LASIK手术治疗-2.0D以上散光的角膜地形图分析

目的 利用角膜地形图评价LASIK治疗-2.0D以上散光疗效的准确性.方法 对25例(36只眼)散光度在-2.0D以上的近视散光患者于LASIK手术前后行角膜地形图和主觉验光检查,并将主觉验光测得的散光值换算成角膜平面的散光值,随访6月以上,比较手术前后角膜地形图测得的角膜散光的改变情况以及主觉验光所得的散光改变.结果 手术前后平均角膜地形图散光大小分别为(-2.29±0.61)D和(-1.91±0.68)D,主觉验光手术前后平均角膜平面的散光大小分别为(-2.22±0.61)D和(-0.46±0.43)D,两者手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前后平均角膜地形图散光轴位改变(3.19±3.04)度,手术前后显性散光轴位改变(29.61±29.49)度;术前角膜地形图散光和术前显然验光角膜平面的散光大小差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),散光轴位平均差异为(6.53±14.19)度,而术后角膜地形图散光和术后显然验光角膜平面的散光大小差异有统计学意义(P=0.00).结论 角膜地形图测量术前-2.0D以上散光与主觉验光结果基本一致,但LASIK术后,角膜地形图往往高估术后的散光值.     

Correlation among refractive, keratometric and topographic astigmatism after myopic photorefractive keratectomy

BACKGROUND: Photorefrative keratectomy can be used to flatten the curvature of the anterior cornea and reduce the myopic refraction of the eye. This leads to unphysiological topographical changes of the cornea and may alter the conditions for examinations of corneal surface topography. The purpose of this study was to check for mutual agreement of three different methods of assessment of astigmatism before and after myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven eyes of 28 patients (age 32.7+/-6.6 years) following PRK using an 193-nm excimer laser were included in this study. 37 eyes were treated for pure myopia (-4.9+/-2.4 D) and 10 eyes for myopic astigmatism (sphere -2.0 to -7.0 D, cylinder -1.0 to -3.0 D). Preoperatively and at 18 months postoperatively, subjective refractometry, keratometry and topography analysis were performed. The axes of topographic and keratometric cylinder were standardized periodically (180 degrees) with respect to the refractive cylinder axis. RESULTS: Pre- and postoperatively, the absolute astigmatism values correlated highly significantly between all three methods (P< or =0.001). The mean refractive cylinder was 0.65+/-0.61 D preoperatively and 0.46+/-0.41 D postoperatively (P=0.2). The mean keratometric astigmatism was 1.14+/-0.64 D before and 0.94+/-0.50 D after PRK treatment (P=0.2). Among the three methods, the mean topographic astigmatism was the highest (P<0.001) preoperatively (1.31+/-0.56 D) and postoperatively (1.21+/-0.52 D) (P=0.3). In eyes treated for pure myopia, no difference between pre- and postoperative refractive, keratometric and topographic astigmatism was detected (P>0.5). The axes of both topographic and keratometric astigmatism correlated highly significantly with the refractive cylinder axis (R> or =30.9, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Up to 2 years after myopic PRK, the difference between refractive and keratometric astigmatism does not differ from the preoperative value, indicating an even corneal surface. The absolute astigmatism values and the cylinder axis correlated well between subjective and objective methods of astigmatism assessment. Thus, objective measurements may be helpful in determining the cylinder component of best spectacle correction after PRK. However, topographic analysis overestimates astigmatism values systematically before and after PRK.     

