胃癌组织细胞外信号调节激酶1/2表达及其与幽门螺杆菌关系的初步分析

目的探讨胃癌发生、发展过程中细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)表达及其与幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP两步法对比观察单纯性胃炎(20例)、胃黏膜上皮肠上皮化生(肠化)(20例)、不典型增生(28例)、早期胃癌(36例)、进展期胃癌(73例)中HP、ERK1/2、蛋白激酶Cθ(Protein kinase Cθ,PKCθ)的表达。结果不典型增生组(39.29%)和肠化组(30.00%)HP检出率均明显高于单纯胃炎组(5.00%)、早期胃癌组(2.78%)和进展期胃癌组(1.39%)(P0.05)。单纯胃炎组、肠化组和不典型增生组ERK1/2染色阴性;早期胃癌组(63.88%)和进展期胃癌组(68.49%)癌细胞呈ERK1/2阳性着色。低分化腺癌组(82.50%)ERK1/2表达明显高于高分化腺癌组(51.52%)(P0.05)。对各组标本进行PKCθ免疫组化染色后,发现PKCθ仅在早期胃癌和进展期胃癌的间质及癌周淋巴细胞中阳性着色。高分化腺癌组PKCθ表达(54.55%)明显高于低分化腺癌组(32.50%)(P0.05)。结论 HP感染导致慢性胃炎、肠化、不典型增生。在胃癌的发生、发展过程中可能涉及ERK1/2的高表达。PKCθ在胃癌中的意义尚需进一步研究。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体和血管内皮生长因子在胃癌中的表达

目的: 探讨胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1R)和血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGF)的表达与胃癌浸润、转移的关系.方法: 选取胃癌患者56例, 以20例癌旁不典型增生组织及28例正常胃黏膜组织作为对照, 应用SABC免疫组化方法检测IGF-1R和VEGF的表达.结果: IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常胃黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为87.5%、 55.00%和17.86%, 两两比较, 均有统计学差异(P<0.01);IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌转移组和无转移组中的阳性表达率分别为97.06%和72.73%(P<0.05);浸润至黏膜下层、肌层、外膜的胃癌组织中IGF-1R蛋白阳性表达率分别为66.67%、 92.59%、 100%(P<0.05).VEGF蛋白在胃癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常胃黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为69.64%、 45.00%和25.00%, 两两比较, 均有统计学差异(P<0.05);VEGF蛋白在胃癌转移组和无转移组中的阳性表达率分别为85.29%和45.45%(P<0.01);浸润至黏膜下层、肌层、外膜的胃癌组织中VEGF蛋白阳性表达率分别为40.00%、 74.07%、 85.71%(P<0.05).结论: IGF-1R和VEGF与胃癌的发生、浸润、转移有关, 可联合运用, 作为新的胃癌标记物, 对判断预后有一定价值.     

c-met蛋白表达与胃粘膜病变的关系及预后意义

目的 研究ｃ－ｍｅｔ蛋白在胃粘膜病变演进过程中的表达及关系,探讨ｃ－ｍｅｔ表达对胃癌预后的意义。方法 对１６９例经病理证实的不同胃粘膜病变采用免疫组织化学ＳＰ法检测ｃ－ｍｅｔ蛋白表达,用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法的Ｌｏｇ－ｒａｎｋ检验胃癌生存率。结果 在浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、肠化生、异型增生、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中,ｃ－ｍｅｔ蛋白表达率分别为２３．５％（４／１７）,３６．８％（１４／３８）,５１．５％（１７／３３）,６１．３％（１９／３１）,６６．７％（８／１２）和７３．７％（２８／３８）,而且肠化生、异型增生、胃癌均显著高于浅表性胃炎（Ｐ〈０．０５）。胃粘膜增殖程度与ｃ－ｍｅｔ阳性表达强度密切关系分析,两者有显著关联（Ｐ〈０．０１）。ｃ－ｍｅｔ阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关,而且Ｂｏｒ     

