临床药师在医院合理用药中的作用

目的：探讨临床药师如何在医院合理用药中发挥作用。方法临床药师通过参与抗菌药物合理使用监测、通过查房，参与临床药物治疗、宣传合理用药知识，做医、护、药沟通的桥梁、收集药物不良反应等方法，开展药学服务。结果规范了医院合理用药，使临床抗感染疗效大为提高。结论临床药师积极参与临床药学服务，促进了医院抗菌药物的合理、安全使用。     

烧伤患者铜绿假单胞菌感染及耐药性分析

目的探讨烧伤患者铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）感染后对抗菌药物的耐药性，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供指导。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2006年12月间烧伤患者并发PAE感染患者的临床资料。结果PAE对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、哌拉西林的耐药率逐年增高。结论PAE耐药日益严重，并出现多重耐药。临床医师应在药物敏感试验结果指导下用药，适当控制抗菌药物的应用，并注重抗菌药物以外的其他治疗。     

医院合理用药与PASS监测系统

目的探讨医院应用PASS软件监测临床用药间相互作用和不良反应。方法PASS嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统中，构建了合理用药计算机网络系统，对住院病人的处方、医嘱是即时性监测、药物信息查询和病人用药教育。结果极大地方便了医生查询药物信息，指导临床用药。结论为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利，但PASS仍存在一些缺陷，应尽快完善。     

关于进一步开展全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动的通知

为进一步巩固前两年全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动成果，促进抗菌药物合理使用，有效控制细菌耐药，保证医疗质量和医疗安全，按照2013年全国卫生工作会议精神、2013年卫生工作要点和三年活动工作安排，国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织制定了《2013年抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动方案》。     

载药纳米微粒的临床应用研究进展

载药纳米微粒是纳米技术与现代医药学结合的产物，是一种新型的药物输送载体。它缓释药物、延长药物作用时间，透过生物屏障靶向输送药物，建立新的给药途径等等，在药物控释方面显示出其他输送体系无法比拟的优势。近年来载药纳米微粒在临床各个领域的应用基础研究势头强劲，并取得了可喜的成绩。本综述了载药纳米微粒在临床各领域应用的研究成果，并对其发展应用前景进行展望。     

综合治疗原发性高血压三年临床疗效观察

本文对综合性治疗高血压临床疗效进行三年观察，结果说明综合性治疗，即药物与生物反馈、健康教育相结合治疗可获得与单纯药物治疗相似的降压效果，而综合性治疗的血压达标率高、降压药物的使用剂量明显减少，说明综合治疗优于单纯药物治疗。文中就生物反馈、健康教育对降血压的效果进行了讨论。     

临床用药咨询系统的开发及应用

根据药品信息和疾病药物治疗方案的内容，我们统计了一个基本数据库．为临床合理用药提供了很好的信息支持。采用Visual Basic(VB)语言为开发工具，SQL Server为后台数据库。设计了“临床用药咨询系统”。该系统在临床用药上解决了药物信息量大的难题，在使用上运行准确、快捷，操作灵活。以便医院推广应用。     

93例住院老年精神病人时点用药临床调查

１９９５年６月１４日对上海精神卫生中心老年病房的９３例住院老年精神病人的临床药物使用情况进行了调查，结果表明临床用药的频度列在前三位依次为抗精神病药物、镇静催眠药及益智药物。其中抗精神病药物的使用频度列在前三位者依次为氯丙嗪、氯氮平及甲硫达嗪；镇静催眠药依次为氯硝安定、佳静安定及三唑仑；益智药物依次为尼莫地平及阿尼西坦；抗抑郁剂主要为麦普替林和氟西汀。安坦应用少。用药方案多为单一用药，药物剂量小，用药趋于合理。     

