Honey and a Mixture of Honey,Beeswax, and Olive Oil–Propolis Extract in Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

In spite of being one of the most investigated subjects among supportive care in cancer, no therapy has been found effective in treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Based on the observations that honey bees products have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects, the present study tried to evaluate the effect of topical application of honey and a mixture of honey, olive oil–propolis extract, and beeswax (HOPE) in treatment of oral mucositis. This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 90 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and oral mucositis grades 2 and 3. The mean age of enrolled patients was 6.9 years. The patients were assigned into 3 equal treatment groups: Honey, HOPE, and control groups. Topical treatment for each patient consists of honey, HOPE, and benzocaine gel for honey, HOPE, and control groups, respectively. Recovery time in grade 2 mucositis was significantly reduced in the honey group as compared with either HOPE or controls (P < .05). In grade 3 mucositis, recovery time did not differ significantly between honey and HOPE (P = 0.61) but compared with controls, healing was faster with either honey or HOPE (P < .01). Generally, in both grades of mucositis, honey produced faster healing than either HOPE or controls (P < .05). Based on our results that showed that honey produced faster healing in patients with grade 2/3 chemotherapy-induced mucositis, we recommend using honey and possibly other bee products and olive oil in future therapeutic trials targeting chemotherapy-induced mucositis     

重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞刺激因子联合重组表皮生长因子治疗儿童急性白血病化疗性口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效分析

目的　回顾性分析重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）含漱联合重组表皮生长因子喷涂治疗儿童急性白血病化疗引起的口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析2021年9月至2022年4月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院第二小儿血液内科107例次急性白血病化疗后并发口腔黏膜炎的患儿资料,按rhGM-CSF与重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（rh-aFGF）联合应用与否分为联合治疗组和单独治疗组,联合治疗组共51例次,单独治疗组共56例次。联合治疗组将rhGM-CSF 100ug加入氯化钠注射液250 mL,冷藏保存,每日含漱6次（分别于三餐前后各1次）,再予外用rh-aFGF喷涂口腔黏膜破溃处,每日3次。单独治疗组的56例患儿仅用rh-aFGF喷涂口腔黏膜破溃处,每日3次。从患儿发生口腔黏膜炎即开始应用治疗药物至口腔黏膜炎愈合,比较两组患儿治疗口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效、口腔黏膜炎愈合时间,以及药物不良反应的发生情况。结果　联合治疗组患儿有效率明显高于单独治疗组（84% vs 68%,P=0.047）,联合治疗组患儿口腔溃疡愈合时间明显缩短,联合治疗组（4.80±2.73）d,单独治疗组（9.04±2.81）d,（P<0.01）,治疗期间无不良反应发生。结论　对于儿童急性白血病并发化疗性口腔黏膜炎,应用rhGM-CSF含漱联合rh-aFGF喷涂的方式治疗疗效显著,有效缓解疼痛,缩短治愈时间,有推广价值。     

Influence of low-energy laser in the prevention of oral mucositis in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the use of low-energy laser in the prevention or reduction of the severity of oral mucositis. PROCEDURE: A randomized clinical trial was carried out. Patients from 3 to 18 years of age treated with chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation between May, 2003 and February, 2005 were eligible. The intervention group received laser application for 5 days following the start of chemotherapy. The grade of oral mucositis was assessed by the WHO per NCI-CTC common toxicity criteria and the assessments were made on days 1, 8 and 15 by a trained examiner blind to the intervention. RESULTS: Sixty patients were evaluable for analysis; thirty-nine (65%) were males, 35 (58%) patients had a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma, and 25 (42%) had solid tumors. The mean age was 8.7 +/- 4.3 years. Twenty-nine patients were randomized in the laser group and 31 in the control group. On day 1, no patients presented with mucositis. On day 8, of 20 patients (36%) who developed mucositis, 13 of them were from the laser group and 7 from the control group. On day 15, of 24 patients (41%) who developed mucositis, 13 of them were from the laser group and 11 from the control group. There was no significant difference between groups concerning the grades of mucositis on day 8 (P = 0.234) or on day 15 (P = 0.208). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no evidence of benefit from the prophylactic use of low-energy laser in children and adolescents with cancer treated with chemotherapy when optimal dental and oral care was provided.     

