HIF-1α基因转染人胃腺癌SGC7901细胞对裸鼠移植瘤的影响及机制

目的 探讨低氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α基因转染人胃腺癌SGC7901对裸鼠移植瘤血管生成及EphA2表达的影响及其可能机制.方法 采用HIF-1α基因重组质粒pGCsi-shHIF-1α,转染胃腺癌SGC7901细胞并接种裸鼠(SGC7901/shRNA,实验组),建立裸鼠皮下人胃腺癌移植瘤模型,动态观测裸鼠肿瘤体积和质量;设SGC7901(未转染组)、转染空质粒的SGC7901(SGC7901/Neo,空载体组)为对照.观察移植瘤生长情况,8周后,获取移植瘤模型瘤组织,称取湿重,免疫组化SP法检测移植瘤组织的微血管密度,Western blot检测上皮细胞激酶A2(EphA2)表达.结果 与未转染组比较,空载体组瘤体积、质量改变不明显,HIF-1α转染的实验组的瘤体积、质量明显降低;HIF-1α转染的实验组诱导血管增生、形成血管生成拟态和EphA2蛋白表达较未转染组组、空载体组明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 HIF-1α基因转染可明显抑制裸鼠人胃腺癌移植瘤的生长,该作用可能与其抑制肿瘤血管新生、形成血管拟态及EphA2蛋白表达有关.     

5-LOX siRNA对人肝癌HepG2细胞裸鼠瘤生长的作用和ERK的影响

目的研究5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)siRNA转染人肝癌HepG2细胞后对裸鼠移植瘤生长的作用及对细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)1/2信号通路的影响。方法将5-LOX siRNA转染人肝癌HepG2细胞,验证在细胞水平5-LOX表达受抑制。再用转染后的细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤模型。裸鼠分3组:转染组(接种5-LOX siRNA转染的HepG2)、转染空载体组(接种空白质粒转染的细胞)、未转染组(接种未转染的HepG2)。接种21 d后处死裸鼠,测量移植瘤体积。Westernblot和RT-PCR检测瘤体5-LOX、ERK1/2的蛋白和mRNA表达。结果转染组肿瘤平均体积与转染空载体组、未转染组比较明显减小(P<0.01),检测瘤体5-LOX、ERK1/2蛋白水平及mRNA表达量明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论抑制5-LOX表达可显著抑制肝肿瘤生长,测得ERK1/2表达下降,提示其作用机制可能通过抑制ERK信号转导途径抑制肿瘤增殖。     

Effects of 5-LOX siRNA on growth and ERK signal transduction pathway of HepG2 cell xenografts in nude mice

目的 研究5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)siRNA转染人肝癌HepG2细胞后对裸鼠移植瘤生长的作用及对细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)1/2信号通路的影响.方法 将5-LOX siRNA转染人肝癌HepG2细胞,验证在细胞水平5-LOX表达受抑制.再用转染后的细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤模型.裸鼠分3组:转染组(接种5-LOX siRNA转染的HepG2)、转染空载体组(接种空白质粒转染的细胞)、未转染组(接种未转染的HepG2).接种21 d后处死裸鼠,测量移植瘤体积.Western blot和RT-PCR检测瘤体5-LOX、ERK1/2的蛋白和mRNA表达.结果 转染组肿瘤平均体积与转染空载体组、未转染组比较明显减小(P<0.01),检测瘤体5-LOX、ERK1/2蛋白水平及mRNA表达量明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 抑制5-LOX表达可显著抑制肝肿瘤生长,测得ERK1/2表达下降,提示其作用机制可能通过抑制ERK信号转导途径抑制肿瘤增殖.     

靶向沉默RACK1基因对肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:研究沉默RACK1基因对人肺腺癌细胞株A549裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响。方法:使用人肺腺癌细胞株A549建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型。待肿瘤直径为0.3~0.5 cm时将荷瘤裸鼠随机分成3组,每组6只,分别于瘤内注射生理盐水(空白组)、空载质粒-脂质体复合物(空载组)及shRNARACK1质粒-脂质体复合物(实验组)。观察三组裸鼠的皮下移植瘤体积变化,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,并用Western blot检测各组肿瘤组织中RACK1蛋白的表达。结果:移植瘤形成后第28天,与空白组和空载组比较,实验组移植瘤生长速率、肿瘤体积和重量均明显降低(P0.05)。转染干扰载体RACK1-shRNA对裸鼠肺腺癌移植瘤的的抑瘤率为39%。Western blot结果显示,实验组移植瘤组织中RACK1蛋白的表达明显低于空白组和空载组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:沉默RACK1基因对肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长有明显抑制作用。     

携带野生型PTEN基因的重组腺病毒治疗子宫内膜癌的体内研究

目的:探讨携带野生型PTEN基因的重组腺病毒(Ad-PTEN)进行子宫内膜癌基因治疗的可行性.方法:BALB/c裸鼠随机分3组,每组8只, 以空载体Ad-CMV转染或未转染作为对照组,观察Ad-PTEN体外转染后体内接种对子宫内膜癌细胞致瘤能力的影响.应用LacZ 作为报告基因,X-gal染色检测Ad-PTEN 体内转染效率.皮下荷人子宫内膜癌BALB/c裸鼠15只,随机分为对照组、Ad-CMV组及Ad-PTEN治疗组,每组5只,每只裸鼠皮下有2个移植瘤.待皮下移植瘤长至4～5 mm时,治疗组Ad-PTEN肿瘤内注射,每个移植瘤5×108 pfu/100 μl,隔日1次,共3次,观察裸鼠肿瘤体积的变化及有无不良反应,最后1次治疗后15 d处死裸鼠,取肿瘤组织及治疗组裸鼠肝脏病理检查.结果:Ad-PTEN体外转染子宫内膜癌RL 95-2细胞,子宫内膜癌细胞致瘤能力完全抑制,裸鼠成瘤率为0;而空载体转染组和PBS对照组裸鼠成瘤率均为100%.重组腺病毒在裸鼠体内具有较高的转染效率,Ad-CMV-LacZ肿瘤内注射后96 h,转染效率可达到80%. Ad-PTEN肿瘤内注射可使裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长速度显著减慢,肿瘤体积较对照组明显缩小(P<0.05),Ad-PTEN基因治疗未发现明显不良反应. 结论:PTEN基因治疗有可能成为子宫内膜癌非手术治疗的一个新方法,具有潜在的应用价值.     

