经皮射频消融治疗复发性肝癌的疗效及预后因素分析

目的探究原发性肝癌术后复发行经皮射频消融(RFA)后的疗效、生存率及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2016年6月郑州大学第一附属医院行手术切除的原发性肝癌术后复发的67例患者临床资料,采用统计软件SPSS 21.0分析,生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制,组间比较采用LogRank检验,Cox风险比例模型进行预后因素分析。结果 67例术后复发的肝癌患者经皮RFA治疗后1、3、5年总体生存率分别为94%、62%、50%,1、3、5年无瘤总体生存率分别为56%、39%、26%。根据肝癌切除术后复发的肿瘤直径分为小肝癌组(≤3 cm,n=47)和中肝癌组(3 cm且≤5 cm,n=20),小肝癌组及中肝癌组行经皮RFA治疗后1、3、5年生存率分别为98%、67%、54%及86%、55%、40%,小肝癌组的生存率明显高于中肝癌组(P=0.007)。通过Cox模型多因素分析,结果显示复发病灶直径、术后甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平是影响患者经皮RFA后生存时间的危险因素。结论经皮RFA治疗术后复发性肝癌疗效确切,能以较小的创伤达到治疗的目的,小肝癌及术后AFP低行RFA预后更好。     

超声引导下射频消融与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗直径≤5 cm尾状叶肝细胞癌的临床对比研究

目的对比探究超声引导下射频消融（RFA）对直径≤5 cm尾状叶肝细胞癌的治疗效果,分析其临床应用的可行性及价值。 方法回顾性选取2016年1月至2020年12月于本院肝胆外科接受治疗的直径≤5 cm尾状叶肝细胞癌患者44例,根据治疗方式分为消融组18例（行超声引导下RFA）和切除组26例（行腹腔镜肝尾状叶切除术）。评估RFA消融效果和完全消融率;对比两组围手术期指标、手术前后肝功能指标变化、术后并发症及随访生存情况。 结果消融组术后一次完全消融率为83.3%（15/18）,补充消融后的完全消融率为100.0%,消融次数为1~2（1.3±0.4）次。消融组手术时间、肝功能恢复时间、术后住院时间均少于切除组,差异有统计学意义（t=19.053、10.517、12.590,均P<0.001）。术后两组总胆红素（TBIL）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平呈先升后降趋势,其中消融组术后1、3、7 d时的TBIL、ALT、AST水平均低于同期切除组（P<0.05）。消融组术后发生Clavien-DindoⅠ~Ⅱ级并发症2例（11.1%）,切除组发生Clavien-DindoⅠ~Ⅱ级5例（19.2%）,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级2例（7.7%）,两组术后并发症总发生率以及Clavien-Dindo分级比较差异无统计学意义。消融组术后1、3、5年累积无瘤生存率分别为94.4%、65.2%、34.2%,累积总生存率分别为94.4%、69.3%、50.6%;切除组术后1、3、5年累积无瘤生存率分别为88.5%、61.3%、30.4%,累积总生存率分别为92.3%、65.5%、46.3%。两组累积无瘤生存率与累积总生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0.030,P=0.862;χ²=0.067,P=0.796）。 结论超声引导下RFA治疗直径≤5 cm尾状叶肝细胞癌安全可行,总体疗效与手术切除相近,同时可减少患者创伤,促进术后肝功能恢复,缩短住院时间。     

射频消融治疗原发性肝癌手术后复发灶的无瘤生存率探讨

目的探讨影响射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌（HCC）术后复发灶的无瘤生存率的因素。方法回顾性分析64例经皮RFA治疗的HCC术后复发病例的临床资料,设置并选择24项可能对RFA治疗后无瘤生存率产生影响的因素,对无瘤生存率进行单因素Kaplan—Meier模型分析和Log-rank检验;多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型进行。结果RFA治疗HCC术后复发灶的1、3、5月无瘤生存率分别为：92．2％、53．1％、25．0％。分析可能影响无瘤生存率的24项单因素中,3项有统计学意义：年龄、有无大血管侵犯、有无联合TACE。表明这3项因素与无瘤生存率有显著相关性。多因素分析结果表明,与无瘤生存率相关的因素有1项,即有无大血管侵犯,说明这项因素是相对独立的具代表性的综合因素。结论超声引导经皮肝穿刺RFA治疗HCC手术后复发灶的过程中,有否大血管侵犯与患者的无瘤生存率显著相关;而RFA前行TACE治疗可以改善疗效,延长无瘤生存的时间。     

