老年人亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶、蛋氨酸合成酶基因多态性及同型半胱氨酸水平与冠心病的关系

目的探讨老年人同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与冠心病的关系,并对亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)A1298C基因多态性、蛋氨酸合成酶(MS)A2756G基因多态性与Hcy水平及冠心病的关系进行探讨. 方法 177例老年人为研究对象,其中129例冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病患者(冠心病组),48例冠状动脉造影完全正常(对照组).荧光偏振免疫分析法测定Hcy水平,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析MTHFR A1298C、MS A2756G基因多态性. 结果冠心病组血Hcy水平显著高于对照组[(16.2±8.6)对(12.7±5.0)μmol/L,P<0.01].MTHFR A1298C基因多态性CC纯合子和AC杂合子血Hcy水平均显著低于AA野生型[(9.1±2.5)、(13.5±6.6)对(16.0±8.3)μmol/L,P<0.01],CC纯合子和AC杂合子间血Hcy水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);MTHFR 1298CC纯合子在冠心病组的分布频率显著低于对照组(3.1%对14.6%,P<0.05).MS A2756G基因多态性GG+AG基因型血Hcy水平显著低于AA野生型[(12.8±6.5)对(15.6±8.1)μmol/L,P<0.05],MS 2756GG+AG基因型在冠心病组的分布频率显著低于对照组(9.3%对20.8%,P<0.05). 结论本研究入选的老年人群中,冠心病患者血Hcy水平升高.MTHFR 1298CC基因型及MS 2756 GG +AG基因型与低血Hcy水平相关,它们可能会通过降低血Hcy水平而减少老年人冠心病的发生.     

同型半胱氨酸代谢相关酶基因多态性与心肌梗死关系的研究

目的研究同型半胱氨酸代谢相关酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)、胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS)及蛋氨酸合成酶(MS)基因多态性与心肌梗死(MI)相关性。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和聚合酶链反应(PCR)产物直接电泳技术,检测121例MI患者(患者组)和500例健康人(正常对照组)的MTHFR C677T、CBS 844 ins68和MS A2756G基因多态性。结果MTHFR C677T基因型分别为:CC野生型、CT杂合型、TT突变型。其在患者组分布频率分别为14.0%、46.3%、39.7%,T等位基因频率为62.85%,C等位基因频率为37.15%;正常对照组中为35.6%、44.0%2、0.4%,T等位基因频率为42.4%,C等位基因频率为57.6%。两组间各基因频率及等位基因频率比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而CBS 844ins 68和MSA2756G的基因型频率分布,两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MTHFR基因TT基因型,T等位基因与MI具有相关性;而CBS 844 ins68及MS A2756G基因多态性可能与MI发生无直接相关性。     

MTRR基因A66G多态性与高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

采用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术,分析高同型半胱氨酸血症患者及健康者的蛋氨酸合成酶还原酶（MTRR）基因A66G多态性,比较两组基因型与等位基因频率分布。结果两组MTRR基因A66G突变型等位基因G频率、GG基因型频率分布有显著性差异（P均〈0．01）。与AA基因型者比较,AG基因型、GG基因型者发生高半胱氨酸血症的风险分别高1．98、3．92倍。认为MTRR多态性与血浆半胱氨酸水平相关,G等位基因可能是高同型半胱氨酸血症的遗传易感标志。     

胱硫醚β-合成酶G919A基因多态性与原发性高血压关系的meta分析

目的综合评估胱硫醚β-合成酶(CBS)基因G919A多态性与原发性高血压(EH)发生风险的关系。方法全面检索Pub Med、Embase、Medline、万方数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、维普资讯,收集CBS基因G919A多态性与EH发生关系的病例对照研究,优势比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI)评估关联强度,应用Rev Man5.3软件对纳入研究进行异质性检验和效应值OR合并,漏斗图评价发表性偏倚;敏感度分析过程,分别以固定效应模型和随机效应模型合并OR值,以评估结果的稳定性。结果共纳入4篇文献6组病例-对照研究,共累计EH组患者1147例,健康对照组1138例,根据异质性检验结果选取固定效应模型或随机效应模型合并数据。Meta分析结果显示:CBS基因919纯合子模型(AA vs GG)、杂合子模型(GA vs GG)、显性模型(AA+GA vs GG)、隐性模型(AA vs GG+GA)和基因频率(A vs G)与EH关系的合并OR(95%CI)分别为3.03(1.95~4.72)、1.49(1.10~2.02)、1.61(1.23~2.10)、2.65(1.26~5.57)和1.55(1.35~1.79),均P0.01。漏斗图未检测出显著的发表性偏倚。结论目前Meta分析表明CBS基因G919A多态性与EH发病相关联,尤其是在中国人群。     