Efficacy of oral sucralfate suspension in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis

The efficacy of orally administered sucralfate suspension in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced mucositis was evaluated in a double-blind trial. Forty-eight children and adolescents with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were randomized to receive suspensions of either sucralfate or placebo orally every 6 hours during the first 10 weeks of intensive remission-induction chemotherapy. Patients given sucralfate suspension were less likely than subjects receiving placebo to acquire colonization with potentially pathogenic microorganisms: 14 (58%) of 24 versus 22 (92%) of 24, respectively (p = 0.008). However, no effect on preexisting colonization was noted. Subjective reporting of discomfort, objective scoring of the severity of mucositis, and the maximal percent of body weight lost during therapy were similar; 58% of patients receiving sucralfate reported no oral pain compared with 25% receiving placebo (p = 0.06). Ten episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, 25 documented infections, and 886 days with fever were also equally distributed between sucralfate and placebo groups. We conclude that sucralfate suspension is of limited, if any efficacy, in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Sucralfate administration can, however, reduce acquisition of alimentary colonization with potential pathogens, perhaps by interfering with adherence to mucosal membranes.     

Multicenter randomized trial of chewing gum for preventing oral mucositis in children receiving chemotherapy

The properties of saliva led us to hypothesize that the salivary flow increase induced by gum chewing might protect the oral mucosa from lesions due to cancer chemotherapy. We conducted a multicenter randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of chewing gum in preventing oral mucositis in 145 children receiving chemotherapy regimens expected to induce WHO grade 3-4 oral mucositis in at least 30% of patients. Patients were allocated at random to standard oral care with or without 5 gum pieces per day. No overall reduction in severe oral mucositis occurred in the gum arm (51%) compared with the standard arm (44%). VIDE, COPADM, and multidrug intensive chemotherapy caused severe oral mucositis in 75% of patients in both arms. In patients receiving less toxic regimens, a decrease in WHO grade 1-4 oral mucositis was noted in the gum arm compared with the standard arm (49% vs. 72%, P=0.03). In the multivariate analysis, the risk of oral mucositis was related only to the type of chemotherapy regimen, suggesting that further strategies for preventing oral mucositis could be mainly based on these criteria.     

Chemotherapy does not influence intestinal amino acid uptake in children

Chemotherapy will frequently induce intestinal damage (mucositis). Enteral nutrition is then often withheld for fear of impaired intestinal absorption as shown in animal models. There is no clinical evidence, however, that absorption is indeed compromised during chemotherapy-induced mucositis. The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic availability of dietary amino acids (leucine) during chemotherapy-induced mucositis. We studied eight childhood cancer patients (age 1.5-16 y) on 2 d, i.e. the day before chemotherapy and 3-5 d after. Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and diarrhea were scored on a World Health Organization toxicity scale. Stable isotope tracers were used to measure first-pass splanchnic leucine uptake and whole-body leucine kinetics. Patients showed increased mucositis and/or diarrhea toxicity scores (p < 0.0001) after chemotherapy. Systemic availability of enterally administered leucine was not significantly affected by chemotherapy (before 60%, after 90%, p = 0.46). Interestingly, five patients already showed a negative leucine balance before chemotherapy. In conclusion, most children receiving chemotherapy are already catabolic before start of a new cycle of chemotherapy. Amino acid transport as measured by leucine uptake in the intestine is not affected by chemotherapy-induced mucositis.     

Photobiomodulation with a combination of two wavelengths in the treatment of oral mucositis in children: The PEDIALASE feasibility study

