15d-6°头低位卧床对女性抑制功能的影响

目的 探讨-6°头低位卧床模拟失重对女性抑制能力的影响.方法 志愿者分为接受头低位卧床实验的卧床组和不参加卧床的对照组,采用数字Stroop任务测试两组志愿者在卧床实验前5天、卧床第5天、卧床第10天以及卧床后第5天的抑制能力,并采用贝克焦虑量表和Beek抑郁量表同步记录各测试时间点志愿者的抑郁和焦虑情绪.结果 卧床第...     

电针刺激对人体4d头低位卧床心血管调节功能的影响

目的探讨电针刺激内关穴对抗模拟失重所致心血管功能失调的防护作用。方法 14名健康男性志愿者随机分为对照组和电针组。对照组仅进行4 d头低位卧床,电针组则在卧床期间给予双侧"内关穴"电针刺激,30 min/d,连续4 d。卧床前后进行立位耐力、心脏功能、心率变异性以及血液血管紧张素II及醛固酮浓度测定。结果与卧床前相比,对照组卧床后立位耐力、心脏收缩功能及低频与高频功率的比值(LF/HF)均显著降低(P0.05)。电针组卧床后LF/HF以及血液血管紧张素和醛固酮浓度显著增高(P0.05),立位耐力呈下降趋势,未达到显著水平(P0.05),卧床前后心脏功能无明显变化(P0.05)。结论 4 d头低位卧床可导致心脏功能降低,立位耐力下降。电针刺激"内关穴"可提高交感神经兴奋性,增加血液血管紧张素-醛固酮的释放,进而有效维持头低位卧床期间心脏功能以及立位耐力。     

60d-6°头低位卧床指端光电容积波的形态变化分析

目的 提出光电容积波(PPG)形态度量的6种新指标,用于分析中短期模拟失重引起的指端PPG的形态变化.方法 实验分为卧床前15 d(基准期)、-6°头低位卧床60 d(卧床期)与卧床结束后15 d(恢复期).21名男性健康志愿者随机分为对照组、阻抗振动组、中药防护组,每组7人.检查了卧床前第6天(-6 d)、卧床第52...     

21d头低位卧床期问脑血流的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼的影响

目的观察 2 1d头低位卧床期间脑血流的变化及最后一周下体负压对抗的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,进行头低位倾斜卧床 ( - 6°)。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 4.0kPa的下体负压锻炼。利用KYENG Ⅰ导纳式双侧脑血流自动检测仪测量卧床前、卧床第 3、1 0及 2 1天的脑血流量。结果对照组的左侧大脑Ⅰ相面积及流入速度在卧床期间较卧床前均显著降低 ,左侧大脑主峰高度在卧床第 3及 2 1天显著降低 ,左侧大脑阻力指数在卧床第 3及 2 1天显著升高 ;LBNP组的左侧大脑Ⅰ相面积在卧床第 3及 2 1天较卧床前均显著降低 ,左侧大脑阻力指数在卧床期间均显著升高 ,左侧大脑主峰高度及流入速度在卧床第 3及 2 1天有降低趋势 ,但未达到显著水平。两组之间比较无显著性差异。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起脑血管阻力增加 ,脑血流量减少 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的最后一周进行下体负压锻炼 ,不能有效地对抗头低位卧床模拟失重引起的脑血流的变化。     

21d头低位卧床期间心功能的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼的影响

目的 观察21d头低位卧床期间被试者心功能的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼（LBNP）的影响。方法 12名健康男性志愿者,随机分为对照组和LBNP组,每组6人,均参加头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理,LBNP组在卧床最后一周,每天进行1h、－4．0kPa的下体负压锻炼。测量心脏收缩和泵血功能等指标。结果 在卧床期间,两组的心输出量、心指数及每搏输出量较卧床前均显著降低或有降低趋势,射血前期（PEP）均显著延长,总外周阻力、等容收缩时间／左室射血时间（LVET）、PEP／LVET均显著升高而有升高趋势,起床后第2天基本恢复。LBNP组PEP和PEP／LVET在第21天及起床后第2天较对照组显著升高。结论 21d头低位卧床可引起心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低;在21d头低位卧床的最后一周进行下体负压锻炼,不能有效对抗头低位卧床模拟失重引起的心脏泵血和收缩功能的降低,但对提高立位耐力有利。     