两种不同切口超声乳化术对合并低度角膜散光白内障患者的角膜散光和视力的影响

目的　观察在合并低度角膜散光的白内障患者中行陡峭轴角膜切口和颞侧角膜切口超声乳化术后角膜散光和视力的变化。方法　将我院收治的合并角膜散光≤0.50 D的年龄相关性白内障患者共60例(60眼)根据术中切口不同分成A、B两组。A组30例行陡峭轴切口,B组30例行颞侧角膜切口。观察术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月裸眼视力（uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、角膜散光、术源性散光(surgically induced astigmatism,SIA),并进行统计学分析。结果　术后1个月、3个月,A组UCVA均优于B组（均为P＜0.05）;两组术后各时间点BCVA比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）,但均较术前明显提高（均为P<0.05）。A组UCVA术后3个月优于术后1个月、术后1个月优于术后1周,差异均有统计学意义 (均为P＜0.05)。A组BCVA于术后1个月基本稳定。术后1周、1个月、3个月,A组角膜散光均低于B组（均为P＜0.05）。A组角膜散光术后3个月为（0.26±0.20）D,略低于术前的（0.32±0.13）D,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.42）。B组术后3个月角膜散光为（0.62±0.45）D,高于术前的（0.23±0.17）D,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1周A组 SIA为（1.28±0.63）D,高于B组的（0.77±0.39）D,差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）。术后1个月、3个月两组SIA比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。结论　术前角膜散光≤0.50 D的白内障患者行白内障超声乳化手术时,选择陡峭轴切口并不能矫正术前角膜散光,但能减小术后总角膜散光,且可以有效提高术后UCVA,术后效果优于颞侧角膜切口。     

Effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of successful pterygium surgery on corneal topography. METHODS: Computerized corneal topography was performed on 20 eyes with pterygium before and 3 months after successful excision and limbo-conjunctival autograft surgery. Corneal shape, corneal spherical power, simulated keratometric astigmatism, surface regularity index (SRI), and surface asymmetry index (SAI) were assessed before and after surgery. Pre- and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Changes in corneal shape were mainly a decrease in midline corneal flattening. Corneal spherical power was 41.65+/-3.29 diopters (D) (mean +/- SD) preoperatively and 44.58+/-1.55 D postoperatively (p=0.04). Simulated keratometric astigmatism was 5.47+/-3.45 D preoperatively and 1.79+/-1.52 D postoperatively (p=0.0005). SRI was 1.39+/-0.93 preoperatively and 1.10+/-0.57 postoperatively (p=0.03). SAI was 1.17+/-1.09 preoperatively and 0.75+/-0.73 postoperatively (p=0.02). UCVA was 0.31+/-0.33 preoperatively and 0.52+/-0.32 postoperatively (p=0.04). BSCVA was 0.73+/-0.20 preoperatively and 0.89+/-0.16 postoperatively (p=0.008). MRSE was -0.54+/-3.29 D preoperatively and -1.30+/-3.05 D postoperatively (p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal topographic changes caused by the pterygium are almost reversible after surgical treatment. Successful pterygium surgery significantly reduces topographic astigmatism, SRI, SAI, and corneal flattening. However, precise prediction of these refractive changes is not always accurate.     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合散光型人工晶状体植入临床观察

目的 研究AcrySofToric人工晶状体(IOL)矫正白内障患者角膜散光的有效性、安全性、稳定性.方法 选取2008年5月至2009年4月期间南通大学附属医院眼科连续性住院病例.白内障患者39例46只眼,术前角膜散光≥0.75D,行超声乳化白内障吸除术(PEA)后,植入AcrySofToricIOL.术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月检查记录裸眼视力(UCVA)、屈光状态、角膜曲率、AcrySofToricIOL的轴位.结果 (1)UCVA:术前:＜0.1为21只眼,0.1～0.3为24只眼,0.4～0.6为1只眼;术后:0.1～0.3为4只眼,0.4～0.6为27只眼,0.7～0.9为6只眼,≥1.0为9只眼.术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)残留散光:术后3个月,0～0.75D者为46只眼中30只眼(65.22%),1D～1.75D者为46只眼中16只眼(34.78%),≥2.0D者为46只眼中0只眼(0.00%).(3)角膜散光:术前角膜散光度(1.84±0.53)D(0.75～3D),术后角膜散光度(1.73±0.59)D(0.75～3D),手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术源性散光(SIA)术后3个月为(0.67±0.53)D.4.IOL旋转稳定性:术后3个月,所有46只眼的IOL旋转均＜20°,其中≤5°为21只眼(45.66%),6°～10°为11只眼(23.91%),11°～15°为13只眼(28.26%),16°～20°为1只眼(2.17%),平均值是7.23°±5.04°(0°～17°).结论 白内障手术中植入AcrySofToric IOL可安全有效的矫正部分角膜散光提高患者术后的裸眼视力,并且未增加并发症的发生.     