部分药物对临床生化检验的影响分析

目的分析部分药物对临床生化检验的影响，为提高临床生化检验的准确性提供参考依据。方法以自愿参与实验方式选取32位志愿者作为研究对象，经所有志愿者同意后在不损害到其身体健康的情况下让他们服用利福平，并让他们了解利福平的主要功用，选取肾上腺素作为实验药物，来对 FMN、TG、TCH、DBIL进行测定，选取利福平对FMN、TBIL、DBIL加以测定。结果通过对于志愿者服用利福平前后的观察和检验可知，服用利福平药物后在临床生物化学检验中存在一定的影响，其中测定有正相关干扰的有FMN、DBIL、TBIL，出现负相关干扰影响的有Cr、UA。结论在临床生化的检验过程中，部分药物会对于临床生化检验的结果产生影响，使检验结果偏离实际，这应引起我们的重视。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病药物治疗研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种最常见的慢性气道疾病，其起病较为缓慢、病程较长、病情迁延难愈，在早期没有自觉症状。伴随着病情的不断发展，可出现终身不愈的慢性咳嗽，并在气道、肺血管、肺实质内出现炎症应激反应，也会并发慢性呼吸衰竭、自发性气胸、慢性肺源性心脏病等疾病，严重影响患者正常工作与生活质量。目前，临床针对COPD的治疗仍以药物为主，药物治疗的目标在于改善临床症状、提高生活质量，延缓或减弱肺功能减退，预防和治疗并发症，提高存活率，避免或减少用药副作用。因此，寻求合适的药物治疗方案来满足COPD患者的临床治疗需求对于改善患者预后具有十分重要意义。本文通过对COPD致病机制、药物治疗方案作一综述，旨在为临床治疗该疾病提供参考依据。     

传感器在医学领域的应用进展

传感器是能感受特定的信息并将其转换成可用信号的器件或装置,是各种医疗设备必不可少的核心组件之一。医用传感器在医学领域中有着广泛的应用,已经成为促进医学发展的一个关键因素。本文就传感器在医学检查、监测、治疗和疾病预防等方面的应用及其发展趋势进行详细的综述。     

Organization and management of a database in the respiratory physiology

In this paper we present a set of programs resulting in a management system for a Database in experimental medicine. The programs are written in Fortran and they run in a VAX 8200 of DEC. We have successfully applied this management system in the study of mechanics and of the electrical activity of the muscles of the respiratory apparatus. However, it may be used in other fields of experimental medicine since it has been structured in such a way as to be easily adapted; in addition it may run in other computers.     

The prostate in pregnant and non-pregnant Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis at the subcellular level

The prostate of the pregnant Praomys appears more active than that of the non-pregnant Praomys. At the light microscopic level, the most obvious features are heightening of secretory cells and increased secretory product in acinar lumina. Apparent at the electron microscopic level are an increase and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous scattered secretion granules, and a dilated Golgi apparatus. Therefore, stimulation of the gland is evident upon cytological evaluation and this increased activity may be due to the direct or indirect effects of androgenic stimulation.     

中药离子穴位导入负压罐的研制和治疗机理

本文介绍了脉冲直流电中药离子穴位导入负压罐的构造，并对治疗机理进行了探讨。本疗法将现代医学物理疗法的离子导入同祖国传统医学的拔罐、中药和腧穴疗法有机地融为一体，发挥其协同作用。具有造价低廉，操作简便，疗效可靠的特点，丰富了理疗的治疗手段。     

Processing of radical prostatectomy specimens for correlation of data from histopathological, molecular biological, and radiological studies: a new whole organ technique

AIMS: To develop a method of processing non-formalin fixed prostate specimens removed at radical prostatectomy to obtain fresh tissue for research and for correlating diagnostic and molecular results with preoperative imaging. METHODS/RESULTS: The method involves a prostate slicing apparatus comprising a tissue slicer with a series of juxtaposed planar stainless steel blades linked to a support, and a cradle adapted to grip the tissue sample and receive the blades. The fresh prostate gland is held in the cradle and the blades are moved through the cradle slits to produce multiple 4 mm slices of the gland in a plane perpendicular to its posterior surface. One of the resulting slices is preserved in RNAlater. The areas comprising tumour and normal glands within this preserved slice can be identified by matching it to the haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the adjacent slices that are formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded. Intact RNA can be extracted from the identified tumour and normal glands within the RNAlater preserved slice. Preoperative imaging studies are acquired with the angulation of axial images chosen to be similar to the slicing axis, such that stained sections from the formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded slices match their counterparts on imaging. CONCLUSIONS: A novel method of sampling fresh prostate removed at radical prostatectomy that allows tissue samples to be used both for diagnosis and molecular analysis is described. This method also allows the integration of preoperative imaging data with histopathological and molecular data obtained from the prostate tissue slices.     

