彩色多普勒超声在老年糖尿病患者足背动脉病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对老年糖尿病患者足背动脉病变的诊断价值.方法对60例非糖尿病者和90例2型糖尿病患者应用7.5～12 MHz探头彩色多普勒超声检测其血管内径,峰值流速、血流量、谱宽度等血流动力学指标以及粥样斑块、狭窄、闭塞等病理改变.结果2D超声显示糖尿病患者足背动脉的管壁增厚,伴管腔动脉粥样斑块、管腔狭窄及部分闭塞,彩色多普勒显示病变血管有不同程度的远端血流减慢;糖尿病病人病程超过4年时发生足背动脉病变的病例数明显增多.结论彩色多普勒超声结合频谱检测可以判断糖尿病患者足背动脉狭窄或闭塞的程度.     

颈动脉彩色超声联合经颅多普勒检测早期评估糖耐量异常患者颈部及脑动脉血管的价值

目的探讨联合颈动脉彩色超声及经颅多普勒的检测结果早期评估糖耐量异常患者颈部及脑动脉血管情况的临床价值。方法对40例糖耐量异常的患者使用颈动脉彩色超声(CDFI)测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度,观察管腔是否有斑块、斑块性质、管腔是否狭窄闭塞、狭窄的程度及血流动力学变化。使用经颅多普勒(TCD)检查脑动脉收缩峰和舒张末期血流速度以及搏动指数,所有数据进行回顾性分析,并与40例健康对照组的检查结果进行比较。结果通过CDFI检查糖耐量异常组(IGT组)内中膜增厚人数及IMT值较糖耐量正常组(NGT组)均明显增高(P<0.01);通过TCD检查IGT组脑血管发生病变、血流速度及PI值均高于NGT组(P<0.05)。结论 CDFI联合TCD检查发现糖耐量异常患者早期已出现脑动脉的血流速度、搏动指数改变、颈动脉内中膜增厚,使用两种无创检查动态监测病变患者脑血管血流动力学变化,对于指导临床治疗、预防缺血性脑卒中的发生均具有重要的临床价值。     

腔隙性脑梗塞与颈动脉粥样硬化及脑血流关系的超声检查研究

为观察腔隙性脑梗塞的病因及发病机理，作者用超声彩色多普勒检测了２６例腔梗患者双侧颈动脉管壁、管腔及血流速度，用经颅多普勒超声检测患者脑血流速度，发现患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率甚高，脑血流速度明显下降。颈动脉斑块脱落，形成微栓塞，很可能是我们这组大多数...     

腔隙性脑梗塞患者颈动脉B超与颅底大动脉TCD检查结果分析

目的:探索腔隙性脑梗塞患者的颅底大动脉病变情况.方法:对99例腔隙性脑梗塞患者行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声(B超)检查和(或)颅底动脉经颅多普勒(TCD)检查.结果:60例行颈动脉B超检查者中有颈动脉粥样硬化38例(63.33%),斑块形成29例(48.33%),管腔狭窄10例(16.67%),颈动脉B超总异常率达63.33%.93例行颅底动脉TCD检查者中发现有颈动脉系统与椎基动脉系统狭窄和(或)供血不足56例(60.22%).结论:腔隙性脑梗塞患者的颅底大动脉病变发生率较高,应重视临床干预     

彩色多普勒超声诊断颈动脉狭窄205例分析

目的探讨颈动脉狭窄的彩色多普勒超声声像特征。方法对205例颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉超声检查,观察斑块的部位、形态、大小及回声特征,计算管腔狭窄程度及血流指数。结果 205例颈动脉狭窄患者,二维超声发现300支颈动脉IMT增厚,200支伴有斑块形成,彩色多普勒超声发现所有颈动脉狭窄患者收缩期及舒张末期流速均显著性增高。结论彩色多普勒超声能准确地判定颈动脉狭窄程度及狭窄位置,可作为颈动脉管壁病变的一种优良检查手段,为临床提供可靠诊断依据,也能作为治疗后随访手段。     