角膜地形图指导白内障超声乳化摘除切口矫正原有散光的疗效分析

目的探讨在最高屈光度的子午线做白内障超声乳化切口联合对侧弧形角膜切开术对矫正白内障患者原有散光的疗效。方法23例（28只眼）术前散光（-1．50～-4．15D）的白内障患者在角膜地形图指导下，在最高屈光度的子午线做白内障超声乳化切口联合对侧弧形角膜切开术，分析术后的裸眼视力和矫正原有散光的效果。结果角膜地形图显示该术式可使术前（-2．36±1．25）D的散光降为术后3个月（-0．58±0．71）D的散光。结论最高屈光度子午线做白内障超声乳化切口联合弧形角膜切开术对原存有-1．50～-4．15D的散光矫正疗效好，该术式是屈光性白内障超声乳化术散光矫正较有效的术式。     

2.2 mm与2.75 mm切口超声乳化术后角膜散光变化的对比

目的 比较2.2 mm与2.75 mm透明角膜切口（CCI）白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光的变化.方法 前瞻性随机对照临床研究.将134例（167眼）白内障患者按掷硬币法随机分为2组：2.2 mm切口组57例（70眼）和2.75 mm切口组77例（97眼）,术前角膜散光＜0.50 D者,做正上方切口,角膜散光≥0.50 D者,在最高屈光力子午线上做切口.测量2组术前,术后1周、1个月和3个月的UCVA、BCVA、角膜散光度（CAD）及轴向（CAA）.比较分析2组间及组内不同时间点视力及角膜散光变化的差异.数据采用重复测量资料的方差分析、独立样本t检验、两样本Wilcoxon秩和检验、独立样本R×C列联表的x2检验进行分析.结果 2组术后CAD总体较术前明显降低.2.2 mm组术前为（0.73±0.43）D,术后3个月为（0.49±0.36）D （P＜0.01）;2.75 mm组术前为（0.87±0.57）D,术后3个月为（0.53±0.38）D（P＜0.01）.2.2 mm组术后1周CAD有短暂增高（P＜0.05）,术后1个月时下降至术前水平（P＞0.05）;而2.75 mm组术后1周与术前比较无明显变化（P＞0.05）,术后1个月时明显低于术前（P＜0.05）.2组之间CAD变化幅度比较差异无统计学意义.2组组内手术前后CAA总体构成比较差异无统计学意义,组间比较差异亦无统计学意义.结论 最高屈光力子午线上做CCI,2.2 mm及2.75 mm的切口均能矫正部分术前角膜散光,且矫正角膜散光的作用无明显差异.     

Foldable toric intraocular lens for astigmatism correction in cataract patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon) implantation to correct preexisting astigmatism in patients having cataract surgery. SETTING: Ophthalmology Service, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 30 eyes of 15 consecutive patients with more than 1.00 diopter (D) of preexisting corneal astigmatism having cataract surgery. Bilateral implantation of the AcrySof toric IOL was performed after phacoemulsification. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual refractive sphere, residual keratometric and refractive cylinders, and toric IOL axis were measured. RESULTS: The UCVA was 20/40 or better in 93.3% of eyes and 20/25 or better in 66.6%. All eyes achieved 20/25 or better BCVA. The mean refractive cylinder decreased significantly after surgery from -2.34 D +/- 1.28 (SD) to -0.72 +/- 0.43 D (P<.01). Vector analysis of attempted versus achieved correction showed that 100% of eyes were within +/-1.00 D and 80% and 93.9% were within +/-0.50 D for J(0) and J(45), respectively. The mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.63 +/- 3.11 degrees, with rotation less than 10 degrees in 96.7% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that phacoemulsification and posterior chamber AcrySof toric IOL implantation is an effective option to correct preexisting astigmatism in cataract surgery. The AcrySof toric IOL showed good rotational stability.     

