A cost effective endovascular approach for management of post-catheterization profunda femoris artery pseudoaneurysm using thrombin

Post-catheterization PSA is one of the most commonly encountered vascular complications of cardiac and peripheral angiographic procedures. We report the case of patient who developed deep-seated profunda femoris artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) following cardiac catheterization. Despite, repeated ultrasound guided compressions the PSA failed to close and instead produced local site pressure ulcers. The secondary infection followed which precluded use of percutaneous thrombin injection. The PSA was finally closed via a total endovascular technique combining intravascular thrombin injection and coil embolization, thus obviating the need for expensive measures like cover stents or invasive surgical repairs.     

Transcatheter ablation of an iatrogenic renal artery pseudoaneurysm with absolute alcohol: A rare case report

A 25 year old male was admitted with features of life threatening renal haemorrhage after undergoing open nephrolithotomy for a staghorn calculus of the right kidney. CECT abdomen and selective renal angiography revealed a 2.5 × 3.0 cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the lower segmental branch of right renal artery, leaking into retroperitoneal space. After an initial failed attempt of transcatheter embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and 10% lipiodol mixture, the pseudoaneurysm was successfully ablated with absolute alcohol. Our case demonstrates that absolute alcohol ablation is a safe and effective modality for controlling haemorrhage from an iatrogenic renal artery pseudoaneurysm.     

Post-traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm treated with endovascular embolization and thrombin injection

Post-traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is uncommon, appearing in approximately 1% of hepatic trauma cases. Most are extrahepatic (80%) and have a late onset. Although they are usually asymptomatic, they should always be treated becasue of the high risk of complications, especially breakage. Currently the treatment of choice is endovascular embolization with coils or the exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm using other intravascular devices. Recently there have been accounts of a treatment that combines embolization with coils and image-guided percutaneous human thrombin injection. We present a case of post-traumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm that was successfully treated using this combined technique.     

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery： A case report

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic pseudoaneurysm is a rare emergency associated with high mortality that demands immediate treatment to save the patient’s life. We treated a 64-year-old man who presented with a bleeding pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery caused by acute pancreatitis, using interventional embolizing therapy. In the present report we show that interventional treatment is an effective therapeutic modality for patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated with intra-abdominal bleeding.     

心导管术后假性动脉瘤六例的诊断和治疗

目的总结心导管术后假性动脉瘤(PA)的临床表现及治疗经验.方法对1979年5月～2001年2月我院心导管术后发生的6例假性动脉瘤进行分析,除早期1例直接采用动脉修补术外,2例采用重复绷带加压法,3例采用超声引导下压迫法治疗.结果 5例保守治疗者均痊愈,无并发症.结论心导管术后假性动脉瘤早期发现及时诊断与治疗,重复绷带加压法和超声引导下压迫法是安全、有效、简便的治疗方法.     

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm

We present a patient who had an LV mass picked up by chanceon transthoracic echocardiography. CT scan suggested this tobe an LV aneurysm although it did not have appearances typicalof this on echocardiography. MRI scan was performed and it showedthis mass to be a thrombosed pseudoaneurysm.     

Delayed superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following distal femoral shaft fracture: a case report

A 69-year-old man presented with an expanding tissue mass over the medial aspect of his left thigh 6 weeks after a fracture of the distal femur shaft. Imaging studies confirmed a rare traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery. For the massive hematoma and persistent exsanguinating hemorrhage, staged interventions were taken. First, the pseudoaneurysm was hemodynamically isolated with an endovascular stent-graft placement. Subsequent surgical exploration and aneurysmectomy were performed later for the evacuation of the formed hematoma and the relief of the resultant compressive symptoms. Because traumatic pseudoaneurysm can have an insidious onset and delayed presentation, surgeons should consider the possible complication even after initial fracture fixation.     

A case of chronic pancreatitis in which endoscopic ultrasonography was effective in the diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed on a patient being treated for chronic pancreatitis because a submucosal tumor was observed in the stomach during gastrointestinal endoscopy. As internal pulsa- tile blood flow on Doppler was present, the diagnosis of an aneurysm was made. The pseudoaneurysm of the left gastric artery was embolized with histoacryl and lipiodol and the splenic artery was embolized with coils at the location of the pseudoaneurysm to prevent hemorrhage. Follow up EUS confirmed the cessation of blood flow from the pseudoaneurysm. Clinicians encountering a gastric submucosal tumor-like protrusion in a patient with chronic pancreatitis should use EUS to investigate the possibility of a pseudoaneurysm, which must be treated as quickly as possible once identified.     