Prevention of lithogenesis in cholecystitis

To treat and prevent cholelithiasis is one of the pressing problems facing modern medicine. A Vega MPT-705 apparatus was used to treat 52 patients with different forms of cholecystitis. Matrix regenerating therapy that had effects at cellular and subcellular levels was found to arrest an acute inflammation in the gallbladder wall, to normalize the physicochemical parameters of bile. It was concluded that the Vega MPT-705 apparatus could treat acute cholecystitis and hence prevent cholelithiasis.     

Morphologic characterization of early prostatic carcinomas in the ACI rat: a light and electron microscopic study

The ACI rat constitutes a unique model for human prostatic carcinogenesis. A high percentage of these animals spontaneously develop prostatic carcinomas in the ventral lobe as they age. The light microscopic appearance of these tumors is similar to the cribriform pattern of adenocarcinoma in human prostate. In order to further characterize this useful model, we carried out light and electron microscopy studies of the morphology of carcinomatous lesions developing in these animals. Sixteen rats ranging in age from 25 to 43 months were examined histologically, and ultrastructural studies were performed on eight of these cases. The neoplastic cells showed features of well-developed secretory epithelium including prominent Golgi apparatus, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous secretory vacuoles. Microvilli were numerous in some cells and focal apocrine secretory activity was present. Intraluminal crystals similar to those associated with human prostate carcinoma were observed in one of our cases. Prostate carcinomas developing in the ACI rat share many of the ultrastructural features of human prostatic carcinoma.     

The Struktura apparatus for stereometric research

An apparatus is proposed for the stereological analysis in medicine and biology. Its basic parts are as follows: a television microscope, video-control monitor with a morphometrical net, blocks of accumulation and original information processing.     

111In-Capromab Pendetide

Each year, approximately 210 000 American men are diagnosed with prostate cancer and 41 800 die from the disease - numbers roughly equal to the incidence and mortality for breast cancer in women. Prostate cancer usually shows no symptoms in early stages, when it is most treatable. To detect the disease early, physicians usually recommend that every man 50 years and older have an annual examination consisting of a digital rectal examination and a prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Conventional treatments such as surgical removal of the diseased prostate, external beam radiation, radioactive seed therapy and hormonal and/or chemotherapy treatment regimens are most successful for early stage prostate cancer and have limited effectiveness in advanced stages of the disease. For this reason, accurate staging of primary and recurrent prostate cancer is mandatory for proper therapeutic decisions. Nuclear medicine imaging of prostate cancer using the radiolabelled monoclonal antibody, (111)In-capromab pendetide, has proven useful in newly diagnosed patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer in which there is high suspicion of distant metastatic disease and for prostatectomy patients with rising PSA levels and/or suspicion of recurrence or metastatic disease. Although not intended as a screening tool, it is used in conjunction with standard evaluation procedures for improved staging of patients. The monoclonal antibody, designated 7E11-C5, binds the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expressed on the surface of prostate epithelial cells and up-regulated in tumour cells. The sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer involved lymph node detection has been reported as 62 to 75% and 72 to 86%, respectively, compared with sensitivities of 4% and 15% for computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (111)In-capromab pendetide imaging has proven to be an accurate, non-invasive tool for detecting and staging sites of recurrence in the post-prostatectomy patient as well as metastatic sites in the patient with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.     

Actinic apparatus of phagocytes is a target for pathogenic bacteria

The interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and eukaryotic cells is a topical area of research in microbiology and molecular medicine. This problem has been the subject of much study both in this country and abroad since early nineties; legionella, listeria, clostridium and other bacteria pathogenic to man have been used as model organisms. The results of the authors' research and literature data analysis underlie the hypothesis of the important role of bacterial enzymes, which modify components of eukaryotic cell actinic apparatus, in the virulence of infectious pathogens. Change in the activity of actinic cytoskeleton under the influence of microbe products has been demonstrated to be an effective mechanism, promoting bacterial proliferation in human organs and tissues. Here actinic apparatus components acts as a target for both "intracellular" and "extracellular" pathogens.