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1.
Treatment of spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis in children.   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
There are 2 fairly common types of spondylolisthesis in children - dysplastic and isthmic. The dysplastic type is secondary to congenital defects at the lumbosacral joint. The isthmic is usually due to a fatigue fracture of the pars interarticularis but there is also an hereditary element in this type. Most children with spondylolisthesis never develop significant symptoms and even of those who do, the vast majority can be treated without surgery. If symptoms persist or if further olisthesis is occurring, a one-level spinal fusion done through a paraspinal approach is recommended. It is most important not to allow olisthesis to develop to the point that the child shows the cosmetically undesirable stigmata characteristic of the condition. Solid fusion can be obtained in every case and will stop further slip.  相似文献   

2.
The incidental occurrence of lumbar spine fractures in individuals with preexisting first degree lumbosacral isthmic spondylolisthesis may be looked upon as a simulated in vivo biomechanical experiment testing the stability of the lumbosacral subluxation. Among 200 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures managed at the author's institution during the period of 1980-1989, five such cases were collected. All patients had a grade I isthmic spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level, and all sustained a burst fracture of the lumbar spine. In two patients, there was a previous history of low back pain and lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. In the other three patients, the olisthesis was judged to be old by a negative 99mTc-MDP bone scan, whereas the fractured vertebra showed intense uptake and/or by the negative operative findings at L5-S1 level during surgery. It was found that the incidence of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in patients with thoracolumbar fractures was smaller than in the general population but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.213). In addition, it is concluded that mild lumbosacral spondylolisthesis can absorb considerable axial loading without an ascertainable evidence of damage.  相似文献   

3.
The results of treatment of spondylolisthesis in 72 patients by reduction with the use of Harrington rods and circumferential fusion were reported. In dysplastic spondylolisthesis 75% satisfactory results and 83.4% spinal fusions were achieved, in stenotic spondylolistheses 80% and 85% respectively. The influence of operation on sacral bone position against lumbar spine could not be accurately traced with the aid of Wiltse radiological criteria. The authors consider arthrodesis "in situ" as insufficient procedure, especially in dysplastic type of spondylolisthesis. They recommend addition of anterior fusion that retains and stabilizes reduction being limited to single motoric unit of the spine.  相似文献   

4.
Surgical management is indicated for children and adolescents with spondylolysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis (< or =50% slip) who fail to respond to nonsurgical measures. In situ posterolateral L5 to S1 fusion is the best option for those with a low-grade slip secondary to L5 pars defects or dysplastic spondylolisthesis at the lumbosacral junction. Pars repair is reserved for patients with symptomatic spondylolysis and low-grade, mobile spondylolisthesis with pars defects cephalad to L5 and for those with multiple-level defects. Screw repair of the pars defect, wiring transverse process to spinous process, and pedicle screw-laminar hook fixation are surgical options. The ideal surgical management of high-grade spondylolisthesis (>50% slip) is controversial. Spinal fusion has been indicated for children and adolescents with high-grade spondylolisthesis regardless of symptoms. In situ L4 to S1 fusion with cast immobilization is safe and effective for alleviating back pain and neurologic symptoms. Instrumented reduction and fusion techniques permit improved correction of sagittal spinal imbalance and more rapid rehabilitation but are associated with a higher risk of iatrogenic nerve root injuries than in situ techniques. Wide decompression of nerve roots combined with instrumented partial reduction may diminish the risk of neurologic complications. Pseudarthrosis and neurologic injury presenting as L5 radiculopathy and sacral root dysfunction are the most common complications associated with surgical management of high-grade spondylolisthesis.  相似文献   

5.
C K Lee 《Spine》1983,8(4):429-433
Twenty-seven patients who underwent extensive posterior spinal decompression procedures were reviewed to investigate the incidence, the clinical significance and contributing factors of the postdecompression olisthesis, and indication for spinal fusion at the time of extensive decompression. Eleven patients were female and 16 were male. The mean age was 49.4 years. Twenty-two patients were treated with extensive decompression and spinal fusion, and five patients were treated with decompression alone without spinal fusion. The average follow-up time was 2 1/2 years (1-4 1/2). The incidence of newly developed postdecompression olisthesis was 3.7% (1/27) and all four patients with preoperative spondylolisthesis progressed further postoperatively. The author was neither able to identify definitive contributing factors for olisthesis, nor able to confirm the previously reported factors: young age, normal disc heights, and multiple level decompression in this review study. The incidence rate of pseudarthrosis was high (27.3%) after the extensive posterior decompression and fusion. The concomitant spinal fusion is not routinely indicated to patients with extensive posterior spinal decompression. Furthermore, it does not appear to be effective in prevention of olisthesis. The concomitant spinal fusion should be exceptional rather than routine.  相似文献   