实时三维超声血管斑块定量分析技术检测颈动脉斑块特征的临床价值

目的探讨实时三维超声血管斑块定量分析(VPQ)技术在评价颈动脉斑块所致血管狭窄程度中的临床应用价值。方法选取102例颈动脉斑块患者共130处颈动脉斑块,应用实时三维超声VPQ技术测定颈动脉内中膜厚度、最窄处斑块厚度、面积狭窄率、标化壁指数(NWI)及斑块回声强度,根据局部面积狭窄率判定颈动脉狭窄程度,并与CTA所测颈动脉狭窄程度进行对照。结果实时三维超声VPQ测得颈动脉局部管腔轻度狭窄15处、中度狭窄78处,重度狭窄37处;CTA测得颈动脉局部管腔轻度狭窄11处,中度狭窄71处,重度狭窄48处。实时三维超声与CTA对颈动脉斑块所致管腔狭窄程度的一致性检验为Kappa=0.765;实时三维超声VPQ技术测得颈动脉不同狭窄程度者间NWI值两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),其余参数比较差异均无统计学意义。结论实时三维超声VPQ分析技术能够准确测定颈动脉斑块所致血管狭窄程度,并可对相关指标进行量化分析,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

高低频联合超声与CTA对椎动脉颅外段病变诊断的对比研究

目的探讨高低频联合超声对椎动脉颅外段病变的诊断价值,并与CT血管造影术(CTA)的检测结果进行对比分析。方法对83例患者166支椎动脉行超声和CTA检查,结果进行Kappa检验检测其一致性。结果高低频联合超声检出正常椎动脉31支,单纯走行迂曲4支,有细小斑块68支,血管狭窄42支,完全闭塞21支,其中伴有走行迂曲64支;CTA检查示正常椎动脉23支,单纯走行迂曲3支,有细小斑块78支,血管狭窄46支,完全闭塞16支,其中伴有走行迂曲65支。Kappa检验示超声与CTA对椎动脉病变的检测一致性较好(K=0.754)。彩色多普勒血流成像诊断管腔轻度狭窄19支,中度狭窄11支,重度狭窄12支,闭塞21支;CTA诊断轻度狭窄22支,中度狭窄8支,重度狭窄16支,闭塞16支,正常1支。Kappa检验示超声与CTA对不同程度的椎动脉病变检测一致性较好(K=0.768)。结论高低频联合超声诊断椎动脉病变方法简便,准确性较高,可作为椎动脉病变的重要诊断手段。     

动脉硬化闭塞症血管狭窄手术前的超声评估

目的 探讨动脉硬化闭塞症狭窄程度的超声评估及对手术治疗的应用。方法 对102例患者双侧血管术前进行准确的超声检测。用二维及彩色多普勒图像显示的管壁结构。管腔内回声,配合彩色血流测量管腔内外径,进行频谱分析。结果 轻度狭窄管腔内径小于外径的2/3,血流速度增快,中度狭窄管腔内径小于外径的1/2,血流速度增快不明显,重度狭窄管腔内径小于外径的1/3,血流速度明显降低。闭塞时管腔内径小于1mm无血流通过,结论 超声对临床手术方式选择及对术后检查有重要价值。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗塞关系的研究

目的：颈动脉粥样硬化是引起缺血性脑卒中的重要原因。粥样硬化斑块形成是动脉粥样硬化的明显特征。它反映动脉粥样硬化的程度。我们采用彩色超声对100例经CT确诊为脑梗塞患者进行颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗塞发生关系的探讨。对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发部位，斑块大小、形态、性质，回声强度进行观测。测量颈部动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT），管腔宽度，是否狭窄及其程度，运用彩色多普勒观察整个管腔的血流动力学情况。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者血流动力学及血压变异性与颈动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性研究