Acrysof Toric人工晶状体植入矫正白内障术前角膜散光的短期观察

目的 评价超声乳化白内障吸除术中Acrysof Tofic人工晶状体(IOL)植入矫正白内障伴术前角膜散光的早期临床效果,及其有效性、安全性和预测性.方法 前瞻性病例系列研究.植入Acrysof Toric IOL的年龄相关性白内障患者60例(71只眼),观察其术前、术后的IogMAR裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、术前角膜散光、术后残留散光、术后残留球镜、IOL轴位等.术后残留散光根据柱镜轴向分为散光全矫,残留斜轴散光(45°/135°±30°),残留顺规散光(90°±15°),残留逆规散光(180°±15°),并收集各类散光组中散光为0.50～0.75 D者的裸眼远近视力.随访3个月.采用非参数检验秩和检验和Friedman检验等对数据进行统计学分析.结果 裸眼远视力中位数:术前为0.80;术后3个月为0.20.散光中位数:术前为2.02 D,术前预计残留散光为0.34 D,术后3个月为0.67 D.IOL术后1 d定位和预计轴位差值为1.58°±2.30°.3个月时旋转1.63°±1.83°,96%旋转小于5.00°.未发现一例手术并发症.裸眼近视力中位数:散光全矫组0.50,残留顺规散光组0.50,残留逆规散光组0.21,残留斜轴散光组0.30;裸眼远视力中位数:散光全矫组0.10;残留顺规散光组0.26;残留逆规散光组0.15.残留斜轴散光组0.20;非参数统计分析结果提示:裸眼远视力,残留逆规散光组与顺规散光组比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.00,P=0.000),而与斜轴散光组,散光全矫组之间的差异无统计学意义(t=0.49,P=0.623;t=2.00,P=0.061);裸眼近视力,逆规散光组最佳,而且与顺规散光组,斜轴散光组,散光全矫组的差异均具有统计学意义(t分别为6.95,2.60,6.52,P分别为0.000,0.011,0.000).结论 超声乳化白内障吸除术中Acrysof Toric IOL植入是一种有效、安全,可预测的矫正年龄相关性白内障伴术前角膜散光的方法.术后残留少量的逆规近视性散光可以在不明显影响裸眼远视力基础上获得较好的裸眼近视力.     

Intraoperative arcuate transverse keratotomy with phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of paired intraoperative arcuate transverse keratotomy at a 7-mm-diameter zone along with a 3.5-mm clear corneal phaco tunnel in the steeper axis to correct pre-existing astigmatism. METHODS: A prospective randomized case-control study was conducted on 34 eyes of 28 patients with immature senile cataract. They were divided into two groups; in one group (17 eyes) intraoperative arcuate keratotomy was coupled with phacoemulsification in the steeper meridian (arcuate keratotomy group; mean preoperative astigmatism 2.28 +/- 0.89 D) and the other group (17 eyes) phacoemulsification was performed in the steeper meridian without arcuate keratotomy (control group; mean preoperative astigmatism 2.04 +/- 0.50 D). The patients were examined at 1 day, and 1, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Correction of keratometric astigmatism, surgically induced refractive changes, magnitude and axis of cylinder, spherical equivalent refraction, with and against the wound change, and coupling ratio were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean reduction in keratometric astigmatism in the keratotomy group was 1.26 +/- 0.54 D (P = .0067) and in the control group was 0.48 +/- 0.60 D (P = .0423). The difference in reduction of keratometric astigmatism between the two groups was statistically significant (P = .0296). Surgically induced refractive change at 8 weeks follow-up was 2.15 +/- 1.13 D in the keratotomy group and 1.50 +/- 1.32 D in the control group (P = .046). Coupling ratio was -1.10 +/- 0.43 in the keratotomy group at 8 weeks after surgery while the control group was -0.82 +/- 0.38. CONCLUSION: A combination of intraoperative arcuate keratotomy with steep axis phacoemulsification incision is more effective than steep axis phacoemulsification incision alone in reducing pre-existing astigmatism.     