6.
Treatment of high-grade isthmic and dysplastic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents remains a challenge. Surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis has been recommended in adolescents with pain refractory to nonoperative modalities, slippage progression, or > 50% slippage on presentation. Controversy exists as to the optimal surgical approach for high-grade spondylolisthesis. In this report, we describe 5 cases of high-grade isthmic and dysplastic spondylolisthesis in adolescents and review the literature on surgical treatment for this entity. Operative records, charts, x-rays, and Scoliosis Research Society outcome questionnaires (SRS-22) were retrospectively evaluated for 5 consecutive patients diagnosed with and treated for high-grade spondylolisthesis. Each patient received treatment consisting of decompression, reduction, and circumferential fusion with transpedicular and segmental fixation from a posterior approach. Two patients had transient L5 nerve root deficit, which resolved within 3 months. Reduction benefits include a decrease in shear stresses (and resulting decreased rates of postoperative pseudarthrosis and slip progression), restoration of sagittal alignment and lumbosacral spine balance, and improvement in clinical deformity.  相似文献   

7.

Purpose

The aim of our study was to analyze clinical and radiographic outcomes of operative management of L5 high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis with the apparatus for external transpedicular fixation (AETF), and to compare the results of its use for reduction and spondylodesis.

Methods

There were 13 patients with L5 dysplastic spondylolisthesis of grade 4 (Meyerding grading) and having a mean age of 25.0?±?3.6 years. The management included two stages: gradual reduction with the AETF, followed by either isolated anterior spondylodesis with the same AETF (group 1, n?=?8), or by spondylodesis using a combined method (internal transpedicular instrumentation and posterior lumbar interbody fusion [PLIF]) (group 2, n?=?5). Clinical evaluation included pain (VAS scale) and functional status (Oswestry questionnaire [ODI]). Reduction and fusion completeness were assessed radiographically after treatment and at a mean follow-up of 2.1?±?0.4 years.

Results

Initial slippage was reduced by 51.6 % with AETF and was of grade 1 or 2. Reduction made up 31.1 % at follow-ups (grade 2 or 3). Pain decreased by 57.6 % (p?<?0.01). The functional status improved. ODI decreased by 37.7 % (p?<?0.01) after treatment and by 41.7 % (p?<?0.01) at follow-ups. Fusion at the level of the involved segment was poor in group 1. All the cases fused in group 2.

Conclusions

The use of AETF for L5 high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis provides gradual controlled reduction of the slipped vertebra, decompression of cauda equine roots, and recovery of the local sagittal spinal column balance. It creates conditions for achieving stability of lumbosacral segments with combined spondylodesis (internal transpedicular instrumentation and PLIF). AETF is not suitable for spondylodesis due to a high rate of pseudarthrosis.
  相似文献   

8.
目的 寻求治疗Ⅱ-Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱更合理的方法。方法 对12例Ⅱ-Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱患者行SF复位、椎管减压、TFC椎间融合。结果 患者临床症状消失,滑脱椎体复位率98%,无内固定松动及矫正丢失,椎间融合良好。结论 SF复位、椎管减压、TFC椎间融合是治疗Ⅱ-Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱较好的方法。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性滑脱的手术治疗策略。方法 2003年8月~2008年10月,应用经椎间孔腰椎间融合(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)技术,以小关节突为中心椎管减压、椎间隙松解撑开复位、椎弓根钉棒系统补充复位固定、椎间隙打压植骨联合椎间融合器技术治疗腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性滑脱26例。结果经18~36个月(平均30个月)随访,滑脱椎体复位无丢失,椎间隙高度维持良好,下腰椎生理弧度恢复正常,椎弓根螺钉无断裂、松动,融合器无移位、沉降。25例获骨性融合。根据NaKai评分标准,优良率为84.6%。结论采用TLIF技术治疗腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上滑脱,神经根管减压是影响疗效的关键因素,滑脱椎体复位有利于神经根减压以及椎间融合率的提高,椎体间融合是维持长期疗效的基础。  相似文献   