以射频消融为主的微创方式治疗肝癌术后复发

目的 评价以射频消融为主的微创方式治疗肝细胞癌切除术后复发的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析1999年8月至2008年2月间接受以经皮射频消融为主的微创方式治疗的84例肝癌切除术后复发患者的临床资料.结果 未见治疗相关性死亡,严重并发症发生率为2.4%(2/84),完全消融率为94.0%(79/84),治疗后1、3、5年总生存率分别为74.9%、54.%、48.2%.肿瘤最大径≤3 cm和>3 cm的患者治疗后1、3、5年总生存率分别为83.2%、67.7%、67.7%和59.1%、24.2%、12.1%(P=0.003),术后复发间隔时间≤1年和>1年的患者治疗后1、3、5年总生存率分别为72.1%、36.2%、24.2%和76.8%、70.6%、65.1%(P=0.040).结合和未结合瘤内无水酒精注射的患者术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为76.5%、57.3%、57.3%和66.7%、33.3%、22.2%(P=0.017);结合和未结合经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗的患者治疗后1、3、5年总生存率分别为81.6%、66.0%、57.5%和55.6%、24.7%、24.7%(P=0.001).结论 射频消融是治疗肝癌切除术后复发安全、有效的手段,肿瘤大小和复发间隔是其疗效的重要影响因素.联合瘤内无水酒精注射或肝动脉栓塞化疗有助于提高射频消融对复发性肝癌的疗效.     

射频消融治疗复发性肝细胞癌疗效分析

目的探讨射频消融对肝细胞癌(HCC)手术切除后复发病例再治疗的效果,比较不同复发时间的疗效差别。方法以行超声引导经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗的手术切除后复发性肝细胞癌(RHCC)患者(RHCC组)和同期行RFA治疗的首发HCC患者(首发HCC组)为研究对象。(1)RHCC组42例患者,男34例,女8例,平均年龄(58±10)岁;复发灶大小1.5~6.6cm,平均(3.8±1.4)cm。RFA治疗前5例伴肝外转移。肝功能A级21例,B级19例,C级2例。手术切除距肝内初次复发时间为1~96个月,平均22.8个月。术后1年内肿瘤复发者20例40灶(RHCC近期组),术后1年以上复发者22例37灶(RHCC远期组)。(2)首发HCC组148例患者,男117例,女31例,平均年龄59岁。肿瘤大小1.2~7.0cm,平均(4.0±1.4)cm。RFA治疗后1个月采用增强CT检查评价消融成功率;比较RHCC近期组、RHCC远期组和首发HCC组的治疗效果、复发转移情况及生存期。结果首发HCC组RFA成功率为87.2%(129例),局部复发率为16.2%(24例),另位复发率为37.8%(56例),平均生存期为(39.0±2.1)个月;RHCC近期组、远期组RFA成功率分别为85.0%和95.5%(P>0.05),局部复发率分别为15.0%和13.6%(P>0.05),另位复发率为60.0%和18·2%(P=0.005),平均生存期为(15.4±2.3)个月和(39.5±4.5)个月(P<0.005)。与首发HCC组相比,RHCC远期组消融成功率与局部复发率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),RHCC近期组生存期低于首发HCC组(P<0.05)。RHCC远期组1例患者治疗后出血,经射频止血、输血等保守治疗缓解。结论RFA治疗RHCC的预后及疗效与复发的时间相关;对于术后远期复发者,行RFA治疗可获得同首发HCC相似的生存期,而手术后近期复发者疗效相对较差。     

巩固性重复射频消融对甲胎蛋白阴性肝细胞癌射频消融后局部肿瘤进展的疗效

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者在射频消融(RFA)获得影像学完全消融后,以安全边界(SM)≥1 cm为目标的巩同性重复RFA(CRRFA)对于局部肿瘤进展的影响.方法 课题组在2002年7月至2009年7月间,共收治152例完全消融的AFP阴性HCC.其中,影像学分析显示肿瘤周边部分区域SM＜1 cm者110例,所有区域SM≥1 cm者42例.在SM＜1 cm的110例患者中,59例在首次RFA后6个月内接受了CRRFA,其余51例选择了临床观察随访.然后,据此将符合纳入标准的病例分为窄SM-CRRFA组(n=41)和窄SM-单次RFA组(n=37).此外,还从42例SM≥1.0 cm者,选择符合纳入标准的病例纳入宽SM-单次RFA组(n=30).对三组患者的局部无瘤生存率进行了比较.结果 窄SM-CRRFA组1年、2年、3年、4年和5年局部无瘤生存率分别为97.1%、90.9%、69.6%、47.2%和33.0%;窄SM-单次RFA组分别为85.9%、66.5%、43.5%、15.8%和0.0%;宽SM-单次RFA组分别为92.7%、83.7%、59.3%、36.9%和9.2%.三组间局部无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.789,P=0.001).两两比较结果 显示,窄SM-CRRFA组和宽SM-单次RFA组的累积局部无瘤生存率均明显高于窄SM-单次RFA组(χ2分别为9.353和5.375,P值分别为0.002和0.020);窄SM-CRRFA组与宽SM-单次RFA组局部无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.785,P=0.182).结论 对于直径3～5 cm的AFP阴性HCC,RFA治疗后SM≥1 cm是影响局部肿瘤控制效果的重要因素;对于SM＜1 cm者,CRRFA可显著提高局部无瘤生存率.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the role of consolidative repeat radiofrequency ablation (CRRFA) based on safety margin (SM) analyses in local tumor control for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who had been shown to have radiological complete ablation (CA) with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods From July 2002 to July 2009,152 AFP negative HCC patients who were shown to have radiological CA with RFA therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 110 patients had a SM of less than 1 cm and the other 42 patients had a SM of 1cm or more. Among 110 patients with SM less than 1 cm, fifty nine patients accepted CRRFA within 6 months after the first RFA and 51 did not. From these patients, a narrow SM-CRRFA group (n=41) and a narrow SM-single RFA group (n=37) were enrolled respectively. The wide SM-single RFA group (n= 30) was enrolled from the 42 patients with a SM of 1 cm or more.The LTP (local tumor progression)-free survival rate of the 3 groups were compared with a log-rank test. Results One-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year LTP-free survival rates respectively were 97. 1%, 90.9%, 69.6%, 47.2%, and 33. 0% in the narrow SM-CRRFA patients. 85.9%, 66. 5%,43.5%, 15.8%, and 0. 0%, in the narrow SM-single RFA patients, and were 92.7%, 83.7%,59.3%, 36. 9%, and 9.2% in the wide SM-single RFA patients. There were statistically significant differences (χ2 = 14. 789, P= 0. 001) between the groups. Conclusions An ablation zone with an SM of 1 cm or greater was the most important factor for local control of AFP negative HCC ranging from 3 to 5 cm in diameter. For these patients with a SM of less than 1 cm, CRRFA improved the overall local control outcomes.     

