、线粒体超微结构遭受的损伤较轻; (3)超极化停博组再灌注末心肌线粒体活性氧产生率低于对照组与其它3组（P<0.01）。结论:(1)超极化停搏能明显改善再灌注后心功能，保护心肌、线粒体超微结构，减少活性氧生成；(2)mitoKATP的早期开放参与超极化停搏，其作用可能通过保护再灌注后的线粒体呼吸功能，减轻线粒体的氧化损伤，为再灌注心肌提供较好的能量供应，从而使缺血再灌注后的心脏收缩功能得到一定恢复。     

Effect of activation sequence on MVO2 before and after coronary ligation

In pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs with fixed heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic arterial pressure, ectopic ventricular activation originating from apical as compared to basilar regions of either ventricle was associated with small (3--5%) but significantly (P less than 0.005) lower myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) and thus higher left ventricular (LV) efficiency without change in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), work index (LVWI), and LV dP/dt. Data obtained during epicardial and corresponding endocardial activation did not differ. During normal ventricular activation, MVO2 remained unchanged but LVEDP was significantly (P less than 0.005) lower, thus yielding higher LVWI and efficiency. MVO2 differences among ectopic sites were abolished after coronary artery occlusion, whereas data obtained during endocardial and epicardial on normal and ectopic activation were not affected. Thus, normal activation resulting in lower LVEDP is most efficient; apical ventricular activation is less efficient at the same MVO2P basilar is the least efficient, because both MVO2 and LVEDP are higher. Ventricular activation sequence changes do not constitute a substantial determinant of MVO2.     

三氧化二砷预处理在离体心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中保护作用的初探

目的研究三氧化二砷（As2O3）预处理在心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中的保护作用,并初步探讨其机制。方法分别采用低中高三个剂量As2O3预处理大鼠,利用离体大鼠心脏Langendorff灌流模型,观察心功能、心肌梗死面积,SOD,MDA等指标的变化。结果As2O3预处理各组的左室舒张末压（LVDEP）、左室发展压（LVDP）、最大左室收缩速率（＋dP／dtmax）和最大左室舒张速率（-dP／dtmax）等各项心功能指标均得到明显改善,SOD活性显著升高,MDA含量大幅度下降。结论As2O3,预处理可对抗心肌缺血一再灌注性损伤,其作用可能与抗氧化应激有关。     

粉防己碱通过JAK2-STAT3途径减轻心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的：探讨粉防己碱减轻心肌缺血/ 再灌注（I/R）损伤的可能机制。方法：将大鼠随机分为假手术组、I/R 组、 粉防己碱组、粉防己碱+AG490 组,大鼠心肌I/R 模型采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支法制备。采用氯化三苯四氮唑 （TTC）测量心肌梗死面积,全自动生化分析仪测定冠状动脉流出物液的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平,Powerlab/ 8SP 数据采集分析系统进行血液动力学监测,包括心率（HR）、左心室舒张压（LVDP）、左心室舒张末压（LVEDP） 和左心室内压最大上升速率（+dp/dtmax）。ELISA 试剂盒测定心肌三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量,荧光法检测线粒体 活性氧（ROS）的生成率,免疫印迹检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2 表达以及p-JAK2、p-STAT3 信号分子的表达。 结果：与I/R 组相比,粉防己碱组LVDP 和+dp/dtmax 显著增加,LVEDP、心肌梗死面积和LDH 释放显著降低; 与粉防己碱组相比,粉防己碱+AG490 组的LVDP 和+dp/dtmax 显著降低,LVEDP、心肌梗死面积和LDH 水平显 著增加。与 I/R 组相比,粉防己碱组心肌p-JAK2、p-STAT3 和Bcl-2 表达显著增加,而Bax 表达降低;与粉防己 碱组相比,粉防己碱+AG490 组的心肌p-JAK2、p-STAT3 和Bcl-2 表达显著降低,而Bax 表达升高。与 I/R 组相比, 粉防己碱组ATP 含量显著增加,线粒体ROS的产生率显著降低;与粉防己碱组相比,粉防己碱+AG490 组ATP 含 量显著降低,线粒体ROS的产生率显著升高。结论：粉防己碱可能通过JAK2-STAT3 通路的激活促进线粒体ROS 生成减少和线粒体ATP 含量增加,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血/ 再灌注损伤。     

Intravenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor improves cardiac performance and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis

This study investigated the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravenous administration on cardiac performance and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Left coronary artery ligation produced extensive myocardial infarction in 48 rats and sham operated in 24 animals. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the rats were randomized to receive VEGF165-heparin (treated group) or heparin-saline (control group) treatment. The sham-operated animals were also to receive VEGF165-heparin (sham group) treatment. VEGF165 (2 microg/ml) with heparin (50 U) or heparin-saline (50 U/ml) was administered daily via the tail vein for 7 and 14 days. Fifty-eight rats survived and included in the study. There were not significant effects of VEGF on hemodynamic parameters in sham animals. As compared with control animals at 9 days after ligation (with 10 rats for each group), rats treated with VEGF had significantly higher maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+ dP/dtmax) or fall ( - dP/dtmax) and microvessel counts, and significantly lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and infarct size. At 16 days after surgery (12, 7 and 9 rats in sham, control and treated groups; respectively), VEGF treatment significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), +/- dP/dtmax and microvessel counts, and significantly decreased LVEDP and infarct size. VEGF treatment significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of p53, Fas and Bax protein, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in myocardium at 9 days after myocardial infarction.     

二氮嗪后处理对离体大鼠心功能及线粒体心磷脂的影响

目的:建立离体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型,观察二氮嗪(diazoxide,D)后处理对缺血/再灌注损伤离体大鼠心功能及线粒体心磷脂的影响,并探讨ATP敏感性钾通道在二氮嗪后处理心肌保护中的作用。方法:采用Langendorff装置建立离体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型,将SD大鼠随机分为对照组(control)、缺血再灌注模型组(I/R)、二氮嗪后处理组(I/R+D)、5-羟葵酸拮抗二氮嗪后处理组(I/R+5-HD+D),每组8只,均先灌注平衡20 min。Control组:灌注平衡后续灌70 min;I/R组:缺血前灌注4℃ST.Thomas停跳液,全心缺血40 min,再灌30 min;I/R+D组:全心缺血40 min,缺血后给予含二氮嗪(50μmol/L)的K-H液灌注5 min后,再灌25 min;I/R+5-HD+D组:二氮嗪后处理前给予含5-羟葵酸(100μmol/L)的K-H液灌注5 min,再灌20 min。观察各组续(再)灌注末心率、冠脉流出液量、心功能、心肌酶学及心肌线粒体心磷脂的变化。结果:各组续(再)灌注末比较,I/R组较control组及I/R+D组心率减慢、冠脉流出液量降低,心功能明显受损,心肌酶增加,心磷酯含量减少,但与I/R+5-HD+D无明显差异。结论:二氮嗪后处理通过增加线粒体心磷脂含量,减少心肌酶的释放,改善心脏功能,减轻心肌的再灌注损伤,产生心肌保护作用。5-羟葵酸能够完全阻断二氮嗪的心肌保护作用。     

Is ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K+ATP) recruitment a common mechanism for ECG-ST segment depression and elevation?

ATP sensitive (K(+)(ATP)) potassium cardiac channels are recruited when ATP levels are low as in ischemic injury and acute trauma. Such activation results in ECG-ST elevation and cardiac arrhythmias. K(+)(ATP) channel recruitment may be blocked by the sulfonylurea glibenclamide, permitting a wide variety of animal experimentation designed to test the genesis of ECG-ST segment elevations and depressions in diverse conditions including digitalis effect, acute arterial occlusion, tachycardias, and acute pericarditis. A specific series of animal experiments designed to test this hypothesis is proposed. Clinical implications are discussed.     