10.
K Kaneda  S Satoh  Y Nohara  T Oguma 《Spine》1985,10(4):383-389
Fifty-three cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated with distraction rod instrumentation and posterolateral fusion with or without nerve root decompression, and they were followed for an average of 39 months. Thirty-one cases without neurologic deficit were treated with instrumentation and fusion only. In 22 cases of predominant sciatic pain with neurologic deficit signs, nerve root decompression and instrumentation with fusion were conducted. The results showed a 90.6% solid union rate with satisfactory clinical improvement. Realignment of the vertebral displacement such as reduction of olisthesis and widening of the olisthetic disc spaces was obtained to some extent. No serious complications were encountered.  相似文献   

11.
This is a report of a method for treatment of spondylolisthesis based upon: (1) preoperative reduction of the olisthesis by plaster casts; (2) fixation of the reduction by posterior arthrodesis, accompanied by a system of instrumentation which has been developed by the authors. The treatment of severe spondyloptosis in six children and of spondylolisthesis in 14 adults is considered separately, because of the somewhat different problems in the two different age groups.  相似文献   

12.
赵永生  林勇  历强 《中国骨伤》2012,25(6):478-481
目的:探讨椎管减压椎弓根钉复位固定椎间植骨加椎板重建术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法:自2007年8月至2008年8月,选择32例腰椎滑脱症患者行全椎板切除椎管减压椎弓根钉复位固定椎间植骨术,然后在椎板切除减压区硬膜外植微粒骨重建椎板,其中26例获得1年以上随访,男16例,女10例;年龄55~76岁,平均62.5岁;病程2~10年。所有病例术前有不同程度的腰痛,一侧或双下肢麻木、疼痛、间歇性跛行等。影像学检查为L3、L4或L5的Ⅰ-Ⅲ度前滑脱,其中退行性滑脱18例,峡部裂性滑脱8例。术后3个月及末次随访时从临床症状体征改善程度、滑脱椎体复位情况、植骨融合情况及椎管狭窄情况等方面对疗效进行评定。结果:26例患者平均随访时间为1年8个月(1~3年)。术后切口均愈合良好,无并发症发生。临床改善情况按JOA下腰痛评分标准,术前为(5.2±1.5)分,术后3个月为(23.1±1.9)分,优20例,良5例,可1例;末次随访评分(22.9±2.4)分,优19例,良5例,可2例。术后3个月和末次随访JOA评分较术前有明显改善(P=0.00),术后3个月和末次随访时疗效无明显差异(P>0.05)。滑脱椎体复位情况:Ⅰ度滑脱的17例完全复位;Ⅱ度滑脱的7例中5例完全复位,2例改善为Ⅰ度;Ⅲ度滑脱的2例改善为Ⅰ度。植骨融合情况:术后3个月20例融合,末次随访时全部融合,重建椎板骨质大片融合形成替代椎板。椎管狭窄情况:术后3个月及末次随访时CT检查示椎管无狭窄,神经根、硬膜囊无压迫。结论:椎管减压椎弓根钉复位固定椎间植骨加椎板重建术治疗腰椎滑脱症可以同时达到椎体复位、充分减压和脊柱生物力学稳定,能有效预防术后腰椎不稳以及瘢痕压迫、粘连等形成的医源性椎管狭窄,早期及中期疗效满意,为腰椎滑脱症的治疗提供了另外思路。  相似文献   