Photobiomodulation is recommended in adults for the prevention of mucositis induced by cervicofacial irradiation or pre-transplant chemotherapy. The results of pediatric studies are promising but this support treatment is still underused. The objective was to conduct a feasibility study in the pediatric hematology-oncology unit at X Children's Hospital. Extra- and intraoral scans were performed a minimum of three times every 2 days for grade 2 or higher mucositis in children (median age, 8.6 years) using the Oncolase laser (Biophoton, Saint Alban, France), with a combination of two wavelengths (635 and 815 nm). The effect of the laser on mucositis grade, pain, the child's tolerance, and the time dedicated to this care were also evaluated. The success of the procedure was 77% in 1 year, with the inclusion of 84% of the patients (n = 22) and 146 laser treatment sessions (median of four per episode of mucositis). We observed excellent tolerance and pain relief with a gain of two points on the VAS and the HEDEN mucositis scale. This study shows that photobiomodulation that incorporates two application modes (intra- and extraoral) through the combination of two wavelengths is feasible when integrated into the care of a pediatric hematology-oncology department and is perfectly tolerated, even by young children. Along with oral hygiene and analgesic management, it alleviates pain associated with oral mucositis.     

Lithium treatment in adults with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy

To determine whether lithium can shorten chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, 35 adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia undergoing initial chemotherapy were randomized either to receive oral lithium started at the time of biopsy-proven hypoplasia or to receive no lithium. This study failed to show statistically significant shortening of the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in the lithium treatment group.     

Herpes simplex virus in febrile neutropenic children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) as detected by polymerase chain reaction, in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia. Our secondary objectives were to describe the association between oral HSV and prolonged fever, neutropenia, mucositis, and response to initial antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we obtained a mouth swab and blood specimen from oncology patients with febrile neutropenia, and tested them for HSV by polymerase chain reaction. Prolonged fever was defined as the presence of fever 48 hours after initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: Of the 75 oral and blood specimens obtained, only 7 oral swabs (9%) and 2 blood samples (3%) were positive for HSV. Oral HSV was not associated with prolonged fever or neutropenia. However, oral HSV was associated with longer median duration of mucositis (8 days; interquartile range, 0-12 days) compared with negative episodes (0 days; interquartile range, 0-2.5 days); P = 0.005. Oral HSV also was associated with inferior successful response to initial antimicrobial therapy (1 of 7, 14.3%) compared with negative episodes (51 of 67, 76.1%); P = 0.002. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HSV infection in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia was low and was not associated with prolonged fever. However, oral HSV was associated with prolonged mucositis and poorer response to initial therapy. It is unknown whether early intervention with acyclovir can alter these associations.     

Vitamin B12 absorption test and oral treatment in 14 children with selective vitamin B12 malabsorption

Oral vitamin B (VB12) absorption was studied in 12 patients with selective VB12 malabsorp12 tion and in 6 age-matched healthy controls. Serum VB12 level was measured before and 3 h after oral administration of VB12 100 or 1000 mu g . After administration of 1000 mu g of VB12 an appreciable increase in the serum VB12 level was observed in patients as well as in controls. The mean of the increase in serum VB12 level did not differ between patients and the controls (273 203 pg/mL, 180 71 pg/mL, respectively P > . 05 ). Twelve patients previously treated by parenteral VB12 were switched to, and 2 newly diagnosed patients were started on, oral VB12 treatment of 1000 mu g given every 2 weeks. Hematological parameters and serum VB12 levels remained stable after switching to oral therapy in the 12 patients. In the two newly diagnosed patients anemia was cured by orally administrated VB12. This study lends further support to the use of megadoses of VB12 as an alternative treatment for selective VB12 malabsorption.     

Bone mineral density in response to two different regimes in rickets

The aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of two different treatment regimens in infants with nutritional vitamin D deficient rickets (VDR). Ten patients (Group 1) were treated with a single dose of 600,000 IU of oral vitamin D3 and another ten patients (Group 2) were treated with 20,000 IU/day of oral vitamin D3 for 30 days. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine twice in all infants before the treatment and on the 31st day after initiating the treatment. The increases of BMD after treatment compared to pretreatment levels were statistically significant in both groups (P = 0.005 in Group 1 and P = 0.047 in Group 2). The increments of BMD were statistically similar between Group 1 and 2 (P = 0.096). The present study suggests that these two different treatment regimens bring about similar healing in BMD.     