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者血流动力学及血压变异性与颈动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性。方法选取TIA患者180例,按颈动脉狭窄程度分为对照组(n=80)、轻度狭窄组(n=36)、中度狭窄组(n=34)、重度狭窄组(n=30)。分析血流动力学、血压变异性与颈动脉狭窄严重程度的关系。结果轻、中度狭窄组收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张期峰值血流速度(EDV)、平均血流速度(MV)水平显著低于对照组,搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)指标显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);重度狭窄组PSV、EDV、MV水平显著低于轻、中度狭窄组,PI、RI水平显著高于轻、中度狭窄组(P 0. 05)。轻、中度狭窄组24 h收缩压标准差(24 h SSD)、24 h舒张压标准差(24 h DSD)、昼间收缩压标准差(dSSD)、昼间舒张压标准差(dDSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)指标水平显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);中、重度狭窄组上述指标水平显著高于轻度狭窄组(P 0. 05);重度狭窄组上述指标水平显著高于中度狭窄组(P 0. 05)。4组夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)指标水平无显著差异(P 0. 05)。轻、中度狭窄组杓型节律患者比例显著低于对照组,非杓型节律患者比例显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);重度狭窄组杓型节律患者比例显著低于轻、中度狭窄组,非杓型节律患者比例显著高于轻、中度狭窄组(P 0. 05); 4组超杓型与反杓型患者比例无显著差异(P 0. 05)。轻、中度狭窄组颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)值及斑块总发生率、总积分均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);重度狭窄组颈动脉IMT值及斑块总发生率、总积分显著高于轻、中度狭窄组(P 0. 05)。轻、中度狭窄组平均脑血流量显著低于对照组,颅内段血管狭窄、椎基底动脉狭窄、锁骨下动脉盗血综合征、颅外段经动脉闭塞总检出率显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);重度狭窄组平均脑血流量显著低于轻、中度狭窄组,总检出率显著高于轻、中度狭窄组(P 0. 05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,颈动脉狭窄程度与PSV、EDV、MV、24 h SSD、24 h DSD、d SSD、d DSD、n SSD呈显著相关性(P 0. 05),与PI、RI呈显著负相关(P 0. 05)。结论血流动力学、血压变异性、斑块变化情况以及平均脑血流量与颈动脉狭窄的严重程度有关,对诊断短暂性脑缺血发作具有十分重要的指导意义。     

TIA早期转化为脑梗死的血管因素分析

目的探讨颅内血管狭窄与短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）1周内转化为脑梗死的关系。方法临床收集121例TIA患者,观察患者住院1周内转化为脑梗死的百分率。查颅脑磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）判断患者有无新鲜脑梗死,采用头颈CT血管造影（CTA）方法,检查所有患者颅内血管狭窄程度,分析颅内血管狭窄程度、部位、数量与TIA进展为脑梗死的关系。结果 121例TIA患者中,35例在发病1周内发生脑梗死（28.9%进展为脑梗死）。79例患者存在颅内血管狭窄,其中轻度狭窄36例、中度狭窄29例、重度狭窄14例。TIA后脑梗死的发生率与颅内动脉狭窄程度呈正相关（P〈0.01）,与颅内动脉责任血管狭窄、近端血管狭窄显著相关（P〈0.01）,多发脑血管狭窄导致TIA早期脑梗死的发生率明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论颅内血管狭窄是TIA早期转化为脑梗死的独立危险因素,颅内血管检查有助于TIA患者早期转化为脑梗死的风险评估。     

Cerebral Hemodynamics during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: The Effect of Carotid Stenosis

Carotid stenosis is a frequent coexisting condition in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The impact of carotid stenosis on cerebral perfusion is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of carotid stenosis on cerebral blood flow velocity in patients undergoing CABG. Seventy-three patients undergoing CABG were prospectively recruited and underwent preoperative Duplex carotid ultrasound to evaluate the degree of carotid stenosis. Intraoperatively, transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to record the mean flow velocity (MFV) within the bilateral middle cerebral arteries. In addition, during the period of cardiopulmonary bypass, regulators of cerebral hemodynamics such as hematocrit, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and temperature were recorded. The ipsilateral middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity was compared in arteries with and without carotid stenosis using a repeated measures analysis. Seventy-three patients underwent intraoperative monitoring during CABG and 30% (n = 22) had carotid stenosis. Overall, MFV rose throughout the duration of CABG including when the patient was on cardiopulmonary bypass. However, there was no significant MFV difference between those arteries with and without stenosis (F = 1.2, p = .21). Further analysis during cardiopulmonary bypass, demonstrated that hemodilution and partial pressure of carbon dioxide may play a role in cerebral autoregulation during CABG. Carotid stenosis did not impact mean cerebral blood flow velocity during CABG. The cerebrovascular regulatory process appears to be largely intact during CABG.     

