正常血压糖耐量低减患者尿白蛋白排出率相关因素分析

对２１７例正常血压糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患者及１６０例下沉人尿白蛋白排出率９ＵＡＥＲ）进行了测定,且应用多元逐步回归分析法对下沉血压ＩＧＴ患者ＵＡＥＲ可能的危险因素进行了探讨。结果显示ＩＧＴ患者ＵＡＥＲ明显高于正常对照组,且ＩＧＴ２的收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、体质指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰臀比值（ＷＨＲ）及血清服糖后２ｈ胰岛素均明显高于对照组,而胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）明显低于正常对照组。多元逐步     

基因突变检测方法进展

直接基因突变的研究是近年来国内外生物医学研究领域中最热门的内容之一。本介绍了一些基因突变检测方法，包括筛选未知突变的方法ＲＮａｓｅ，ＳＳＣＰ，ＤＧＧＥ（ＣＤＧＥ、ＴＧＧＥ、ＴＳＧＥ）、ＣＣＭ、ＨＥＴ、ＣＯＩ、ＤＳ法及诊断已知突变的方法如杂交法、扩增法（ＡＲＭＳ、ＲＦＬＰ、ＰＣＲ、ＬＣＲ）及ＭＲＥＣ法。这些方法各有长短，然而数种技术的巧妙组合可能取长补短，形成一个完整的基因突变检测系统。     

上海地区正常成人瞬态诱发耳声发射测试

目的了解上海地区正常成年人瞬态诱发耳声发射（ＴＥＯＡＥ）的基本特点及影响测试结果的因素。方法采用耳声发射分析仪Ｃｅｌｅｓｔａ５０３对１２０名上海地区正常成年人进行ＴＥＯＡＥ测试。结果由８０ｄＢＳＰＬ短声非线性方式诱发的ＴＥＯＡＥ检出率为１００％,平均幅值９．８１±４．３２ｄＢＳＰＬ（ｘ±ｓ）;６０ｄＢＳＰＬ短声线性方式诱发的检出率为９１％,平均幅值６．７１±４．５１ｄＢＳＰＬ（ｘ±ｓ）;６０ｄＢＳＰＬ短声非线性方式诱发的检出率为８９％,平均幅值５．３８±４．２３ｄＢＳＰＬ（ｘ±ｓ）。频谱范围分布在０．５～５ＫＨｚ之间,１～２ＫＨｚ范围的反应幅值和检出率最高。测试耗时平均２．４分钟。结论ＴＥＯＡＥ具有快速、灵敏、客观等特点。对于高刺激声（８０ｄＢＳＰＬ）正常人均能够引出ＴＥＯＡＥ,正常引出ＴＥＯＡＥ还与探头的放置、刺激声的强度和性质、叠加次数、测试环境等因素有关。     

库尔特MD10血球计数仪改MD18的方法

１软件库尔特ＭＤ１０（Ｅ版本）在一张高密小盘上载有：（１）ＤＯＳ５．０系统文件５个：ＩＯ．ＳＹＳ、ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ．ＳＹＳ、ＣＯＭＭＡＮＤ．ＣＯＭ、ＨＩＭＥＭ．ＳＹＳ、ＲＡＭ－ＤＲＩＶＥＲ·ＳＹＳ。其中前三个文件是ＤＯＳ的核心，完成操作系统的基本功能；ＨＩＭＥＭ．ＳＹＳ可以提供上位内存，ＲＡＭＤＲＩＶＥＲ．ＳＹＳ可用建立一个虚拟盘。（２）系统配置、自动批处理文件各１个：ＣＯＮ－ＦＩＧ．ＳＹＳ、ＡＵＴＯＥＸＥＣ．ＢＡＴ。前者为程序的运行提供运行环境，包括用ＨＩＭＥＭ．ＳＹＳ开辟上位内存和用ＲＡＭＤＲＩ…     