13.
Surgical management is the accepted treatment choice for grade III or IV spondylolisthesis, and many satisfactory clinical and radiologic follow-up results have been reported. Very little, however, has been written about long-term results in preteenage patients in whom dysplastic spondylolisthesis has been treated nonoperatively, especially in those who have > or =50% displacement of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the sacrum. We report an unusual case of spontaneous stabilization of severe dysplastic spondylolisthesis in an 8-year-old girl who presented with grade III spondylolisthesis of L5-S1 and was followed up for >14 years in the absence of surgical intervention. On presentation, she complained of a restriction in forward bending and tightness of hamstrings, but she was undisturbed in her daily activities. Initial radiographs showed severe dysplastic spondylolisthesis; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at age 9 years showed that the amount of listhesis was much less than that seen in the initial radiograph. Routine radiographic follow-ups were chosen over early operative measures until she became a teenager. There was no change in the slip, and unusually a gradual ossification of the cartilaginous promontory of the S1 and the posterior lip of the L5 was observed. At 22 years old, the patient is asymptomatic and not conscious of her cosmetic appearance. Surgical treatment has generally been indicated for patients with grade III or IV spondylolisthesis, because slippage progression has been noted in most reported cases. However, MRI may be a tool for predicting which dysplastic spondylolisthesis cases are more likely to progress and therefore circumvent surgical intervention, while maintaining an excellent outcome.  相似文献   

14.
High-grade spondylolisthesis is defined as Meyerding grade 3, 4, or 5 with an increased L5-SI kyphosis/slip angle. Modern-day treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis usually involves some reduction of the spondylolisthesis along with pedicle screw instrumentation and circumferential fusion at L5-S1, achieved entirely through a posterior approach or through separate anterior and posterior approaches. Complications include implant failure distally, nonunion, and footdrop.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨腰椎退行性多节段滑脱的手术治疗方法.方法 2005年3月至2008年9 月,采用后路彻底减压、复位、椎弓根内螺钉固定360°融合治疗多节段腰椎滑脱患者25例.其中男性7例,女性18例;年龄38-75岁,平均56.6岁.滑脱均为退行性变化引起,类型有:前滑脱12例,后滑脱2例,混合滑脱11例.患者均行腰椎后路减压融合手术,术后随访6个月-4年,根据 Lenke 标准评价脊柱植骨融合情况,根据 Henderson 标准评价临床疗效.结果 术后25例患者均获得完全 复位.植骨融合结果:Lenke A级23例,B级2例;临床疗效Henderson评价结果:优16例,良6例,可 3例.结论 多节段腰椎退变滑脱发病机制和治疗方法与单节段腰椎滑脱不尽相同,后路彻底减压, 适度复位,后外侧植骨融合结合椎间融合能获得较好的临床效果.多节段滑脱复位时应根据滑脱的类型选择不同方法.  相似文献   

16.
STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of consecutive pediatric patients treated surgically for high-grade spondylolisthesis by one of three surgical procedures with emphasis on complications and functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Complications, radiographic results and patient-assessed function, pain, and satisfaction were assessed among three surgical procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The existing literature is in disagreement about whether it is better to fuse without instrumented reduction or to use instrumentation and reduce high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Thirty-two patients had 37 surgical procedures for Meyerding Grade 3 or 4 isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis. Eleven patients were treated with an in situ L4-sacrum posterior fusion without decompression (Group 1), 7 had posterior decompression with posterior instrumentation and posterior fusion (Group 2), and 19 patients had reduction and a circumferential fusion procedure (Group 3). All patients had new radiographs taken at time of follow-up (average, 3.1 years; range, 2 years-10 years, 1 month) and completed a functional outcome questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of pseudarthrosis was 45% (5 of 11) in Group 1, 29% (2 of 7) in Group 2, and 0% (0 of 19) in Group 3. All seven who had pseudarthrosis had small L5 transverse process surface area (< 2 cm2; P = 0.004). Only one patient had a neurologic deficit (unilateral extensor hallucis longus weakness) at time of follow-up. There were no significant differences among the groups in function, pain, and satisfaction in patients in whom solid fusion was obtained, but the scores were highest in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS: In situ fusion surgery in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis with small L5 transverse processes (surface area, < 2 cm2) results in a high rate of pseudarthrosis. Circumferential procedures result in the highest rate of fusion and are effective in achieving fusion in those patients with established pseudarthrosis. The use of long (> 60 mm) iliac screws bilaterally (n = 21) in addition to bicortical sacral screws (four-point sacral-pelvis fixation) along with anterior column fusion reduces the risk of instrumentation failure in a decompression and reduction procedure. Outcomes of function, pain, and satisfaction are excellent in those in whom fusion is achieved. The risks in circumferential fusion-reduction procedures are acceptable.  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨腰椎滑脱症的手术方法和疗效。方法回顾分析2002-02-2009-02收治的96例腰椎滑脱症患者,男44例,女52例,年龄36~65岁,平均50.5岁。其中,椎弓根峡部裂性滑脱43例,退变性腰椎滑脱49例,医源性滑脱4例。根据Meyerding方法确定滑脱程度:Ⅰ度滑脱71例,Ⅱ度21例,Ⅲ度4例。所有患者均采用后路减压、复位、短节段固定、经后外侧椎体间打压植骨、单枚融合器融合等方法施行手术治疗。通过JOA评分、滑脱复位率、融合率及并发症对疗效进行评估。结果随访平均为54.6个月(15-98个月),获得完整随访资料86例。术后6个月JOA评分(24.37±2.46)分,与术前(11.52±2.97)分相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。术后疗效:优30例、良48例、可8例,优良率为90.7%(78/86)。滑脱复位率达87.23%;融合率达100%;未发生固定器械断裂、融合器移位等并发症。结论后路减压、复位、短节段固定及后外侧椎间融合是治疗腰椎滑脱的良好术式。  相似文献   