Increased vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias by pre-ischemic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in isolated rat hearts.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between vulnerability to reperfusion-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF), and the endogenous activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has not been well documented. The objective of the present study was to clarify whether the vulnerability to reperfusion-induced VT/VF changes with preishemic, sustained inhibition of NOS. METHODS: The experiments were performed using Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts, in which left ventricular pressure (LVP) and left ventricular cardiomyograms (LVCMGs) were measured. RESULTS: A pre-ischemic, sustained inhibition of NOS resulted in an increased vulnerability to reperfusion-induced VT/VF, and the increase was markedly attenuated by co-treatment with L-arginine or by post-ischemic treatment with 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP), an inhibitor of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) synthesis. We then tried to elucidate whether nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide were produced during reperfusion, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)), especially mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoK(ATP)), are involved in the increased vulnerability. Post-ischemic inhibition of NOS and treatment with a NO scavenger attenuated the increased vulnerability to reperfusion-induced VT/VF, but post-ischemic treatment with a superoxide scavenger did not. In addition, post-ischemic treatment with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, or with diazoxide, a selective opener of mitoK(ATP), increased the VT/VF duration during reperfusion. The increased vulnerability to VT/VF was attenuated by the treatment with a selective mitoK(ATP) blocker. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a pre-ischemic, sustained inhibition of NOS increases the vulnerability to reperfusion-induced VT/VF, and the NO-mitoK(ATP) pathway is one of the possible factors contributing to the increased vulnerability to VT/VF.     

阿托伐他汀对兔急性心肌梗死再灌注后一氧化氮、内皮素-1水平及心功能的影响

目的:评价阿托伐他汀对兔急性心肌梗死再灌注(AMI/R)后一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平的影响及对心功能的作用。方法:新西兰大白兔24只随机分成AMI/R组、阿托伐他汀治疗组(5mg·kg-1.d-1)和假手术组,每组8只。冠状动脉结扎60min,松解120min制备AMI/R模型。梗死前、后和再灌注后均行血流动力学测定,采用硝酸还原酶法检测血浆及心肌组织NO水平,采用放射免疫方法测定血浆及心肌组织ET-1水平。结果:(1)与AMI前相比较,AMI/R组AMI60min和再灌注后120min,心率(HR)、主动脉收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室内压最大收缩和舒张变化速率(±dp/dtmax)及心排量(CO)均显著下降,左室舒张末压(LVEDP)显著升高(P0.05或P0.01)。与AMI前相比,阿托伐他汀治疗组AMI60min和再灌注后120min上述各项指标变化与AMI/R组的变化趋势相似(P0.05或P0.01),但再灌注后120minLVSP、LVEDP、±dp/dtmax及CO比AMI60min有显著恢复(P0.01),且比AMI/R组恢复更显著(P0.05或P0.01);另外,治疗组SBP、DBP下降幅度明显低于AMI/R组(P0.01)。(2)与AMI/R组相比,阿托伐他汀能使AMI再灌注后血浆NO水平显著升高,ET-1水平显著降低(P0.01);而心肌组织NO、ET-1的含量治疗组仅复流区显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。(3)与AMI/R组相比,阿托伐他汀可促进AMI后心功能的恢复。结论:阿托伐他汀能使缺血再灌注后血浆及心肌NO水平显著升高,ET-1水平显著降低,具有内皮保护作用;可促进AMI后心功能的恢复。     

Mitochondrial K+ channels are involved in ischemic postconditioning in rat hearts