飞秒激光联合对称弧形角膜切口对白内障合并角膜散光患者的治疗效果

目的 评估飞秒激光联合对称弧形角膜切口对白内障合并角膜散光患者的治疗效果。方法 前瞻性研究。收集43例(57眼)白内障合并≥0.75 D角膜规则散光的患者,均行飞秒激光超声乳化白内障手术,术中同时采用对称弧形角膜切口矫正角膜散光。弧形切口设置在角膜直径中央8.0 mm处,深度为角膜厚度的85%,术中开口器分离弧形切口。术前及术后均采用Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统记录角膜散光。采用Alpins矢量法分析术后角膜散光变化,并分析散光类型、年龄与散光矫正效果的相关性。结果 术中及术后所有患者均未出现角膜穿透、上皮损伤、角膜上皮增生、切口感染等并发症。术前患眼角膜散光为(1.23±0.31)D,术后3个月患眼角膜散光下降到(0.85±0.34)D,差异有统计学意义(t=4.645,P=0.000)。对患者手术前后角膜散光的变化进行矢量分析,结果显示,目标诱导散光为0.80～2.10(1.23±0.31)D,手术诱导散光为0.00～1.80(0.68±0.45)D,差异向量为0.26～1.70(0.89±0.42)D,矫正指数为0.00～1.01(0.55±0.27),理想值为1,提示总体...     

角膜地形图联合裂隙灯水平光束标记法辅助中心孔后房散光型人工晶状体植入术矫正散光的矢量分析

目的　探讨采用Sirius角膜地形图联合裂隙灯水平光束标记法进行散光术前标记的效果分析,并应用Alpins矢量分析法分析散光矫正的效果。方法　选取郑州大学第一附属医院眼科92例（92眼）行中心孔后房散光型人工晶状体（TICL）植入术的中高度近视散光患者,患者术前标记先采用裂隙灯水平光束法进行初次标记,再使用Sirius角膜地形图的量角器功能对标记的准确性进行评估并矫正,标记完成后进行手术。术后随访3个月,观察并收集患者屈光数据指标,包括球镜度、柱镜度、散光轴向、等效球镜（SE）、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)等,并对各项指标进行统计分析。散光数据包括术后3个月目标矫正散光矢量（TIA）、手术矫正散光矢量（SIA）、差异矢量（DV）、算术误差（EM）和角度误差（EA）等,这些指标采用Alpins矢量分析法进行分析。结果　术后3个月时,患者术眼的球镜、柱镜、SE、安全性指数（术后3个月BCVA/术前BCVA）和有效性指数（术后3个月UCVA/术前BCVA）分别为(0.17±0.32)D、(-0.29±0.34)D、(0.03±0.37)D、1.06±0.12和1.05±0.13。矢量分析指标:术后3个月患者TIA、SIA、DV、EM和EA分别为1.33 D×5°、1.19 D×4°、0.16 D×15°、（-0.11±0.29）D和-1.26°±8.63°,其中16眼（17.4％）的EA为0°,46眼（50.0％）的EA在5°内,84眼（91.3％）的EA在15°之内。矫正指数为0.92±0.25,成功指数为0.31±0.21。结论　Sirius角膜地形图联合裂隙灯水平光束标记法是辅助TICL植入术矫正散光的一种有效方法。     

Limbal relaxing incisions to correct corneal astigmatism during phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of limbal relaxing incisions for the correction of corneal astigmatism during phacoemulsification. METHODS: Fifty eyes of 37 patients (mean age 66.5 years, range: 45 to 80 years) with cataract and coexisting topographic astigmatism were included in the study. Eyes were randomly divided into two groups: eyes that underwent cataract surgery with limbal relaxing incisions (cataract LRI group) and eyes that underwent cataract surgery only (control group). All limbal relaxing incisions were performed during phacoemulsification. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in BSCVA was seen in the cataract LRI eyes from 0.9 +/- 0.7 preoperatively to 0.1 +/- 0.1 at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P < .01). A statistically significant improvement in BSCVA was seen in control eyes from 0.8 +/- 0.6 before surgery to 0.2 +/- 0.2 at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery (P < .01). No difference in postoperative BSCVA was noted between the groups. A statistically significant reduction in the mean topographic astigmatism was seen in the cataract LRI eyes from 1.93 +/- 0.58 diopters (D) preoperatively to 1.02 +/- 0.60 D 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). The control eyes did not show a statistically significant change in topographic astigmatism. CONCLUSIONS: Limbal relaxing incisions performed during phacoemulsification surgery appear to be a safe, effective, and stable procedure to reduce pre-existing corneal astigmatism.     

The effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study was to evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on the corneal topography using a computerized corneal topography system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Computerized corneal topography was performed on 27 patients with primary pterygium before and after pterygium excision surgery. The topographical changes that occurred following surgery were evaluated using paired and unpaired two-tailed t-test and Pearson coefficient of correlation analyses. Simulated keratometric astigmatism at the central 3 mm and the total mean refractive powers of the whole cornea were measured before and after surgery. Following surgery, flattened or steepened corneal areas were determined. RESULTS: Simulated keratometric astigmatism at 3 mm was found to be 2.30 +/- 2.08 D (0.2 - 7.63) preoperatively and 0.82 +/- 0.74 D (0.06 - 2.79) postoperatively. The difference between these two values was statistically significant (t = -3.46, P = 0.002). Total mean refractive power of the whole cornea was found to be 42.26 +/- 0.63 (40.80 - 43.64) preoperatively and 43.69 +/- 0.88 (41.50 - 44.90) postoperatively and the difference was 1.42 +/- 0.87. There was a statistically significant high difference (t = 28.36, P < 0.001). When preoperative and postoperative corneal topographies were compared, the whole cornea was found steeper at the postoperative period except a little region in the superior nasal quadrant. CONCLUSION: We believe that corneal topographical changes caused by the pterygium are almost reversible after surgical treatment, and postoperatively the cornea becomes steeper.     

白内障患者手术前角膜散光分析

目的 分析白内障患者手术眼角膜散光的分布以及随年龄的变化情况.方法 测量白内障患者手术眼角膜水平轴和垂直轴的屈光度,计算角膜散光,对散光的分布进行统计分析.结果 4753只眼中,1502(31.6%)只眼无角膜散光;1816(38.2%)只眼角膜散光小于等于0.5D;1336(28.1%)只眼大于0.5D小于等于2.0D;99(2.1%)只眼大于2.0D.平均角膜散光(0.81±0.50)D.随着年龄增大,水平轴的角膜屈光度增加(P＜0.05),逆规性散光在角膜散光中所占比例增大(P＜0.05).结论 30.1%的白内障手术眼角膜散光在0.5D以上.随着年龄增长水平轴的角膜屈光度增加,角膜散光由顺规性散光向逆规性散光转变.     

2.2 mm透明角膜切口飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术术源性散光的临床研究

目的观察飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术中2.2 mm透明角膜切口引起的术源性散光（SIA）的影响因素。方法前瞻性研究。纳入2014年3月至2016年4月期间,在山西省眼科医院白内障一科行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化手术的患者84例（105眼）,测量并记录患者术前,术后1、3、6个月的裸眼视力（UCVA）,球镜度和角膜地形图数据。视力记录为logMAR视力,使用Alpins矢量分析法计算SIA。并从术后随访时间（术后1、3、6个月3个时间点）、晶状体核硬度（分Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级核3组）、角膜散光类型（分顺规组、逆规组、斜轴组）、眼别（左眼组、右眼组）4个方面分析SIA。符合正态性分布的数据的比较使用重复测量的方差分析。结果84例（105眼）患者UCVA术前为0.65±0.24,术后1、3、6个月为0.07±0.02、0.06±0.01、0.06±0.01;手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（F=321.14,P<0.01）;术后各时间点比较差异无统计学意义。术后1、3、6个月SIA分别为（0.28±0.11）D、（0.25±0.13）D、（0.24±0.10）D;3个时间点比较差异无统计学意义。按晶状体核硬度分组从时间上及组别间比较差异均无统计学意义;顺规组、逆规组、斜轴组3组从时间上及组别间比较差异均无统计学意义;右眼组与左眼组从时间上及组别间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论2.2 mm透明角膜切口飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化术后SIA稳定,术后UCVA显著提高,且SIA与UCVA于术后1个月趋于稳定。     