21d头低位卧床期间脑血流的变化及最后一周下体负压锻炼的影响

目的观察21 d头低位卧床期间脑血流的变化及最后一周下体负压对抗的影响.方法12名健康男性志愿者,随机分为对照组和LBNP组,每组6人,进行头低位倾斜卧床(-6°).对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理,LBNP组在卧床最后一周,每天进行1 h、-4.0 kPa的下体负压锻炼.利用KYENG-I导纳式双侧脑血流自动检测仪测量卧床前、卧床第3、10及21天的脑血流量.结果对照组的左侧大脑I相面积及流入速度在卧床期间较卧床前均显著降低,左侧大脑主峰高度在卧床第3及21天显著降低,左侧大脑阻力指数在卧床第3及21天显著升高;LBNP组的左侧大脑I相面积在卧床第3及21天较卧床前均显著降低,左侧大脑阻力指数在卧床期间均显著升高,左侧大脑主峰高度及流入速度在卧床第3及21天有降低趋势,但未达到显著水平.两组之间比较无显著性差异.结论21 d头低位卧床可引起脑血管阻力增加,脑血流量减少;在21 d头低位卧床的最后一周进行下体负压锻炼,不能有效地对抗头低位卧床模拟失重引起的脑血流的变化.     

45d-6°头低位卧床对人体运动心肺功能的影响及红景天的防护作用

目的明确45 d-6°头低位卧床(head-down bed rest,HDBR)模拟失重效应对运动心肺功能的影响及红景天的防护作用。方法 16名健康成年男性志愿者,随机分为对照组(8人)和中药组(8人),中药组和对照组在45 d卧床期间,每天分别服用红益胶囊和安慰剂。在卧床实验前、中、后分别进行人体运动心肺功能和运动心电测量。结果与卧床前相比,1)卧床45 d对照组最大耗氧量显著降低(-18.26%;P0.01),中药组最大耗氧量无显著差异(-10.04%;P0.05)。2)对照组最大公斤耗氧量在卧床30 d、45 d和卧床后10 d均较卧床前显著下降(P0.01),而中药组下降均不明显(P0.05)。3)卧床期间对照组和中药组的最大心率均无显著变化,但在卧床后10 d,对照组最大心率明显下降(P0.05),中药组无明显改变(P0.05)。结论 45 d-6°头低位卧床引起人体运动心肺功能明显下降,中药红益胶囊可有效对抗头低位卧床模拟失重效应的人体运动心肺功能下降。     

15d-6°头低位卧床对女性唾液IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响

目的 观察研究15 d-6°头低位卧床(HDBR)女性志愿者非刺激性全唾液中IL-6和TNF-α水平的变化.方法 采集20名女性志愿者4个不同时间点即:卧床前1天(pre-HDBR-1))、-6°头低位卧床第3天(HDBR-3)、第10天(HDBR-10)和恢复正常生活第7天时(post-HDBR-7)的非刺激性全唾液...     

21d头低位卧床期间第一周和最后一周下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响

目的观察在 2 1d头低位卧床的第一周和最后一周进行下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,均参加 - 6°头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床第一周和最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 30mmHg的下体负压锻炼。卧床前和卧床第 1 0、2 1天在倾斜床上进行 3次立位耐力检查 ,卧床期间测量心脏泵血和收缩功能等指标。结果卧床前两组 1 2名被试者均顺利通过立位耐力检查。卧床第 1 0和 2 1天 ,对照组所有被试者均不能通过立位耐力检查 ,而下体负压组仅有 1人未通过 ,卧床第 2 1天下体负压组( 1 9.7± 0 .9min)平均耐受时间较对照组 ( 1 5 .0± 3.2min)显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组每搏输出量(SV)及心输出量 (CO)在卧床第 3、1 0天较卧床前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而LBNP组SV及CO在卧床期间均无显著性变化 ;两组的射血前期 (PEP) /左室射血时间 (LVET)在卧床第 3、1 4天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组间比较 ,LBNP组PEP/LVET在卧床第 3天较对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LVET在卧床第 3、7和 1 4天较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起立位耐力、心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的     

Orthostatic tolerance and hormonal changes in women during 120 days of head-down bed rest