不同类型儿童吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床特点及治疗随访研究

目的 探讨不同类型儿童吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床特点及丙种球蛋白(IVIG)的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析了我科近5年住院诊治的108例GBS患儿,其中本组75例患儿均在急性期应用大剂量IVIG 400 mg/(kg·d)静点治疗5 d,收集患儿的临床、电生理资料和治疗效果,并对患儿病情恢复进行随访.结果 75例GBS患儿中急性运动性轴索型GBS(AMAN)34例(45.3%),急性炎症性脱髓鞘多发性神经病(AIDP)32例(42.7%),急性运动感觉性轴索型GBS(AMSAN)3例(4.0%),神经失电位型4例(5.3%),难以分类2例(2.7%).AIDP型起病达病情高峰时间明显比AMAN型长,差异有统计学意义(t=3.4042,P＜0.01);病情高峰时Hughes功能障碍评分,AIDP和AMAN型差异无统计学意义(x2=1.5997,P＞0.05).二者在呼吸肌麻痹、颅神经麻痹及植物神经症状方面差异无统计学意义;AIDP型患儿感觉障碍症状明显多于AMAN型,二者差异有统计学意义(x2=6.0475,P＜0.05).经IVIG治疗后AIDP和AMAN型肌力开始改善平均时间分别为(5.59±3.63)、(7.21±4.68)d,二者经治疗肌力开始改善时间AIDP型较AMAN型短,但差异没有统计学意义(t=-1.5702,P＞0.05);肌力提高1级所需时间AIDP和AMAN型分别为(8.88±4.39)、(12.67±8.35)d,二者经治疗肌力提高一级的时间AIDP型比AMAN短4 d左右,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.3689,P＜0.05).本组无1例死亡,随访调查的病例中AIDP型和AMAN型治疗后完全恢复时间差异无统计学意义(t=0.2041,P＞0.05).结论 AMAN型患儿临床进展速度较AIDP型快,除感觉神经受累方面AIDP型多于AMAN型患儿外,二者在肌无力严重程度、呼吸肌麻痹、颅神经麻痹及植物神经受累方面无明显差异.经IVIG治疗AIDP型临床恢复比AMAN型快,但AIDP和AMAN型长期预后无明显差异.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and effects of immunoglobulin treatment hospitalized for GBS were retrospectively analyzed; 75 cases in this group were given acute high dose of gamma globulin(IVIG)400mg/(kg·d)intravenously for 5d.Clinical and electrophysiological data and information on treatment and recovery of the children were collected during the follow-up and were analyzed.Result According to the clinical and electrophysiologic findings, 32 patients manifested acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy( AIDP), 34 had acute motor axonal neuropathy( AMAN), 3 had acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), 4 were inexcitable, 2 were unclassified. The clinical progress of the AMAN was faster than the AIDP group. Except for sensory nerve involvement, there was no significant difference in the clinical feature and severity. The mean time of the muscle strength began to recover was (5.59 +3.63) days in the AIDP group and (7. 21 ±4.68) days in the AMAN group after IVIG treatment. The time of the AIDP group was shorter than the AMAN group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( t = - 1. 5702, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The mean time of the muscle strength increased one grade was (8.88 ±4. 39) days in the AIDP group and ( 12. 67 ±8. 35) days in the AMAN group. The difference was statistically significant ( t = - 2. 3689, P ＜ 0. 05 ). No patients in this group died. Follow-up data showed that the complete recovery time was not significantly different ( t = 0. 2041, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The clinical progress of the AMAN was faster than the AIDP group. Besides sensory nerve involvement,there was no significant difference in the clinical feature and severity. The AIDP group's clinical recovery was faster than AMAN's after the immunoglobulin treatment. The two groups were not significantly different in long-term prognosis.     