The mitochondrial calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoK(Ca)) and the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) are both involved in cardiac preconditioning. Here, we examined whether these two channels are also involved in ischemic or pharmacological postconditioning. Using Langendorff perfusion, rat hearts were made hypoxic for 45 min and then reoxygenated for 30 min. Ischemic postconditioning (IPT) was achieved through application of 3 cycles of 10 s of reperfusion and 10 s of ischemia before reoxygenation, with and without paxilline (Pax; a mitoK(Ca) blocker) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; a mitoK(ATP) blocker). Pharmacological postconditioning was carried out for 5 min at the onset of reoxygenation using NS1619 (a mitoK(Ca) opener) or diazoxide (Dia; a mitoK(ATP) opener). Pax and 5-HD abolished IPT-induced cardioprotection from reoxygenation injury, whereas administration of NS1619 or Dia significantly improved cardiac contractile activity and reduced aspartate aminotransferase (an index of myocyte injury) release following reoxygenation. In addition, isolated rat myocytes were loaded with tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRE; fluorescent mitochondrial membrane potential indicator) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein [DCFH; fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicator] or Fluo-4-acetoxymethyl ester (Fluo-4-AM; fluorescent calcium indicator). When TMRE-loaded myocytes were laser illuminated, the DCFH and Fluo-4 fluorescence increased, and TMRE fluorescence decreased. These effects were significantly inhibited by NS1619 and Dia. We therefore conclude that IPT may protect the heart through activation of mitoK(ATP) and mitoK(Ca) channels, and that opening of these channels at the onset of reoxygenation protects the heart from reoxygenation injury, most likely by reducing excess generation of ROS and the resultant Ca(2+) overload.     

Role of aspirin in modulating myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury

The role of low-dose aspirin (3 mg/kg, i.v.) in attenuating ischemic reperfusion injury was studied in a canine model. Regional ischemia for 40 min was produced by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and thereafter reperfusion instituted for 3 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), positive (+) LV dP/dt _max and negative (–) LV dP/dt _max were monitored alongwith myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), glycogen and lactate. Following reperfusion, there was a significant fall in (i) MAP, (ii) (+) LV dP/dt _max and (iii) (–) LV dP/dt _max. LVEDP was corrected after about 2h of reperfusion. Replenishment of only myocardial CP occurred, without any change in ATP and glycogen, although lactate accumulation was corrected.Aspirin administered 15 min before reperfusion (posttreatment) caused normalisation of LVEDP within 15 min and prevented any deterioration in (–) LV dP/dt _max, although it had no effect on MAP and (+) LV dP/dt _max. After 3h of reperfusion (post-treatment), myocardial ATP, CP, glycogen and lactate contents became normal. The number of premature ventricular complexes was significantly reduced after aspirin treatment. The present study indicates that low-dose aspirin post-treatment can ameliorate at least some of the deleterious consequences of reperfusion injury of the myocardium.     

缺血预处理延缓大鼠心肌缺血引起的细胞间电脱耦联

目的:研究缺血预处理(IPC)延缓心肌细胞间电脱耦联现象及其可能的机制,尤其是线粒体膜ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoK_ATP)在其中的作用。方法:大鼠心脏Langendorff离体灌流,用四电极法测量心肌整体阻抗(R_t),监测R_t在心肌缺血后的变化来判断心肌细胞发生电脱耦联的时间。结果:(1)对照组心肌缺血40 min后复灌30 min,心肌细胞间电脱耦联发生平均时间为(13.29±0.95) min;(2)IPC可以明显延迟电脱耦联的发生时间、促进心肌缺血复灌后收缩功能的恢复;(3)IPC前给予mitoK_ATP特异阻断剂5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,100 μmol/L)取消了IPC的心脏作用;(4)MitoK_ATP特异开放剂diazoxide(60 μmol/L)预处理可以模拟IPC延迟电脱耦联、促进心肌收缩功能恢复;(5)Diazoxide的IPC模拟作用能被5-HD取消,也能被L型钙通道特异阻断剂verapamil(2.0 μmol/L)和自由基清除剂N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine(300 μmol/L)取消。结论:IPC可以通过激活mitoK_ATP延缓大鼠心肌缺血造成的细胞间电脱耦联和改善心肌收缩功能。     