经颅多普勒超声对经皮颈动脉血管成形术和血管内支架术的脑血流及栓子的监测

目的⑶应用经颅多普勒超声⒉ Ｔ Ｃ Ｄ⒕动态监测脑血流动力学的变化及微栓子信号的产生⒚方法⑶经股动脉插管将缚有球囊及支架的导管输送至病侧颈动脉⒚采用 Ｔ Ｃ Ｄ 对 ３ 例成功实施 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ 加 Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ 的患者⒙检测术前、术后双侧半球中、前、后及眼动脉血流⒙术中持续监测双侧中动脉流速及微栓子信号的变化⒚结果⑶术前 ３ 例患者双侧半球血流不对称⒙狭窄侧低流速、低搏动性血流⒙术后脑血流明显改善⒙双侧流速对称⒚术中均发现微栓子信号⒚结论⑶采用 Ｔ Ｃ Ｄ 可以有效地监测脑血流的变化及栓子信号的产生⒙评价 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ 加 Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ 对颈动脉狭窄的治疗效果⒚     

Cerebral angiography and ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement of common carotid artery in patients with cerebral infarction

Blood flow rate and velocity in the common carotid artery were measured with an ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement (QFM) system and cerebral angiography was performed in 98 patients about four weeks after the onset of cerebral infarction. Angiography revealed complete occlusion in 13 patients (CO group), visible stenosis in 45 patients (S group), and no apparent stenosis in 40 patients (N group). In the CO group, damaged-side blood flow (DF; 4.80 ml/sec) and velocity (DV; 10.5 cm/sec) were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than intact-side blood flow (7.19 ml/sec) and velocity (14.86 cm/sec). Both DF and DV were significantly lower in group CO than group S (7.55 ml/sec and 15.04 cm/sec) and in group S than group N (9.32 ml/sec and 18.07 cm/sec). Degree of stenosis in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries was significantly associated with reduced DF (P less than 0.05). Of the 24 patients with a mean DF of under 6.5 ml/sec, 15 had stenosis of 75% or more; of the 74 patients with a mean DF of 6.5 ml/sec or more, 66 had stenosis of less than 25%. The results indicate that blood flow determined by QFM reflects the degree of occlusion or stenosis in the intracranial trunk arteries and may thus provide a practical, noninvasive method of assessing the severity of cerebrovascular lesions.     

大脑中动脉狭窄对颅外段颈内动脉血流动力学的影响

目的研究不同程度的大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄对颅外段颈内动脉(ICA)血流动力学的影响。方法本研究纳入单侧MCA狭窄或闭塞的患者98例,根据狭窄程度分为对照组(MCA中度狭窄,N=46)与观察组(MCA重度狭窄或闭塞,N=52),使用彩色多普勒超声测量两侧颅外段ICA的收缩期峰值流速(Vp)、舒张末期流速(Vd)、平均流速(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)。结果与对照组相比,观察组患侧ICA的Vp、Vm及Vd较健侧明显降低(41.17cm/s vs48.76cm/s,21.22cm/s vs 28.23cm/s,11.82cm/s vs 17.92cm/s,P均<0.05),而患侧PI值明显高于健侧(1.43vs1.20,P<0.01),PI值差值显著增大(0.28vs 0.06,P<0.05)。结论颅外段颈内动脉血流动力学的改变在一定程度上提示了大脑中动脉狭窄的严重程度,能够有效提高TCD对于大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞进行诊断的准确性。     

Reduced flow velocity in the internal carotid artery independently of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with cerebral ischemia