Randomized clinical trial comparing endoscopic treatment with dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer and Cohen's ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux: Long-term results

PurposeTo compare efficacy of Cohen's ureteral reimplantation and endoscopic treatment with Dx/HA in patients with primary VUR grades II, III and IV.MethodsFrom April 2002 to June 2004, patients over 1 year old with VUR grade I, II, III or IV were included. Patients were randomized into two groups: endoscopic treatment (ET) or ureteral reimplantation (UR). In the ET group, an ultrasonography study was performed 24 h and 1 month after surgery, and two voiding cystourethrographies at 3 and 6 months post treatment. In the UR group, an ultrasonography study was done 7 days and 1 month after surgery and a micturial cystography 6 months post surgery. A postoperative nuclear direct cystogram was performed 5 years later in both groups.ResultsA total of 41 patients were included in this study: in ET 22 patients with 35 refluxing ureters and in UR 19 patients with 32 refluxing ureters. The VUR grades in ET were: 16 grade II, 16 grade III and 3 grade IV; and in UR: 15 grade II, 12 grade III and 5 grade IV. VUR was resolved in 91% (32/35) of ET (28% of ureters needed a second injection), and in 100% of UR group. Five years after the procedure, VUR was still resolved in 30/32 of ET and 32/32 of UR.ConclusionShort- and long-term follow up shows that multiple endoscopic treatment of VUR grades II, III and IV with Dx/HA is as effective as ureteral reimplantation.     

Jejunal stricture: a rare complication of chemotherapy in pediatric gastrointestinal B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The use of intensive chemotherapy has led to remarkable improvements in the treatment of high-grade B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, it is associated with significant side effects such as myelosuppression and mucositis. Gastrointestinal NHL rarely leads to the development of aneurysmal dilatation of the bowel, as desmoplastic reaction is not a feature of NHL. Strictures and fibrosis are not a manifestation of NHL involvement. Here, we report a child with primary gastrointestinal B-cell NHL who presented with jejunal stricture developing as a sequela of severe chemotherapy-induced mucositis. The patient improved with surgical resection of stricture and end-to-end anastomosis.     

Oral health and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A longitudinal evaluation of the first 28 days

1 Background

Mucositis is well described after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) but other aspects of oral health such as dental plaque and gingivitis are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe dental plaque, gingivitis, and mucositis early after HSCT.

2 Methods

We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study to describe dental plaque, gingivitis, and mucositis in the peritransplant period. We conducted comprehensive oral evaluations that included the Miyazaki tongue coating, modified simplified oral hygiene, modified gingivitis of Suomi and Barbano, and mucosal ulceration indices at baseline on days 0, +7, +14, and +28.

3 Results

Data were collected from 19 patients with a median age of 8.0 years (5.1–12.8) at time of HSCT. Sixteen patients (85%) had plaque accumulation that progressively worsened, 16 (85%) developed severe gingival inflammation, 13 (68%) developed mucositis, and 11 (58%) had oral ulcerations. All oral indices worsened from baseline during the study period. Gingivitis and oral plaque persisted in most patients at day +28 while mucositis and oral ulcerations slightly improved.

4 Discussion

Gingivitis, dental plaque, mucositis, and oral ulcerations are common after HSCT. Additional studies are needed to ascertain methods that decrease plaque and gingivitis development and severity.     

Binocular potential score: a novel concept

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of an objective system for preoperative binocular potential scoring on the postoperative outcome in horizontal concomitant strabismus. METHODS: A prospective interventional study of 100 patients undergoing surgery for horizontal concomitant strabismus was conducted. The binocular potential score (BPS) was evaluated on the basis of age of onset, duration, intermittency, variability, vision, and responses on synoptophore and Worth four-dot test. Patients were grouped according four grades (I = the best and IV = the weakest). The surgical outcome was evaluated by binocular function and ocular alignment. RESULTS: All patients with a BPS of grade I maintained good binocular function postoperatively. Within-grade analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in postoperative binocular function in patients with a BPS of grade II (P = .0047), grade III (P = .0030), and grade IV (P = .0143). Grade comparisons showed significant differences between grades II and IV (P = .00) and grades III and IV (P = .0005), but not between grades II and III. CONCLUSIONS: The BPS is a useful tool for predicting surgical outcome and it may be valuable to conduct multicentric trials using this objective measurement.     