左心室舒张功能评价方法的研究

目前国内缺乏能够全面而简单地评价左心室舒张功能的方法。为了解决这个问题,我们根据一定的数学模型,建立了算法,从而提出一种新方法,通过采用MATLAB语言编写的程序来实现。这种方法主要是根据左心室内压P的变化,得到P-dP/dT环,并计算出左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、最大左心室舒张速率(-(dP/dt)max)、等容舒张期时间常数(τ)和室腔僵硬度常数(Kd)这四个重要指标。从离体心脏缺血/再灌注实验得到的结果证明了这种方法的可行性和有效性。因此这种使用τ和Kd指标的方法对评价左心室舒张功能是敏感而有效的,可以应用于左心室舒张功能异常的早期检测。     

The T-type calcium channel blocker mibefradil reduced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and improved hemodynamic parameters in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac failure in rats

Fibrillar collagen accumulates within the interstitium and around coronary arteries following cardiac failure and is responsible for abnormal myocardial stiffness and reduced coronary performance associated with impaired cardiac function. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of long-term treatment with the T-type calcium channel antagonist mibefradil on myocardial remodeling and cardiac function after chronic myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in male Wistar rats. Animals were assigned to sham-operated, placebo-treated or mibefradil-treated (10 mg/kg per day p.o.) MI groups. Treatment with mibefradil was started either 7 days before, 24 h after, or 7 days after ligation and continued for 6 weeks after MI. At this time point, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and cardiac contractility (dP/dt_max) were measured in conscious rats. Morphometric parameters were determined in picrosirius red-stained hearts: total heart weight (THW), interstitial and perivascular collagen volume fraction (ICVF, PCVF), myocardial infarct size (IS), vascular perimeter (VP), inner vascular diameter (IVD) and media thickness (MT). Six weeks after MI, MAP and dP/dt_max were decreased, and LVEDP was increased in placebo-treated animals. In mibefradil-treated animals whose treatment started 7 days before or 24 h after MI, MAP and dP/dt_max were higher, and LVEDP was lower than in placebo-treated controls. THW, ICVF, PCVF and MT were higher in placebo-treated animals. Mibefradil treatment resulted in higher ICVF and IS, higher VP and IVD (when started 7 days before MI) and lower PCVF and MT (when started 7 days before or 24 h after MI) than were observed in placebo-treated controls. Chronic treatment with mibefradil reduced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and improved cardiac function in MI-induced heart failure in rats. Cardiac remodeling was best prevented when treatment was begun before the ischemic event. Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 1999     

二氮嗪预处理对大鼠心肌线粒体呼吸功能与呼吸酶活性的影响

目的： 探讨特异性线粒体三磷酸腺苷敏感性钾通道开放剂二氮嗪预处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌线粒体呼吸功能和酶活性的影响。方法: 采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注模型，将72只SD大鼠随机分为正常组（NOR）、缺血再灌注组（IR）、二氮嗪预处理组（DIA）、5－羟葵酸拮抗二氮嗪组（5HD-DIA）。NOR组在平衡灌注20 min后续灌100 min，IR组在平衡20 min后续灌30 min，继后全心缺血40 min，复灌30 min。DIA组在缺血前给予含二氮嗪50 μmol/L的K-H液10 min后，全心缺血40 min，复灌30 min。5HD-DIA组在二氮嗪预处理之前先给予含5－羟葵酸100 μmol/L K-H液10 min，其余同二氮嗪预处理组。分别于平衡末、缺血前及再灌注末取心肌并分离、制备线粒体，测定各组线粒体的呼吸功能、呼吸酶活性。结果: 再灌注末DIA组的线粒体呼吸功能（呼吸控制率、磷氧比、3态呼吸速率）和呼吸酶活性（NADH氧化酶、琥珀酸氧化酶、细胞色素C 氧化酶）明显优于IR组和5HD-DIA组（P<0.05）但次于NOR组（P<0.01）；而IR组和5HD-DIA组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论: 线粒体钾通道开放剂二氮嗪预处理能够保护缺血/再灌注损伤心肌的线粒体，其机制与保护线粒体的呼吸功能及呼吸链的酶活性有关。     