PURPOSE: To retrospectively investigate the relationships between carotid flow velocities, clinical features and cardiac hemodynamics to assess the meaning and significance of reduced carotid flow velocities in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms. METHODS: We selected the files from patients who had undergone duplex Doppler sonographic examination of extracranial carotid arteries, echocardiography, and MR angiography, and in whom the following parameters were available: peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic (EDV) flow velocity, pulsatility index (PI), and diameter of the left and right common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the left and right CCA, left ventricle (LV) mass, peak flow velocity on LV outflow tract, and fractional shortening (FS). Patients with stenosis of the carotid artery or its main intracranial branches were excluded, as were patients with major cerebral infarction, severe intracranial abnormality, or heart function disorder. The remaining 59 patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of cerebral ischemic symptoms, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia for multivariate analyses and stepwise regressions. RESULTS: Women had smaller diameters and lower PI in the left and right CCA, and smaller LV mass than men. Age, CCA diameter, and IMT showed an inverse correlation with carotid flow velocities in several arterial segments. There was a positive correlation between PSV in the left CCA and ICA and FS, and between PSV in the left CCA and peak velocity on LV outflow tract. Flow velocities in the left and right ICA were significantly slower in patients with than in patients without cerebral ischemic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac hemodynamics and carotid flow velocities are significantly related, only on the left side, probably due to larger hemodynamic stress. Increased intracerebral circulatory resistance is probably involved in the decrease in carotid flow velocity and increase in PI in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms.     

脑梗塞患者颈动脉超声检测

本文观察脑梗塞患者41例,均经CT定位诊断;分为非梗塞侧（第Ⅰ组,31例）,梗塞侧（第Ⅱ组,51例）,并与正常对照（第Ⅲ组,65例）。主要探讨颈内动脉、椎动脉颅外段硬化性病变及血流动力学情况与梗塞灶的关系。使用高分辨力彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测颈部颈动脉。结果显示:脑梗塞两组颈动脉内径增宽;内膜-中层增厚;舒张期末流速、时间平均流速降低;阻力指数、搏动指数增高;斑块发现率、管腔狭窄率均明显增高。梗塞侧与非梗塞侧相比,内膜-中层厚度、软斑块发现率前者略高于后者,其余参数均无统计学差异。斑块及颈动脉狭窄与梗塞病灶无明显同侧关系。提示颈动脉硬化与脑梗塞有一定的关系,但尚不能通过颅外颈动脉超声扫查对脑梗塞作出确切定位性评估。软斑块易引起重度狭窄,斑块溃疡或出血,稳定性差,可能与梗塞有较为直接的因果关系,应引起临床及超声医生的高度重视。     

颈部动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的相关研究

目的评价颈部大动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的相关性。方法对186例脑梗死患者进行颈部大动脉彩色多普勒检测,观察血管内膜情况,有无斑块形成,管腔是否狭窄及狭窄程度,与同期来院健康体检者40例对照。结果脑梗死患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块的发生率及颈动脉狭窄程度较对照组明显增加,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论颈部大动脉粥样硬化形成与脑梗死发生密切相关。     

脑血流动力学与缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变 严重程度的相关性分析

目的:分析脑血流动力学与缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变(WML)严重程度的相关性。方法:缺血性脑卒中患者120例,均行彩色多普勒血流成像及时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像(TOF-MRA)检测,依据Fazekas量表将WML进行分级,比较其收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、血管阻力指数(RI)、大脑中动脉狭窄远端与近端信号强度比(SIR)与全脑血流灌注量(tCBFV)、前循环脑血流灌注量(aCBFV)、后循环脑血流灌注量(p CBFV),比较大脑中动脉中度、重度狭窄患者SIR值及各区域WML评分,分析各指标相关性。结果:本组中出现WML95例(79.17%),病变位于基底节46例(48.42%)、额叶86例(90.53%)、颞叶48例(50.53%)、顶枕叶56例(58.95%)、幕下区域3例(3.16%);随WML分级增加,患者颈内动脉RI、椎动脉PSV、椎动脉RI增加,颈内动脉EDV及SIR、tCBFV、aCBFV降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中度狭窄患者SIR值及额叶、颞叶、顶枕叶区域WML评分与重度狭窄者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);相关性分析发现,WML患者PSV、RI与病变分级呈正相关,SIR、tCBFV与病变分级呈负相关,SIR比值与狭窄程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑血流动力学与WML严重程度有一定相关性,血流动力学的退变及脑灌注量降低使WML程度加重。