Phase II study of daily oral etoposide in children with recurrent brain tumors and other solid tumors

Pre-clinical data and adult experience suggests that topoisomerase targeted anti-cancer agents may be highly schedule dependent, and efficacy may improve with prolonged exposure. To investigate this hypothesis, 28 children with recurrent brain and solid tumors were enrolled in a phase II study of oral etoposide (ETP). Patients were prescribed ETP at 50 mg/m²/ day for 21 consecutive days. Courses were repeated every 28 days pendinng bone marrow recovery. Evaluation of response was initially performed after 8 weeks and then every 12 weeks either by CT or MRI. Three of 4 patients with PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor)/medulloblastora achieved a partial response (PR). Two of 5 with ependymoma responded, one with a complete response and one with a PR. Toxicity was manageable with only 1 admission for fever and neutropenia in 120 cycles of therapy. Five patients had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. One had grade 4 thrombocytopenia and one grade 2 mucositis and withdrew as a result. One patient had grade 2 diarrhea. Two patients who achieved a PR had received ETP as part of prior combination chemotherapy regimens. Daily oral etoposide is active in recurrent PNET/medulloblastoma and ependymoma. Toxicity is manageable and rarely requires intervention. Daily oral etoposide in combination with crosslinking agents should be considered in future phase III trials. Determination of activity in glioma and solid tumors is not complete. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 29:28–32, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

NO EFFECT OF HIGH-DOSES-METHOTREXATE Treatment on Serum Cardiac Troponin I Levels in Children

Oral vitamin B (VB12) absorption was studied in 12 patients with selective VB12 malabsorp12 tion and in 6 age-matched healthy controls. Serum VB12 level was measured before and 3 h after oral administration of VB12 100 or 1000 mu g . After administration of 1000 mu g of VB12 an appreciable increase in the serum VB12 level was observed in patients as well as in controls. The mean of the increase in serum VB12 level did not differ between patients and the controls (273 203 pg/mL, 180 71 pg/mL, respectively P &;gt; . 05 ). Twelve patients previously treated by parenteral VB12 were switched to, and 2 newly diagnosed patients were started on, oral VB12 treatment of 1000 mu g given every 2 weeks. Hematological parameters and serum VB12 levels remained stable after switching to oral therapy in the 12 patients. In the two newly diagnosed patients anemia was cured by orally administrated VB12. This study lends further support to the use of megadoses of VB12 as an alternative treatment for selective VB12 malabsorption.     

长效核黄素预防大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗毒副反应疗效观察

目的观察长效核黄素对大剂量甲氨喋吟(HD-MTX)化疗常见毒副反应的预防效果。方法1996年10月至2004年8月期间,26例患儿共接受72个疗程HD-MTX化疗(3.0g/m2,持续静滴12 h),观察组41个疗程同时应用长效核黄素,对照组31个疗程不用。根据WHO抗癌药物毒副反应分度标准,观察比较两组患儿治疗后口腔黏膜损害、肝功能变化及骨髓抑制程度。结果观察组口腔黏膜损害发生率(12.2%,5/41)明显低于对照组(45.2%,14/31),且观察组损害程度较重(P=0.002)。两组间肝功能变化及骨髓抑制程度差异无显著性。结论HD-MTX化疗中应用长效核黄素可有效预防口腔黏膜损害,对肝功能损害及骨髓抑制无明显预防作用。     

Oral mucositis and salivary methotrexate concentration in intermediate-dose methotrexate therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The relationship between salivary methotrexate (MTX) concentration and severity of oral mucositis after administration of MTX was investigated in six children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. They received two administrations of MTX at 500 mg/m2 with one third given bolusly and the remainder by 24-hour continuous infusion. No significant difference among patients or administration session was observed in serum MTX concentration. Detectable concentrations of salivary MTX (greater than 0.01 microM) were observed during nine of the ten infusions. A concentration of 0.1 microM or more, apparently lasting at least 12 hours, was observed during one infusion and followed by severe mucositis. During two of the ten infusions for different patients, concentrations of 0.04 to 0.07 microM and 0.02 to 0.04 microM, apparently lasting at least 12 and 18 hours, respectively, were observed, followed by moderate mucositis. During the other seven infusions, either much shorter or no increase in salivary MTX concentration was observed, with only mild or no subsequent mucositis. Analysis by Kendall's rank method showed a statistical correlation between concentration at 6 hours of infusion and severity of oral mucositis. The findings suggest that the early secretion of MTX into saliva has a significant role in the development of oral mucositis in leukemic children.