硒和维生素E不足对大鼠血液流变学影响初探

本实验研究了硒（Ｓｅ）和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）对大鼠血液流变学、血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的影响。结果表明，饲以低Ｓｅ和低ＶＥ粮大鼠红细胞变形性、ＰＧＩ２水平降低，红细胞压积、红细胞聚集性、红细胞聚集指数、ＴＸＡ２水平、ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２比值升高，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力降低，脂质过氧化物含量增高。补充Ｓｅ或ＶＥ及Ｓｅ＋ＶＥ对纠正上述变化有相似而又不尽相同的效果，以联合补充效果好。结果提示，Ｓｅ和ＶＥ不足可能通过两个途径：（１）间接途径─—花生四烯酸代谢产物ＴＸＡ２、ＰＧＩｅ水平；（２）直接途径──Ｓｐｅｃｔｒｉｎ与红细胞变形性，影响血液流变性能及微循环功能，可能参与缺血缺氧性心肌损害的发病环节。     

DX数字减影DGTEST程序的应用

ＤＧＴＥＳＴ是一种用于诊断美国ＧＥ公司数字减影ＤＸＨＩＬＩＮＥＶＤＰ（视频数字处理）硬件系统的检测程序,由ＰＡＳＣＡＬ语言写成,其主要性能有：１．在ＤＸ系统控制台或遥控台上独立对ＶＤＰ进行硬件测试;２．提供故障诊断在线帮助;３．ＶＤＰ硬件软件仿真等命令工具要运行ＤＧＴＥＳＴ程序,必须预先在ＤＸＨＩ－ＬＩＮＥ系统的软驱里安放一张引导磁盘,在ＶＥＲ－ＳＡＤＯＳ操作系统下“＝”产生后键入ＤＧＴＥＳＴ且回车,ＤＸ系统控制台对话监视器上就显示出如下的诊断主菜单：ＭＡＩＮＴＥＳＴＭＥＮＵ１—ＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＴ…     

高原红细胞增多症的左心功能改变

为观察高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）的左心功能改变情况，应用心阻抗图和心机械图对２１例高原红细胞增多症患者进行了心泵功能和左室收缩功能的测定，并以２４名高原健康人（ＨＡＨＲ）作对照，结果显示患者的心搏指数（ＳＩ）、心指数（ＣＩ）下降，ＨＡＰＣ及ＨＡＨＲ的ＳＩ分别为３１．６６±８．０６及４１．８６±１０．２６ｍｌ·ｍ－２，ＣＩ分别为２．６８±０．６７及３．４１±０．８０Ｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２，均Ｐ＜０．０５。ＨＡＰＣ的射血前期（ＰＥＰ）及等容收缩期（ＩＣＴ）延长，ＰＥＰ分别为１１２．００±９．４２及１０２．００±１４．４２，Ｐ＜０．０５，ＩＣＴ分别为４２．５２±１２．１０及３１．８３±１３．４０，Ｐ＜０．０１，ＰＥＰ与左室射血时间比值（ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ）增大（分别为０．４０±０．０５及０．３５±０．０４，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示，高原红细胞增多症患者的心功能减退，认为与其心肌缺氧和后负荷过重有关。     

荧光原位杂交在胚胎移植前遗传诊断中的应用

本文综述了在ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ治疗中，ＦＩＳＨ方法在胚胎移植前遗传诊断中的应用。包括胚活检，在活检卵裂球中，ＦＩＳＨ的方法，ＦＩＳＨ在移植前性别诊断的应用，在非整倍体诊断和染色体易位诊断中的应用，ＦＩＳＨ与ＰＣＲ方法折比较，ＦＩＳＨ用于移植前诊断的局限性。     

SOMATOM DRH COLLIMATOR故障检修

故障现象系统进入ＭＳＯ复位或调用扫描模式(如ＭＯＤ/ＴＯＭ2)后,进行ＯＦＦＳＥＴＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴ时,出现错误码ＣＮ0024:-ＴＩＭＥＯＵＴ-ＤＩＡＰＨＲＡＧＭＯＲＦＩＬＴＥＲＣＡＮＮＯＴＢＥＡＤＪＵＳＴＥＤＩＮＴＨＥＧＩＶＥＮＴＩＭＥ。原理分析此处ＤＩＡＰＨＲＡＧＭ指准直器,分Ｘ线管侧和探测器侧两种,Ｘ线管侧准直器可大幅度减少散射线并决定扫描层厚,探测器侧准直器用于减少散射线,并限制切层厚度,当在控制台(ＤＭＣ)上按下ＲＥＳＥＴ键或调用扫描模式后,模式选中各有关参数(如ｋＶ、ｍＡｓ、投影数等),此处为“层厚”…     