胃癌中CD44s和CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 研究CD44s和CD44v6的表达与胃癌发生及临床病理学相关性.方法 利用各种类型的胃癌56例、非典型增生18例及正常胃黏膜组织22例,通过免疫组化ABC法检测CD44s和CD44v6的表达.结果 在胃癌、非典型增生及正常胃黏膜中CD44s蛋白的阳性表达率分别为80.4%、72.2%和13.6%;CD44v6蛋白的阳性表达率分别为83.9%、77.8%和4.6%.胃癌及非典型增生中CD44s和CD44v6蛋白的表达与正常胃黏膜相比均差异有显著性(P<0.01).CD44s和CD44v6蛋白在进展期胃癌中浸润到肌层时强阳性表达率分别为60.7%和57.1%;浸润到浆膜层的胃癌中强阳性表达率分别为82.4%和88.2%,与早期胃癌的强阳性率18.2%和9.1%相比均具差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01).有淋巴结转移的胃癌中CD44s蛋白的强阳性表达率为90.5%,CD44v6蛋白的强阳性表达率为85.7%,与无淋巴结转移的胃癌中强阳性表达率为40.0%相比均差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论 CD44s和CD44v6蛋白的高表达与胃癌的发生有密切相关,CD44s和CD44v6蛋白与癌组织浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关,可做为胃癌的早期诊断及预后断定的重要指标之一.     

胃癌及其癌前病变中细胞凋亡及其调控基因的表达

目的:通过观察胃癌及其癌前病变中细胞凋亡及其调控基因p53、bcl-2、c-myc的表达,探讨其在胃癌恶性转化进程中的作用。方法:利用DNA末端标记技术(TdT-mediateddUTP-biotinnickendlabeling,TUNEL法)和免疫组织化学(streptavidin/peroxidase,S-P法),原位观察了46例胃癌、20例癌前病变、24例正常粘膜中的凋亡细胞和p53、bcl-2、c-myc的表达。结果:癌前病变和胃癌中凋亡指数显著高于正常粘膜(P＜0.01),癌前病变组高于胃癌组(P＜0.01)。p53、bcl-2、c-myc蛋白在胃癌中阳性率分别为60.9%、67.4%、73.2%,均高于正常粘膜组(P＜0.01);在癌前病变中3种蛋白阳性表达率分别为40%、95%、58.8%(P＜0.01)。胃癌中p53、bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞凋亡指数分别低于阴性组(P＜0.05),c-myc蛋白阳性组细胞凋亡指数高于阴性组(P＜0.01)。结论:细胞凋亡调控异常在胃癌发生中可能起重要作用。p53、bcl-2蛋白分别抑制细胞凋亡,c-myc蛋白在胃癌中促进细胞凋亡。     

血清胃功能3项检测对于幽门螺杆菌感染相关胃癌早期诊断价值研究

目的 探讨血清胃功能3项指标检测对于幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染相关胃癌早期诊断价值。方法 选择2021年2月至2023年4月消化内科病房接收的病理确诊胃癌患者80例为胃癌组,同期接收的80例慢性胃炎患者为胃炎组。胃癌组同时根据分期分为早期胃癌组与进展期胃癌组。在胃癌组和胃炎组中对PG I、PG II和PG I/PGII 3项指标进行比较,同时对早期胃癌与进展期胃癌检测结果进行比对。经¹⁴C尿素呼气试验判定胃癌组Hp感染阳性情况,对Hp阳性与阴性患者胃功能3项测定结果进行比较。结果 胃癌组PG I、PG I/PG II低于胃炎组PG II高于胃炎组(P<0.05);早期胃癌PG I、PG I/PG II高于进展期胃癌(P<0.05),早期与进展期胃癌的PG II差异无统计意义(P>0.05);¹⁴C尿素呼气试验证实Hp阳性47例(58.75%),胃癌组Hp阳性患者PG I、PG I/PG II低于Hp阴性患者,PG II高于Hp阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论 血清PG I、PG II、PG I/PG II联合检测,能够早期识...     