Toric人工晶状体植入矫正特殊角膜散光的疗效观察

目的：回顾分析Toric(环曲面)人工晶状体植入治疗合并特殊角膜散光的白内障患者的临床治疗效果。

方法：对10例12眼合并特殊角膜散光的白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸出及人工晶状体植入术治疗,进行回顾性分析。其中4眼为翼状胬肉切除术后,3眼为外伤后角膜散光,5眼为角膜云翳或斑翳患者。术后随访6mo,分析不同时间点裸眼视力、术后残余散光、并发症等,观察Toric人工晶状体植入后的疗效,旋转稳定性。

结果：术后随访观察6mo,术后裸眼视力平均0.62±0.31,最佳矫正视力0.70±0.35。裸眼视力≥0.8者2眼,占17%。裸眼视力≥0.5者9眼,占75%。术后残余散光0.51±0.36D。术后角膜源性散光未见明显改变,全眼总合散光得到明显改善,差异有统计学意义。术后全眼总合散光与术前预计残余散光值接近,无显著性差异。术后6mo旋转度为(3.80±1.46)°。末次随访时间点,植入Toric人工晶状体的12眼中,旋转度小于5°的11眼,占92%。仅1例术后旋转度为6°。

结论：对于某些特殊原因导致角膜散光的白内障患者,经过严格的手术前筛选,行白内障超声乳化吸出联合Toric人工晶状体植入,能够安全、有效的改善患者的散光,提高术后视觉质量,预测性好。     

Refractive astigmatism after oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract incision.

PURPOSE: To determine the astigmatic effect of a supero-oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification cataract incision. SETTING: A university-based general ophthalmology practice. METHODS: All eyes having supero-oblique phacoemulsification cataract surgery using the right hand of a single surgeon between April 17, 1997, and July 24, 1997, were prospectively included. There were 52 eyes of 52 consecutive patients. Manifest refraction was performed preoperatively and 1, 3, and at least 6 months postoperatively. A Fourier method of vector analysis was used. RESULTS: Mean refractive error (Fourier corrected) for all eyes and all ages preoperatively was -1.422 + 0.085 x 35.85. At 6 months, it was -0.620 + 0.190 x 14.2. There was little difference between right and left eyes. Patients older than 80 years had greater induced astigmatism. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that making a supero-oblique clear corneal phacoemulsification incision while sitting in the more natural superior position does not induce a clinically important amount of oblique astigmatism.     

白内障术中植入AcrySof Toric人工晶状体矫正角膜散光观察

目的 评价白内障手术中植入AcrySof(R) Toric散光型人工晶状体矫正角膜散光的效果及在囊袋内的稳定性.方法 对43例(48只眼)伴有角膜规则散光的白内障患者,采用颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化术,植入AcrySof(R) Toric折叠式散光型人工晶状体.观察术前、术后裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力;术前预计残余散光、术后残余散光;术前及术后主观验光散光值;术前及术后角膜散光;术后人工晶状体在囊袋的旋转度,并进行统计分析.结果 术后裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力较术前均明显提高.主观验光散光值术前为(2.25±0.79)D、术后为(0.21±0.24)D,两者差异有统计学意义;术前预计残余散光(0.19±0.22)D;术后残余散光(0.20±0.21)D,差异无统计学意义;术前角膜散光(2.15±0.76)D、术后角膜散光(1.98±0.67)D,两者统计学无显著性差异;术后 6个月内最大偏差,除一例偏差＞15°达25°,进行了二次手术轴位调整;另有3只眼(6.3 %)旋转＞ 10°外,其余 41只眼(85.4%)旋转＜ 5° .结论 在白内障手术中植入AcrySof(R) Toric散光人工晶状体可使患者获得更好的裸眼远视力,减少了患者的残余散光,并且该晶体具有良好的旋转稳定性,是一种有效的、预测性强的矫正角膜规则散光的治疗方法,具有一定的推广前景.