硒对高胆固醇血症家兔血液流变性的影响

对高胆固醇血症家兔应用硒（Ｓｅ）后血液流变性、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）进行观察。发现Ｓｅ可不同程度降低高胆固醇家兔红细胞压积和红细胞聚集性,增加红细胞变形性,降低血清ＬＰＯ含量、ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２比值和ＴＸＡ２水平,提高ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＳＯＤ活力和ＰＧＩ２水平。提示Ｓｅ有降低血液粘稠度作用     

心脏储备指标在平板运动试验假阴性患者中的诊断价值

目的探讨运动心力检测仪心音图中心脏储备指标在平板运动试验假阴性患者中的诊断价值。方法选取410例平板运动试验阴性并行冠状动脉造影检查(CAG)的患者,根据CAG检查结果分为冠状动脉造影阴性、阳性、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后3组,对3组平板运动试验前、后心脏储备指标进行分析。结果 3组在行平板运动试验前静息状态下,心率、第一心音(S1)幅值与第二心音(S2)幅值的比值(S1/S2)、舒张期时限(D)与收缩期时限(S)的比值(D/S)比较,差异均无统计学意义。平板运动试验后心率、D/S、S1/S2(运动后-前)、心肌收缩能力储备指数(CCRI)及EF值比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运动心力检测仪心脏储备指标可作为平板运动试验的有效补充,联合检查可提高冠心病的诊断能力。     

运动心力监测仪在运动员心脏功能评估中的应用

目的:用运动心力监测仪以无创的方法获取长期从事体育锻炼者的心力储备方面的有关信息。方法:受试者完成规定的运动量,把不同负荷下运动后第一心音（S1）幅值对安静时S1幅值增加的相应倍数定义为心力变化趋势（cardac　contractility　change　trend,CCCT）。结果:体育系学生和普通系学生心力数据间有非常显著的差异,而心率数据间没有明著的差异。结论:体育系学生高水平的心力变化趋势主要来自心肌收缩能力储备而不是心率储备。运动心力监测仪能在体育运动现场监测心力,该方法可用来量度心肌收缩能力和评估运动员和一般人的心力储备,为运动员选拔、训练安排、竞赛安排以及一般人体质评估提供一种客观量化的参考指标。     

Cardiovascular effects of an exercise program: a controlled study among firemen

Twenty-seven firemen were divided into three groups. Group a performed one hour of unsupervised exercise three to four times per week. Group C performed similar but supervised exercise, and group B had no exercise program. After 12 weeks group A showed an average increase of 19% in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max); group C, an average increase of 20%; and group B, an average decrease of 2%. One-minute postalarm heart rates showed a correlation with VO2 max (p = 15). A serious cardiac arrhythmia was found in the oldest fireman. Careful physical screening followed by an on-the-job exercise program increases aerobic reserve. We suggest that postalarm tachycardia is dampened. This may lessen the risk of heart disease occurring in the postalarm period.     

Alterations of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins and serum fatty acids after 12 week moderate exercise training in sedentary Thai women

The potential benefit of aerobic exercise upon cardiovascular disease (CVD) through an increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is acknowledged. However, its effects on low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and their subpopulations, are unknown in Thailand. Twenty sedentary Thai women undertook a 12-week exercise training program (60% heart rate reserve) comprising 25-minute cycling followed by 10-minute warm-up/cool-down 3 times a week with a group of 20 matched sedentary subjects as control. Triacylglycerols (TGs) and cholesterol (C) of plasma lipoproteins including triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), large, buoyant LDL (lb-LDL), small, dense LDL (sd-LDL) and HDLs were analyzed while serum fatty acid profiles were also assessed. It was found that plasma TGs, TRL-TGs, sd-LDL-C and sd-LDL-C/lb-LDL-C (S/L) ratio decreased significantly after 12-weeks of exercise to -9%, -8%, -17% and -19% respectively from baseline (p < 0.05). Serum fatty acid profiles remained unchanged. No alteration of any parameters was found in the control group without exercise. These findings suggest that moderate exercise training, even without a change of HDLs, impedes the shift of lb-LDL to more atherogenic sd-LDL, thus possibly preventing cardiovascular disease in healthy, sedentary Thai women.     