18.
Treatment of intervertebral disc herniation associated with spondylolisthesis is not different from common procedures concerning indication for surgery and surgical technique as far as sciatica is not related to retrolisthetic soft tissue or the posterior edge of the vertebral body. In a case of a disc herniation L5/S1 and an olisthesis grade I with radicular pain L5 a microdiscectomy of the prolapse and parts of the retrolisthetic soft tissue was performed. An immediate reintervention was necessary due to postoperative symptoms of paralysis. Derangement of the retrolisthetic soft tissue was found to cause the increased L5-symptoms.  相似文献   

19.
【摘要】 目的 探讨经椎间孔椎间融合术(TLIF术)式治疗双节段腰椎滑脱症的手术疗效。方法 采用TLIF后路减压、复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎间植骨融合术治疗双节段腰椎滑脱11例,按Lenke标准评价脊柱融合情况,按Henderson标准评价临床疗效。结果 所有病例均获得较大程度的复位,术后随访1~2年,根据Lenke标准评价脊柱植骨融合:A级10例,B级1例;根据Henderson标准评价临床疗效:优9例,良1例,可1例。结论〓TLIF术式治疗双节段腰椎滑脱症,其脊柱融合满意,疗效显著可靠。  相似文献   

20.
目的通过对Ⅱ、Ⅲ度成人腰椎滑脱症患者手术治疗的回顾性临床研究,探讨腰椎滑脱复位程度对临床疗效的影响。方法 2005年1月至2011年6月,72例成人Ⅱ、Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱症患者接受手术治疗。其中Ⅱ度滑脱52例,Ⅲ度滑脱20例;峡部裂性滑脱症24例,退行性腰椎滑脱症48例;男18例,女54例;年龄39~78岁,平均60.2岁。所有患者均行减压、椎弓根螺钉提拉复位固定、椎间或加横突间植骨融合术。以滑脱复位率作为评价腰椎滑脱复位的程度,分别是完全复位组29例,滑脱复位率100%;部分复位组38例,滑脱复位率82.5%;未复位组5例,滑脱复位率0。分别测出三组的术前滑移程度,术后滑移程度;临床疗效根据患者术前术后及末次随访时的视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)功能评分进行评价,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,结果采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计学相关性分析。结果 72例患者术后均获得随访,随访24~66个月,平均38个月。临床疗效评价优50例,良14例,可8例,优良率达88.89%。术后与术前VAS评分,术后及末次随访时JOA评分,术后及末次随访时的滑移程度、腰椎滑脱复位率和临床疗效满意率,未复位组与完全复位组和部分复位组两组差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。而三组间2年融合率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论成人腰椎滑脱症复位程度越完全越有利于患者症状解除和明显改善,未复位组原位融合与完全复位和部分复位组临床疗效差异显著。腰椎滑移程度对远期腰椎融合率无明显影响。  相似文献   

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