siRNA对VEGF蛋白表达的影响及对裸鼠移植肾癌的抑制作用

目的探讨siRNA沉默血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因对人肾癌裸鼠移植瘤VEGF蛋白的表达水平及生长抑制作用的影响。方法化学合成针对VEGF的siRNA序列,通过脂质体将VEGF-siRNA转染到ACHN细胞中,将转染VEGF-siRNA的ACHN细胞(A组)、转染空质粒的ACHN细胞(B组)及未转染的ACHN细胞(C组)分别接种于裸鼠背部皮下。在SPF环境中饲养裸鼠并观察各组裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况,每隔5d测定移植瘤体积大小(肿瘤的长轴L,短轴W,肿瘤体积V=1/2LW2),绘制肿瘤生长曲线,采用免疫组化及Western blot法测定裸鼠移植瘤组织切片中VEGF蛋白的表达水平。结果 A组小鼠移植瘤成瘤及生长明显缓慢,移植瘤的体积和质量均低于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);移植瘤组织切片免疫组化及Western blot法检测结果提示:与B、C组相比,A组中VEGF蛋白表达量降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而B、C组间瘤体的体积重量及VEGF蛋白表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 VEGF在肾癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用,化学合成的VEGF-siRNA可特异性抑制肾癌细胞中VEGF的表达,抑制肿瘤的生长增殖。     

α 1,2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转染对卵巢癌细胞RMG-1裸鼠体内致瘤性及血管生成因子表达的影响

目的 比较α1,2岩藻糖转移酶(α1,2-FT)基因转染前后卵巢癌细胞株RMG-Ⅰ的裸鼠体内致瘤性及移植瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及碱性成纤维生长因子(b-FGF)表达的变化.方法 我们在前期工作中利用基因转染技术将α1,2-FT基因转入人卵巢癌细胞株RMG-Ⅰ,建立了α1,2-FT及Lewis y高表达细胞株RMG-I-H.本实验将转染前后细胞种植裸鼠皮下建立人卵巢癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,观察两组肿瘤生长情况.5周后处死动物,测量移植瘤质量,免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤组织VEGF、TGF-β1及b-FGF的表达.结果 两组裸鼠均有皮下荷瘤形成,但转染组的成瘤时间(5.2±0.8d)早于未转染组(8.8±1.3d),且转染组的瘤质量和体积与未转染组相比亦明显增加(P<0.05).转染组裸鼠移植瘤组织VEGF、TGF-β1及b-FGF的表达均明显高于未转染组(P均<0.05).结论 α1,2-FT基因转染能增强卵巢癌细胞RMG-Ⅰ的体内致瘤性,上调裸鼠移植瘤组织VEGF、TGF-β1及b-FGF的表达.提示α1,2-FT及Lewis y抗原参与血管生成,其高表达在促进血管生成中可能发挥重要作用.     

癌胚抗原基因抑制对溶瘤腺病毒H101治疗人食管癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的影响

目的:观察癌胚抗原(CEA)特异性基因沉默对溶瘤腺病毒H101杀伤食管癌EC9706细胞作用的影响,以探讨影响H101敏感性的内在因素.方法:利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,构建针对人食管癌EC9706细胞的CEAsiRNA载体,通过基因转染,在EC9706细胞中建立稳定的CEA基因沉默体系,并以空载体转染和未进行转染的EC9706细胞作对照,建立人食管癌细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,用H101进行瘤内注射.采用Real Time PC和Western Blot方法检测移植瘤组织中CEA的表达,测量肿瘤体积.结果:降低CEA在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达,对人食管癌EC9706细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤成瘤时间和体积无影响,经H101瘤内注射治疗后,干扰组、空载体组和对照组肿瘤体积分别为(50.16±19.01)、(208.13±72.29)、(219.46±46.56)mm3,干扰组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而空载体组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05).论:抑制食管癌EC9706细胞中CEA的表达,可引起H101敏感性增加.     

KISS-1对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的探讨KISS-1基因对裸鼠胃癌移植瘤生长的影响。方法通过脂质体介导将pc DNA3.1-KISS-1转染人胃癌细胞BGC-823,用Western blot检测转染前后KISS-1蛋白的表达。将转染pc DNA3.1-KISS-1的BGC-823细胞(转基因组)、转染空质粒的BGC-823细胞(空质粒转染组)和单纯BGC-823细胞(对照组)分别接种于BALB/C裸鼠,构建裸鼠胃癌移植瘤模型,测量肿瘤体积和瘤质量,并绘制肿瘤生长曲线;采用免疫组织化学法和半定量反转录-聚合酶链反应检测肿瘤组织中KISS-1蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果 KISS-1基因成功转入胃癌BGC-823细胞,转基因组KISS-1蛋白的表达较空质粒转染组和对照组显著增加(P<0.05);与空质粒转染组和对照组比较,转基因组裸鼠肿瘤生长速度显著减慢、肿瘤体积显著减小,瘤体质量显著减轻(P<0.05)。结论通过基因转染的方法能表达有活性的KISS-1,并能抑制裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的生长。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.