Sleep following intense physical exercise stabilizes motor learning in typically developing boys

There is compelling evidence that sleep (N2, REM sleep, but also N3) supports the consolidation of motor memory in adults. Although children express higher levels of REM sleep and N3, it is still not understood why sleep does not benefit the consolidation of motor memory in children as in adults. Here, we aimed to manipulate sleep by daytime physical exercise in typically developing boys (N = 12; range 9–12 yrs) to test the impact on sleep and motor learning. The manipulation consisted of 1 h of intense ergometer exercise during the daytime before a night of restorative sleep. In a rest control condition, children were seated comfortably and listened to an audio drama. Motor learning was assessed with a visuomotor finger sequence tapping task; in both conditions learning took place before either exercise or rest. Prior to sleep in the sleep laboratory, motor memory was assessed as a baseline. Motor memory was again collected in the morning after a night of sleep in the lab. While there was no change in N3, we found prolonged REM sleep latency after physical activity compared to rest, corresponding to a prolonged first sleep cycle. With respect to motor learning, we found superior accuracy of motor performance after physical exercise compared to rest. Our findings suggest that physical exercise during the daytime stabilizes sleep-dependent motor learning.     

Vitamin A deficiency increases noise susceptibility in guinea pigs

The effect of vitamin A deficiency in guinea pigs on noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) was evaluated after short (15 min) acoustic overstimulation with a moderate (90 dB) broad-band white noise. Some guinea pigs were fed ad libitum a purified diet deficient in vitamin A (VAD group) until biochemical signs of deficiency occurred. A second, control group (VA group) received the same diet as well as 100 IU vitamin A daily by pharyngeal tube. Cochlear potentials were recorded by special computerized equipment using implanted electrodes. Before acoustic stimulation, a baseline value was determined with a test stimulus [90 dBA (A-filter according to usual DIN instructions)] corresponding to that for TTS measurements. Noise-induced changes were determined by calculating the changes in latency and amplitude of the N1-signal of the compound action potential (CAP) at various times (1, 3, 5, 7, 11 min) after termination of acoustic stimulation in comparison with baseline values. Statistical analysis of the CAP data showed that the VAD group had significantly smaller amplitudes and increased latency of the N1-potential after acoustic stimulation and that the VA group did not show a significant change in amplitude or latency. The reduction in N1-amplitude and N1-latency in the VAD group reflects changes in inner ear hair cell activity. We conclude that vitamin A deficiency increases the sensitivity of the inner ear to noise and that this increased sensitivity increases the probability of noise-induced hearing loss.     

孕妇心脏安全性评估新指标的探索

目的:探索孕产妇心脏安全性评估的新指标。方法:39名孕妇志愿纳入该研究。基于数字心音信号处理技术,测量、计算和分析孕妇的舒张期时限对收缩期时限的比值(D/S),把D/S比值分为5级:Ⅰ级≥1.5;Ⅱ级:1.49~1.40;Ⅲ级:1.39~1.30;Ⅳ级:1.29~1.20;Ⅴ级:<1.2。用该指标来评估舒张期心脏自身供血时间是否充足,并观察和记录在关注期间内出现的产科事件。结果:舒张期时限对收缩期时限的比值随孕周增加而变小;<32孕周组的D/S为1.39±0.40,32~39孕周组的D/S为1.25±0.44,各组间D/S值比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。D/S比值≥1.5者9例,而D/S比值<1.5者30例。这是一个不利于孕妇心脏健康的变化。其中有1例D/S非常低(0.59)的孕妇,D/S比值在Ⅴ级,在剖宫产手术准备中死亡。结论:在孕妇保健工作中应该对D/S比值给予充分的重视,应当关注孕期D/S比值降低程度与孕妇和胎儿预后的关系以及产后D/S恢复至≥1.5的速度和程度。该项研究所用的方法客观、简单、费用低、快速并且安全。     