Endovascular pseudoaneurysm repair after distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection

Erosive hemorrhage due to pseudoaneurysm is one of the most life-threatening complications after pancreatectomy.Here,we report an extremely rare case of rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery(CHA)stump that developed after distal pancreatectomy with en block celiac axis resection(DP-CAR),and was successfully treated through covered stent placement.The patient is a 66-year-old woman who underwent DP-CAR after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer.She developed an intra-abdominal abscess around the remnant pancreas head 31 d after the surgery,and computed tomography(CT)showed an occluded portal vein due to the spreading inflammation around the abscess.Her general condition improved after CT-guided drainage of the abscess.However,19 d later,she presented with melena,and CT showed a pseudoaneurysm arising from the CHA stump.Because the CHA had been resected during the DP-CAR,this artery could not be used as the access route for endovascular treatment,and instead,we placed a covered stent via the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery.After stent placement,cessation of bleeding and anterograde hepatic artery flow were confirmed,and the patient recovered well without any further complications.CT angiography at the 6-mo follow-up indicated the patency of the covered stent with sustained hepatic artery flow.To our knowledge,this is the first reported case of endovascular repair of a pseudoaneurysm that developed after DP-CAR.     

Delayed rupture of peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm following endovascular treatment in a patient with chronic limb-threatening ischemia: A case report

Below-the-knee (BTK) pseudoaneurysms that occur after endovascular therapy (EVT) and result in delayed rupture have rarely been reported. In this report, we present a rare case of an 86-year-old man with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who developed delayed rupture of an idiopathic pseudoaneurysm of the peroneal artery (PA) following EVT. The PA chronic total occlusion (CTO) was successfully crossed using a guidewire via an antegrade approach, however, subintimal crossing was confirmed by intravascular ultrasound. Balloon angioplasty was then performed using an appropriately sized balloon, resulting in successful recanalization of the PA CTO with minor dissection and no complications. Postoperatively, the patient's condition was stable until he suddenly complained of right calf pain 10 days after EVT. Computed tomography revealed a rupture of the PA pseudoaneurysm. Urgent angiography revealed two pseudoaneurysms, one saccular and the other spindle-shaped. The ruptured saccular aneurysm was successfully excluded through coil embolization and stent graft placement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of delayed rupture of a BTK pseudoaneurysm following EVT. Balloon angioplasty in the subintimal space can lead to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm and its delayed rupture.     

Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm producing coronary milking

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of myocardial infarction, but it may also result from cardiac surgery, endocarditis, chest trauma, tumours, electrophysiological studies and congenital defects. An accidentally discovered uncommon case of a post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm that produced a selective compression of the circumflex coronary artery during systole is reported.     

Transcatheter embolization of a giant pancreatic pseudoaneurysm: A tale of two bleeds and one thrombus!

Erosion of a peripancreatic artery into the pseudocyst as a result of enzymatic digestion of vessel wall gives rise to a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm (PSA), which is a rare complication seen in patients with chronic pancreatitis.¹ Angiographic embolization as a treatment method for acute hemorrhage from pancreatic PSA has become increasingly popular. Here we report a unique case with bleeding from a giant pancreatic PSA where the single PSA had blood supply originating from the branches of both the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery.     

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after myocardial infarction

In this report, a case of a left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm due to a previous myocardial infarction, which was repaired successfully, is described. A 62-year-old man, with a history of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction 6 months previously, was admitted with the complaints of acute dyspnea and palpitation. Echocardiography revealed an LV aneurysm, and ventriculography showed ventricular dysfunction and an LV pseudoaneurysm. Coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery with a very thin lumen and insufficient retrograde filling. Under cardiopulmonary bypass and beating heart, the pseudoaneurysm was resected and the defect on the ventricular free wall was closed by the remodeling ventriculoplasty method of Dor. Histopathologic examination of the resected material confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. The postoperative course of our patient was uneventful. He was discharged on the ninth postoperative day.     

股动脉假性动脉瘤超声引导下凝血酶注射与压迫法的护理比较

目的：比较经股动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗操作后假性动脉瘤（PSA）超声引导下凝血酶注射（UGTI）与超声引导下压迫（UGCR）治疗的护理效果。方法：选取我院2000年6月～2006年6月经股动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗操作后出现假性动脉瘤患者共37例。其中，UGTI组：有接受UGTI治疗患者21例，UGCR组：有采用UGCR治疗的患者16例。比较两组的治疗成功率、平均治疗时间、术后卧床时间等护理指标。结果：UGTI组的各种护理指标均优于UGCR组（P〈0．05～0．01）；但PSA直径〈4cm的假性动脉瘤，UGTI组与UGCR组成功率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：若动脉瘤直径≥4cm，UGTI的疗效明显优于UGCR。