BACKGROUND: Women will be included as mission specialists in the upcoming International Space Station program. This paper describes the changes in volume-regulating hormones and determines the degree of degradation in orthostatic tolerance in a group of women after 120 d of bed rest. The aim of this study was to test a countermeasure program to be used by women during long-duration spaceflights. METHODS: For 120 d of -6 degrees head-down bed rest (HDBR), eight healthy women were assigned either to a no-countermeasure (No-CM, n = 4), or to a countermeasure (CM, n = 4) group. In the countermeasure group, exercise began after 2 wk, pharmacological agents were given during the 1st and 3rd mo, and the "Centaur" suit was worn on the last day of bed rest and during the day time for several days after bed rest. Diet supplements were taken during the 1st and 4th mo of HDBR. Tilt tests were run before and after HDBR. RESULTS: After the HDBR, none of the CM subjects, had pre-syncopal or syncopal symptoms during tilt tests: BP was well maintained in the CM group, while heart rate and BP changed in the No-CM group. In plasma, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increased in both groups and remained high throughout HDBR, while aldosterone increased and remained elevated in the No-CM group. Natriuresis was decreased during HDBR. CONCLUSION: The CM protocols used during this study were efficient and prevented orthostatic intolerance for the four CM subjects. It would be necessary to obtain more data regarding this set of CM protocols on female subjects to lead to statistical and formal conclusions.     

Non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability during incremental cycling exercise

Within the last years complex models of cardiovascular regulation and exercise fatigue have implemented heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic nervous system. Using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to assess heart rate correlation properties, the present study examines the influence of exercise intensity on total variability and complexity in non-linear dynamics of HRV. Sixteen cyclists performed a graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. HRV time domain measures and fractal correlation properties were analyzed using short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of DFA. Amplitude and complexity of HRV parameters decreased significantly. DFA-alpha1 increased from rest to low exercise intensity and showed an almost linear decrease from higher intensities until exhaustion. These findings support a qualitative change in self-organized heart rate regulation from a complex autonomic control at rest and low intensities towards a breakdown of the interaction in control mechanisms with non-autonomic heart rate control dominating at high intensities.     

心率与血压变异性的多变量、多维信号分析进展

心率变异性与血压变异性反映心血管系统自主神经的调制活动，近年研究已向多变量、多维、动态分析方向发展。心率与血压变异性的多变量系统辨识、时频分析及非线性动力学分析等技术方法，将在心血管疾病的危险性预报、病情评估、疗效评价及特种环境医学等领域有更多应用。     

Acceleration with exercise during head-down bed rest preserves upright exercise responses

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to elucidate the effect of short-arm centrifuge-induced artificial gravity with exercise training during ground-based simulated spaceflight, i.e., prolonged head-down bed rest (HDBR), on respiratory and cardiovascular responses to upright exercise. METHODS: There were 10 healthy men who underwent 20 d of -6 degrees HDBR, and were assigned to either a countermeasure (CM) group (n = 5) or a no countermeasure (No-CM) group (n = 5). The subjects in the CM group performed two sessions (20 min each session, 40 min total) of short-arm centrifuge-induced artificial gravity with exercise training in a supine position on alternate days (10 d total) during HDBR. The first session was set at 0.8-1.4 G load at heart level with a constant exercise intensity (60 W), and the second session began with a 0.3 G load at heart level with an interval exercise protocol (40-80% peak oxygen uptake; VO2peak). The measurements of respiratory and cardiovascular responses to incremental exercise were performed pre- and post-HDBR. RESULTS: The 20 d of HDBR increased minute expired ventilation, heart rate, and respiratory exchange ratio and decreased stroke volume during submaximal exercise in the No-CM group, whereas these parameters were unchanged in the CM group. In the No-CM group, VO2peak decreased significantly (47.0 +/- 8.6 to 34.8 +/- 6.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), p < 0.05), whereas VO2peak in the CM group did not show a significant decrease following 20 d of HDBR (47.7 +/- 10.0 to 43.9 +/- 8.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). These results suggest that short-arm centrifuge-induced artificial gravity with exercise training is effective in maintaining respiratory and cardiovascular responses to upright exercise.     

跨时区飞行对飞行员心率变异性的影响

目的　探讨跨时区飞行对飞行员心率变异性的影响 ,以评价其对飞行员自主神经系统的作用。　方法　采用 2 4h动态心电图方法检测 16名跨时区国际长途飞行的飞行员动态心电图及心率变异性 (HRV) ;另外检测 10名国内昼间飞行的飞行员动态心电图及HRV作为对照。检查指标 :①HRV的低频功率 (0 .0 4～ 0 .15Hz ,LF) ;②HRV的高频功率 (0 .15～ 0 .4 0Hz,HF) ;③HRV的总频功率 (0 .0 4～ 0 .4 0Hz,TF)。计算飞行员HRV谱成份的夜间调节指数。用两组飞行员调节指数的差值作为自主神经负荷程度的定量估计。　结果　对照组飞行员的HF反映迷走神经活性在 2 4h中显示明显的昼夜节律 ,即夜间HF增高 ,LF降低 ;白天HF降低 ,LF增高。交感神经活性在跨时区飞行组上述谱成份的昼夜节律性明显降低。②对照组飞行员的HF夜间调节指数为 0 .32± 0 .11,而跨时区飞行组HF夜间调节指数为 0 .0 6± 0 .0 2 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组LF夜间调节指数为 - 0 .0 2± 0 .0 8,而跨时区飞行组LF夜间调节指数为 - 0 .0 9± 0 .0 4 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　跨时区飞行使飞行员HRV谱成份的昼夜周期节律显著降低     

