The methods of traditional medicine in outpatient polyclinic practice

Some 7950 patients have been treated at the traditional medicine department of the Consulting and Diagnostic Center N52, 2/3rds of them came after long and unsuccessful medicamental treatment. Psychotherapy, manual therapy and acupuncture-reflex methods were successful in 86-93% of cases. They are recommended for local clinics provided that the latter are properly equipped and stuffed.     

Hemotherapy in kidney transplantation

A total of 40 kidney transplantations (37 males and 3 females) from living donors (Group I) and 10 kidney transplantations (6 males and 4 females) from cadavers (Group II) were performed in the period 1996-October 1999 at the Military Medical Academy (MMA). Lymphocytotoxic crossmatching was done before each kidney transplantation and results from all tests were negative for all recipients. All donors had the same blood group in ABO system as the recipients. In perioperative transfusion treatment (hemotherapy) determined quantity of filtered red blood cells (F-RBCs) and/or filtered platelets (F-PLT) were given to recipients according to intraoperative blood loss and their clinical state. Leukoreduction filters were used to prevent HLA alloimmunization. In only 4 (8%) recipients in group I transfusion therapy was not applied perioperatively. An average of 3.27 units of F-RBCs (929.44 mL) was used intraoperatively in 36 (72%) recipients in group I, an average of 1.9 units of F-RBCs (521 mL) was used before kidney transplantation in 10 (20%) recipients in group I and an average of 2.65 units of F-RBCs (739.23 mL) was used postoperatively in 26 (52%) recipients. In all recipients from group II transfusion therapy was applied perioperatively. An average of 3.4 units of F-RBCs (953 mL) was used intraoperatively. An average of 4.9 units (1.328 mL) and an average of 1.4 units of F-PLT were used postoperatively. All recipients well tolerated the therapy and no adverse effects of the therapy were observed. The need for transfusion therapy intraoperatively was approximatively same in both recipient groups, while in recipients from cadavers need for transfusion support in posttransplantation period was much higher.     

Semi-deep radiotherapy under high-kilovoltage conditions]

The semi-deep radiotherapy, performed by high-kilovoltage technique, fills a gap between superficial and megavolttherapy, as it renders possible an irradiation in focal depth of 2--4 cm, while largely preserving the deep underlying tissue. Besides which, every form of radiotherapy can be used, as under conventinal conditions. A further advantage exists in the markedly greater skin tolerance and in the low bone absorption of high-kilovoltage radiation, so that much higher focal doses can be achieved. This means that--in superficial processes--the high-voltage technique can replace the much more expensive therapy with accelerated electrons. The RT 305 equipment for high-voltage technique can be especially recommended for the following indications: 1. Skin and limph node metastases as well as tumors and metastases which are not situated deeper than 5 cm below the skin surface. Hereby, thean be exposed up to 8000 R, by small or medium cone. At the same time, in comparison to conventional X-ray therapy, the deep tissue is largely preserved. 2. Postoperative radiotherapy of tumors situated right under the skin. 3. Radiotherapy of inoperable breast cancer. 4. Irradiation of relapses on pre-exposed skin. 5. We assume that the high-voltage technique is also suitable for primary radiotherapy of larynx carcinomas, although we have no personal experience of this. 6. The palliative irradiation of deep tumors with the RT 305, due to its preservation of the skin and the relatively low bone absorption, can be performed more easily than with conventional X-ray therapy. The method of choice, however, is the megavolt-therapy. 7. Degenerative diseases and arthroses.     

特殊静脉条件下的静脉穿刺技巧

静脉穿刺技术是临床护士必须掌握的一项基本操作技能.对于普通的静脉,做到一针见血并不难,而对于特殊的静脉,就需要掌握一定的穿刺技巧.笔者根据自己及学习的临床经验,总结出一些特殊静脉条件下的穿刺技巧,介绍如下.