B超引导下微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨B超引导下微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效。方法2008年4月-2009年4月江西省丰城市人民医院泌尿外科对64例上尿路结石患者采用B超引导穿刺建立通道,行微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术。结果64例患者均一期成功建立经皮肾通道,54例一期手术碎石,10例二期手术碎石,手术时间90-210 min,均无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤等并发症。术后复查,52例患者结石排尽,12例有结石残留,结石清除率为81.3%。结论B超引导下微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗上尿路结石安全、有效。     

B超引导下经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨B超引导下微创经皮肾钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效。方法应用B超引导建立经皮肾通路,大功率钬激光进行经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术治疗上尿路结石90例,分析钬激光碎石取石时间、结石清除率、并发症等。结果 90例上尿路结石患者在B超引导下建立肾穿刺通道行一期穿刺取石,结石清除率为85.55%。平均手术时间95 min。平均碎石取石时间为69 min,术中出血量估计平均为110 ml。术后发热8例,经抗感染治疗2～4 d,体温恢复正常,无改开放手术、无大出血病例。结论采用B超引导穿刺经皮肾钬激光碎石术是治疗上尿路结石安全、方便,疗效可靠的有效方法。     

经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗复杂性上尿路结石120例临床分析

[目的]探讨经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的临床效果.[方法]选择本科室收治的120例诊断为复杂性上尿路结石的患者,应用经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗,记录患者的结石清除率、术后拔除肾造瘘管时间及相关的并发症情况.[结果]经皮钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的一期碎石成功率达到80.0%,二期碎石成功率达到90.0%;一期手术的中位时间为85.0(30~240)min,二期手术时间为62.5(25~180)min.术后相关并发症有迟发性的出血病例2例,胸腔积液病例1例,无其他相关并发症发生.[结论]经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的临床效果显著,一次碎石率高,相关的并发症少,推荐在临床上广泛应用.     

单通道经皮肾镜取石联合胆道镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的初步体会

目的探讨单通道经皮肾镜联合胆道镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石的临床效果。方法 2013年6月-2015年12月该院收治48例复杂性上尿路结石患者,均行经皮肾输尿管硬镜联合胆道镜钬激光碎石术治疗,统计分析其碎石时间、手术时间和结石清除率以及并发症等情况。结果 48例患者均Ⅰ期顺利建立皮肾通道;平均碎石时间(64.0±10.0)min;Ⅰ期结石清除率为93.18%,手术平均时间(95.0±16.0)min;均未发生严重并发症。结论经皮肾镜联合胆道镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性上尿路结石一期结石清除率高,疗效显著,并发症少,值得临床推广。     

经皮肾镜碎石联合钬激光治疗肾盏憩室结石(附11例报告)

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石联合钬激光治疗肾盏憩室结石的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析该院2010年12月-2014年5月采用经皮肾镜碎石联合钬激光治疗的11例肾盏憩室结石患者临床资料,其中,男性患者6例,女性患者5例;年龄21~67岁,平均53.6岁,结石位于肾下级9例,肾上级2例,术前均行肾盂逆行造影检查。采用B超引导,经皮穿刺肾盏憩室建立皮肾通道,应用四代EMS碎石系统粉碎并吸出结石,同时应用钬激光切开狭窄盏颈。结果所有手术均一期顺利完成,手术时间为25~95 min,平均36 min,术中失血量少,无输血病例,无中转开放手术,术中及术后未发生严重并发症,术后平均住院天数为6.5 d。结论经皮肾镜碎石联合钬激光治疗肾盏憩室结石疗效确切、安全可靠、创伤小,值得临床推广。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术和钬激光碎石术治疗肾输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的比较经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术与经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾输尿管上段结石的临床疗效,旨在为上尿路结石的临床治疗提供有效参考。方法将100例肾输尿管上段结石的患者按双盲法随机分成2组:A组50例行经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗;B组50例行经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗。比较2组手术时间、碎石取石时间、术中出血量、尿液转清时间、住院时间及一期碎石成功率,术后随访3个月,观察2组患者术后肾积水消失率与术后复发情况。结果 B组手术时间、碎石取石时间、尿液转清时间及住院时间均较A组显著缩短(P<0.05),2组一期碎石成功率及术后肾积水消失率、复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对肾输尿管上段结石患者施行经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗的临床价值较经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术更为显著。     

经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石治疗复杂性尿路结石96例

目的：探讨经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石治疗复杂性尿路结石的疗效。方法：对2006年3月至2007年12月收治的96例复杂性尿路结石患者采用经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术进行治疗。结果：本组共行118次手术，均行一期穿刺取石，10例行2次取石，6例术后辅助体外冲击波碎石，结石清除率84％，其中2例并发输尿管穿孔，1例感染，均保守治愈，无重大并发症发生。结论：经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术是一种治疗复杂性尿路结石安全、有效的方法，具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、出血少、可反复操作及并发症少等优点，是该类病例较好的手术方式     

经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗全胰管结石临床效果研究（附10例报告）

【目的】探讨经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗全胰管结石的临床效果。【方法】选择2012年1月至2014年12月本科室收治的10例全胰结石患者，行经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗，观察患者术后恢复情况，以及并发症发生情况。【结果】10例患者术后均康复良好，无胰漏、腹腔大出血、腹腔脓肿等并发症，均痊愈出院。随访1个月至3年，其中7例患者术前反复上腹部疼痛得到完全缓解，术前7例糖尿病患者中5例患者血糖较前控制改善。【结论】经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗全胰管结石，具有创伤小，术后恢复快，无明显并发症的优点。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗上尿路结石385例效果观察

目的评价超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年5月至2009年5月采用超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗上尿路结石户患者385例的临床资料。结果所有患者均成功建立皮肾通道,380例一期碎石,平均手术时间90min,处理结石时间50min,均未出现气胸、肠道损伤等并发症;术后复查25例有结石残留,净石率94.7%;随访3～5月,无严重手术并发症。结论超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗上尿路结石具有安全、高效的特点,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石治疗复杂性尿路结石96例

目的:探讨经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石治疗复杂性尿路结石的疗效。方法:对2006年3月至2007年12月收治的96例复杂性尿路结石患者采用经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术进行治疗。结果:本组共行118次手术,均行一期穿刺取石,10例行2次取石,6例术后辅助体外冲击波碎石,结石清除率84%,其中2例并发输尿管穿孔,1例感染,均保守治愈,无重大并发症发生。结论:经皮肾镜下钬激光碎石术是一种治疗复杂性尿路结石安全、有效的方法,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、出血少、可反复操作及并发症少等优点,是该类病例较好的手术方式。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.