头低位卧床期间体育锻炼30d对下肢肌肉的影响

目的:通过观察和比较30 d头低位卧床期间不同体育锻炼方式对下肢肌肉的影响,以进一步明确体育锻炼对失重后下肢肌肉萎缩的对抗效果。方法:15名男性健康被试者,随机分为对照组、下肢肌力训练组和自行车功量计训练组。实验期间测量小腿周径、小腿截面积、腓肠肌肌电平均振幅的变化。结果:与卧床前相比,对照组小腿周径随卧床时间延长显著减小(P<0.01);下肢肌力训练组在卧床第18～30天以及起床后的小腿周径显著减小(P<0.01);自行车功量计训练组在卧床第22～30天及起床后显著减小(P<0.01)。与卧床前相比,卧床第30天和起床后1周时3组的小腿截面积均显著减小(P<0.05)。与卧床前相比,对照组肌电振幅在第1和22天显著降低(P<0.05),下肢肌力训练组的肌电振幅在卧床第7、22、26和30天显著降低(P<0.05),自行车功量计组在卧床第7、10、22和30天显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:30 d头低位卧床可引起严重的肌肉萎缩。下肢肌力训练和自行车功量计训练对防止模拟失重所致肌肉萎缩,促进肌肉恢复有一定的作用。     

由心率与血压变异性估计民航飞行人员的心血管年龄

目的研究由心率与血压变异性估计民航飞行人员心血管年龄的方法 ,并探讨其在心血管疾病防治中的意义。方法先对 89名健康民航飞行人员的心率变异性 (HRV)与血压变异性 (BPV)的谱分析及压力反射敏感性 (BRS)数据进行主成分分析 ,再利用多重回归分析得出心血管年龄的估计方程。结果1 7个HRV、BPV与BRS原指标所蕴含的有关心血管自主神经调节功能状态的信息可由 7个主成分来反映 ,且原始指标变量的第 2与第 4主成分 (PC2 orig,PC4orig)及导出指标变量的第 2主成分 (PC2 deri)分别与实际年龄呈负相关关系 (P <0 .0 5) ,而原始指标变量的第 3主成分 (PC3orig)则与实际年龄呈正相关关系 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;根据估计方程得到的心血管年龄与实际年龄有较好的相关性 (r =0 .73,P <0 .0 1 )。结论由HRV与BPV分析估计得出的心血管年龄可综合反映健康飞行人员心血管自主神经调节功能随年龄的生理性变化 ,其实际应用价值有待进一步探讨     

Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart rate and blood pressure variabilities

PURPOSE: This study examines the effect of static and dynamic leg exercises on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in humans. METHODS: 10 healthy male subjects were studied at rest, during static exercise performed at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (SX30), and during dynamic cycling exercises done at 30% of VO2max (DX30) and at 60% of VO2max (DX60). Respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure signals were digitized to analyze temporal and spectral parameters involving short and overall indexes (SD, deltaRANGE, RMSSD, Total power), power of the low (LF), middle (MF), and high (HF) frequency components, and the baroreceptor sensitivity by the alphaMF index. RESULTS: During SX30, indexes of HRV as SD, deltaRANGE, Total power, and MF in absolute units increased in relation with rest values and were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than during DX30 and DX60; HF during SX30, in normalized and absolute units, was not different of the rest condition but was higher (P < 0.001) than HF during DX30 and DX60. Parameters of BPV as SD and deltaRANGE increased (P < 0.001) during both type of exercises, and significant (P < 0.01) increments were observed on MF during SX30 and DX30; systolic HF was attenuated during DX30 (P < 0.05), whereas diastolic HF was augmented during DX60 (P < 0.001). Compared with rest condition, the alphaMF index decreased (P < 0.01) only during dynamic exercises. CONCLUSION: Because HRV and BPV response is different when induced by static or dynamic exercise, differences in the autonomic activity can be advised. Instead of the vagal withdrawal and sympathetic augmentation observed during dynamic exercise, the increase in the overall HRV and the MF component during static exercise suggest an increased activity of both autonomic branches.