Moderate exercise improves antibody response to influenza immunization in older adults

Influenza vaccine efficacy is reduced among adults over age 65 and a significant number of vaccinated elderly may remain susceptible to influenza virus infection. The effect of moderate exercise training on the immune response to influenza immunization was evaluated in this study. Twenty-seven adults >or=age 64 were assigned to an exercise group (n= 14) or a control group (n = 13). The subjects exercised at 65-75% heart rate reserve (HRR), 25-30 min, 3 days per week, for 10 months. Controls did not change activity. Subjects were immunized with trivalent influenza vaccine before and after the exercise intervention. After the exercise intervention, exercisers exhibited a greater mean fold increase (MFI) in antibody titer to influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) and A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) than controls, and a greater Granzyme B activity to A/Panama/2007/99 than controls. These findings suggest that exercise may enhance the mean fold increase in antibody titer in response to influenza immunization if the influenza antigen was contained in the previous year's vaccine.     

Effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity and long-duration low-intensity exercise on insulin resistance and adiponectin/leptin ratio

ObjectivesModerate-intensity exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may depend on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise. We examined the effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity exercise (HIE) and long-duration lowintensity exercise (LIE) on insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin/leptin ratio in individuals with different body mass indices (BMIs) who do not exercise regularly.MethodsWe enrolled 42 healthy volunteers aged 20–64 years and divided them into two groups based on BMI: BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m². They were randomly assigned to either the short-duration (20 min) HIE (70%–80% heart rate reserve, HRR) or long-duration (60 min) LIE training groups (30%–40% HRR). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were assessed before training and at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after training.ResultsWe finally analyzed 27 normal weight and 9 obese individuals. No significant differences were observed in the baseline information of both BMI groups. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance significantly improved for both exercise patterns in the normal weight group and for the HIE pattern in the obese group (P < 0.01), whereas the adiponectin/leptin ratio increased significantly only among normal weight participants with the LIE intervention.ConclusionBoth exercise patterns in BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m² benefit on insulin resistance. Therefore, people can choose the way they can fit to improve insulin resistance both short-duration high-intensity exercise and long-duration low-intensity exercise.     

Acute effects of cigarette smoking on the heart rate variability of taxi drivers during work

OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to clarify the acute effects of cigarette smoking on autonomic nervous function among taxi drivers under ordinary work conditions. METHODS: Holter electrocardiographic recordings from 20 healthy middle-aged taxi drivers were analyzed for the time from 0800 in the morning to 0159 at night. The amplitudes (milliseconds) of the high-frequency (HF) component and the ratio of the low-frequency component to HF (LF/HF) were calculated as changes in the R-R interval, and time-course changes were investigated by a complex demodulation method. The exact starting time of smoking was identified with the use of a specially designed cigarette lighter. The mean LF/HF and HF for 5 minutes immediately prior to smoking were calculated as the baseline, and the means for every 5 minutes up to 15 minutes were calculated. The average values of these parameters for all of the cigarette smoking within the same time span of 0800-1659 and 1700-0159 were also determined. RESULTS: The LF/HF significantly increased (P<0.05) within 5 minutes from the baseline immediately after smoking. This significant change in LF/HF was observed only at night. Although the interactive effect of the time of day on time course changes was not significant for the LF/HF or HF, the reactivity to increase LF/HF and decrease HF was more prominent at night. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking significantly increased LF/HF within 5 minutes during ordinary taxi driving. Nighttime smoking seemed to have a more potent acute effect on the cardiac modulation of taxi drivers than in the daytime. The sympathomimetic and parasympatho-withdrawal response of smoking may play an additional role in increasing cardiac risk among taxi drivers.