缬草单萜氧化物对兔心室肌线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道的影响

目的 :研究缬草单萜氧化物 (VMO)对兔单个心室肌细胞线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道 (mitoKATP)的影响。方法 :采用酶解法分离单个兔心室肌细胞。实验分为 30 μg/LVMO组、6 0 μg/LVMO组、12 0 μg/LVMO组、5 羟癸酸 ( 5 HD)组和 5 HD +12 0 μg/LVMO组。用罗丹明 (Rhodamine 12 3)染色 ,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 (多光子模式 )分别观察各组线粒体荧光强度变化。结果 :① 30 μg/LVMO组、6 0 μg/LVMO组、12 0 μg/LVMO组均可见用药后线粒体荧光强度明显增加 ,分别增加 13.90± 1.2 0 %、2 1.2 0± 2 .30 %和 2 6 .4 0± 2 .50 % ;② 50 0 μmol/L5 HD不影响线粒体荧光强度 ,但可以阻断VMO对线粒体荧光的增强效应。结论 :VMO对兔心室肌细胞mitoKATP有开放作用。     

亚甲蓝减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注引起的线粒体损伤

目的:探讨亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB)对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)线粒体损伤的作用。方法:将Spragure-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(control组)、I/R模型组和MB治疗组(I/R+MB组),建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型(n=6)。手术前2 h,MB组大鼠按2 mg/kg腹腔注射MB。对照组持续灌注K-H液110 min,I/R组与I/R+MB组平衡灌注20 min后停灌30 min,再灌注60 min。实时记录心率(HR)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室最大压力变化速率(±dp/dt_(max))和左室舒张末压(LVEDP)。测定冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性。测定心肌组织中活性氧簇(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。苏木精-伊红染色观察组织病理学变化。分离心肌组织线粒体,测定线粒体肿胀程度和线粒体膜电位(MMP)。结果:与对照组相比,I/R组的心功能恶化,冠脉流出液中的CK-MB和LDH活性升高,心肌组织中的ROS和MDA增加,SOD活性降低,ATP减少,线粒体肿胀程度升高,MMP下降(P0.05);与I/R组相比,I/R+MB组的心功能改善,CK-MB和LDH的释放减少,组织中的ROS和MDA减少,SOD活性和ATP含量升高,线粒体肿胀程度降低,MMP升高(P0.05)。结论:MB通过减轻线粒体损伤对大鼠离体I/R心脏发挥保护作用。     

基于胰高血糖素样肽1受体及其下游信号探讨有氧运动对小鼠心梗模型心功能康复的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动训练(AET)对心肌梗死(MI)小鼠的心脏保护作用,并阐明其作用机制是否与胰高血糖素样肽1受体(GLP-1R)激活有关.方法:在实验1(研究AET对MI小鼠的心脏保护作用及对心脏组织中GLP-1R表达的影响)中,67只小鼠分为3组:假手术(sham)组(n=14)、MI组(n=28)和MI+AET组(...     

Mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel. 2. The role of the channel in protection of the heart against ischemia

The cardioprotective properties of pharmacological and metabolic activators of mitoKATP are reviewed. Metabolic activators of the channels and data on their cardioprotective properties are discussed in the review. The authors adduce their own data concerning cardioprotective properties of mitoKATP channel metabolic activator (UDP). In experimental animals, UDP precursors, uridine and UMP, decrease myocardial ischemic alteration index and T-wave amplitude within 60 min after occlusion of the left coronary artery. Both effects are prevented by mitoKATP channel inhibitors, glibenclamide and 5-HD. UMP and uridine possess antiarrhythmic properties as well. These preparations decrease the number of premature ventricular beats, the duration of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, and these effects are eliminated mainly by glibenclamide. Thus, mitoKATP plays a significant role in prevention of both ischemic lesions and rhythm disorders. The prospects of application of metabolic activators to prevent and treat myocardial infarction are discussed.