肿瘤增殖和凋亡相关因素在胃癌演进过程中的作用

目的　探讨肿瘤增殖和凋亡相关因素在胃癌发生、发展中的相互作用。方法　采用免疫组化双重染色法对 15 6例正常胃黏膜、不典型增生及胃癌标本分别进行EGFR、Ki 6 7、bcl 2和p5 3的染色。分析两个增殖相关因素 (EGFR、Ki 6 7)之间和凋亡相关因素 (bcl 2、p5 3)之间的相关性。 结果　 (1)上述 4者在正常胃黏膜中均呈阴性表达 ,EGFR在重度不典型增生时呈第一高峰 ,Ⅰ级癌时表达下降 ,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级癌时呈现第二高峰 ,Ki 6 7在胃癌中的表达率 (76 6 % )高于不典型增生 (4 1 4 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,bcl 2在重度不典型增生和Ⅰ级癌中的表达高于轻、中度不典型增生和Ⅱ～Ⅲ级癌 (P <0 0 5 ) ,p5 3在胃癌中的表达高于不典型增生 ,且表达率随分化程度的降低而升高 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )EGFR、Ki 6 7和 p5 3的表达与胃不典型增生程度、胃癌分化程度、组织学类型有关 ,而且 ,EGFR和P5 3与浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移有关 ,Ki 6 7虽未达统计学标准 ,但也有此倾向。 (3)EGFR和Ki 6 7表达呈正相关 ,而bcl 2和 p5 3表达呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　EGFR和Ki 6 7在胃癌发生、发展中有协同作用 ,可作为反映胃癌生物学行为的指标之一。bcl 2和p5 3分别作用于胃癌发生、发展的不同阶段 ,有助于胃癌的早期诊断和预后判断。     

胃癌组织cyclinE和p21~(WAF1/CIP1)蛋白表达的意义

目的 :探讨cyclinE和p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白在胃癌发生发展中的作用及其表达的意义。方法 :采用免疫组化S P法检测正常胃黏膜、萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生、萎缩性胃炎伴不典型增生各 2 0例和 78例胃腺癌组织中cyclinE和 p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达。结果 :cyclinE蛋白阳性表达在胃癌组高于正常胃黏膜、萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组 ,而 p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达则相反 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;cyclinE、p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达与胃癌细胞分化程度相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;有肝转移的胃癌组cyclinE阳性表达率高于无肝转移组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;有淋巴结转移组 p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达率低于无淋巴结转移组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :cyclinE蛋白高表达与 p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白失表达可能参与胃癌的发生发展过程 ,检测cyclinE和p2 1WAF1/CIP1蛋白作为反映胃癌病理学特点的参考指标可能有一定意义     

肿瘤相关抗原表达和DNA含量对老年人胃癌和不典型增生的研究

应用免疫组织化学和自动化图像分析(AIAI)技术对128例老年人慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)、不典型增生(ATP),胃癌(GC)及正常胃粘膜进行肿瘤标记物(MG_7-Ag)和细胞核DNA含量及形态参数的定量测定。结果表明:MG_7的阳性表达率在胃癌     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜增殖及与胃癌预后的关系

目的 :探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)在幽门螺杆菌 (HP)感染的不同胃黏膜增殖性病变演进中的表达情况及其相互关系 ,并着重探讨HP感染对胃癌预后的意义。方法 :对 14 5例经病理证实的不同胃黏膜病变用免疫组化方法检测PCNA标记指数 (LI) ,Warthin Starry(W S)法检测HP感染。结果 :在浅表性胃炎 (CSG)、萎缩肠化性胃炎 (CAG +IM)、异型增生 (DYS)、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中 ,PCNA LI为 2 4 0 0± 17 88,4 6 5 9± 18 15 ,6 0 5 9± 2 0 2 6 ,5 7 92± 15 15 ,71 0 8± 2 1 2 5。在IM、DYS、胃癌组织均高于CSG(P <0 0 5 )。PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关 ,而且Bor rmannIV高于早期胃癌 (P <0 0 5 )。PCNA阳性表达与肠型胃癌HP感染有关。CAG +IM、DYS和GC组PCNA阳性表达中HP感染者高于阴性者。胃癌HP阳性者 5年存期短于HP阴性者。结论 :PCNA基因表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关。HP感染和胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关 ,HP感染与胃癌预后有关。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...