MTRR A66G基因多态性与胎儿NTDs的相关性

目的探讨妊娠妇女蛋氨酸合成酶还原酶(MTRR A66G)基因多态性与胎儿神经管畸形(NTDs)的相关性。方法选择41例胎儿为NTDS的妊娠妇女(观察组),另取82例同期同地区有正常生育史、个体间无血缘关系的妊娠妇女为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术检测两组MTRR基因A66G多态性。结果MTRR基因A66G位点有野生纯和型AA、杂合突变型AG及纯和突变型GG三种基因型。观察组AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为48.78%、36.59%、14.63%,对照组分别为52.44%、41.46%、6.10%,P均>0.05。观察组、对照组A等位基因频率分别为67.07%和73.17%,G等位基因频率分别为32.93%和26.83%,P均>0.05。结论孕妇MTRR A66G基因多态性与胎儿NTDs的发生无相关性,AG、GG基因型并不增加胎儿NTDs的发生危险。     

同型半胱氨酸及代谢酶基因多态性与脑卒中的相关性研究

目的 进一步确定亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T、胱硫醚β-合成酶(CBS)基因844ins68、T27796C和甲硫氨酸合成酶(MS)基因A2756G这4种基因突变在脑卒中发病中的意义。方法 选择年龄及性别基本匹配的脑梗死组78例、脑出血组26例、神经系统其他疾病组29例和健康老年组50例，采用酶联免疫分析法测定受检者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度，并运用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术，检测基因表型。结果 脑梗死组和脑出血组血Hcy浓度明显高于神经系统其他疾病组和健康老年组。CBS844ins68及MSA2756G突变频率较国外报道明显低。此外，C677T纯合突变型的Hcy水平均高于野生型和杂合突变型，CBST27796C基因杂合子突变则可能使Hcy水平降低；而4种基因各组之间基因型频率差异无统计学意义。结论 Hcy水平与脑卒中的发生有一定联系。CBS844ins68和MSA2756G突变可能存在种族或地域差异，MTHFRC677T纯合子突变可能是导致血浆总Hcy(tHcy)水平升高的遗传决定簇，而CBST27796C基因杂合子突变可能引起tHcy水平的降低；4种基因突变符合遗传平衡定律。     

胱硫醚β合酶基因T833C突变与脑梗死发生的相关性研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)代谢相关酶胱硫醚β合酶(CBS)基因T833C位碱基突变与脑梗死发病的相关性。方法对67例经头部CT或MR I证实为脑梗死的患者(脑梗死组)和31名健康对照者(对照组),应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增法检测CBS基因T833C多态性,采用高效液相色谱法测定血清Hcy水平。结果在脑梗死组有9例CBS基因纯合子突变,28例为杂合子突变;对照组3名为纯合子突变,5名为杂合子突变。两组基因型频率分布差异亦有显著意义,2χ=11.429,P<0.01;脑梗死组C等位基因频率为34.33%,T等位基因频率为65.67%,与对照组比较差异有显著意义,2χ=8.978,P<0.01。CBS基因杂合突变者血清Hcy浓度显著高于正常基因者(t=4.612,P<0.01)。脑梗死组患者血清Hcy浓度为(23±7)nmol/m l,显著高于对照组(13±4)nmol/m l,两组比较差异有显著性(t=8.826,P<0.01)。结论Hcy血症是脑梗死的独立危险因素,而CBS基因T833C点突变可能是其发病的重要遗传因素。     

μ阿片受体基因多态性对腰椎手术患者痛觉敏感性的影响

目的 探讨μ 阿片受体基因多态性对腰椎手术患者痛觉敏感性的影响,为指导个体化镇痛提供理论依据.方法 选择2018-08～2019-12新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院全麻下行腰椎手术患者218例.根据OPRM1 A118G基因型将其分为野生型纯合子组(AA组,85例)、突变型纯合子组(AG组,104例)和突变型杂合子组(GG组...     

辽宁地区健康汉族人IL-6基因-572C/G多态性观察

目的观察辽宁地区健康汉族人群中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因-572C/G多态性。方法选择辽宁地区366例健康汉族人,采用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术检测其血清中IL-6基因的-572C/G多态性。结果辽宁地区健康汉族人IL-6基因-572C/G基因型中CC、CG、GG型频率分别为63.93%、34.15%、1.92%。C等位基因与G等位基因频率分别为81.01%、18.99%。结论辽宁地区健康汉族人IL-6基因在-572C/G存多态性,其中CC纯合子最多见,CG杂合子次之,GG纯合子最少见;C等位基因为常见基因,G等位基因为少见基因。     

内皮型一氧化氮合成酶基因rs3918188位点多态性与汉族原发性高血压的相关性

目的探究内皮型一氧化氮合成酶基因rs3918188位点多态性与汉族原发性高血压的相关性。方法研究对象为2013年1月至2017年4月泰州市人民医院收治的262例原发性高血压患者(高血压组)及同期的260例健康体检者(对照组),均采用TaqMan探针法检测一氧化氮合成酶基因rs3918188位点多态性,对比分析不同基因型及等位基因频率的分布情况。结果两组受检者的eNOS基因rs3918188位点基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,两组间GG、AG、AA基因型及A、G等位基因频率分布对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 eNOS基因rs3918188位点多态性可能与汉族原发性高血压无明显相关性。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.