肝癌射频消融术后肝内远处复发的相关因素分析

目的 分析原发性肝癌射频消融(RFA)治疗后肝内远处复发的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆科2002年1月至2005年6月80例接受RFA治疗的原发性肝癌患者的临床资料.男性49例,女性31例;年龄34～84岁,平均64岁.所有患者均符合该研究的纳入标准.通过单因素分析与多因素分析筛选与肝内远处复发可能相关的因素.结果 原发性肝癌RFA治疗后1、3、5年肝内累积复发率为6.3%、32.0%、67.3%.单因素分析显示治疗前血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)≥50μg/L(P=0.029)、血清凝血酶原(DCP)≥40 mAu/ml(P=0.004)、凝血酶原时间活动度<70%(P=0.012)、烧灼边缘<1 cm(P=0.035)、术前肝功能(Child-Pugh分级)(P=0.002)与肝内远处复发相关.多因素分析显示血清AFP、DCP水平、烧灼边缘范围和术前Child-Pugh分级为肝内远处复发的独立危险因素.结论 血清高AFP、DCP水平和肝功能较差的原发性肝癌患者应用RFA治疗应警惕肝内远处复发,治疗过程中充足的烧灼边缘对预防肝内复发有很重要意义.     

复发性小肝细胞癌射频消融与再手术切除疗效的分析

目的 比较射频消融与再手术切除治疗直径≤5 cm复发性肝细胞癌的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年2月至2011年12月,直径≤5 cm复发性肝细胞癌患者射频消融(n=46)和再手术切除(n=66)的临床资料,比较两组治疗效果及生存情况.结果 射频消融组与再手术组肿瘤均完全清除.射频消融组治疗后丙氨酸转氨酶峰值为(216.89±167.73) U/L,再手术切除组为(363.32±129.61) U/L,P=0.002.射频消融组术后并发症发生率为0,再手术切除组为18.1%(P=0.009);射频消融组治疗后平均住院时间为(5.5±1.7) d,再手术切除组为(12.5±2.6) d,P=0.000.射频消融组和再手术切除组1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为56.9%、12.4%、5.0%和43.9%、14.4%、8.2%,P=0.548,1、3、5年总生存率两组分别为82.6%、50.8%、20.5%和89.5%、54.3%、28.8%,P=0.780.结论 对于直径≤5 cm复发性肝细胞癌患者,射频消融治疗可以获得与再手术治疗相同的长期生存率.射频消融具有微创、经济的优点,有重要的临床应用价值.     

经皮超声引导下射频消融治疗胃癌肝转移疗效分析

目的探讨经皮超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗胃癌肝转移的疗效及预后因素。方法回顾性分析55例接受经皮超声引导下RFA治疗的胃癌肝转移患者临床及影像学资料,观察评价患者总体生存率及预后影响因素。结果55例(102个病灶)胃癌肝转移患者1、2、3、5年总体生存率分别为70.45%、42.90%、20.32%及10.16%。RFA治疗后1个月,肿瘤灭活率94.12%(96/102),肿瘤局部复发率15.69%(16/102),肝内新生转移灶发生率52.73%(29/55)。单因素分析示年龄(P=0.015)、肿瘤数目(P=0.011)、RFA前是否有肝外转移(P=0.026)、RFA后是否化疗(P=0.031)是影响患者生存的重要因素。多因素分析示年龄(P=0.033)、肿瘤数目(P=0.004)、RFA后是否化疗(P=0.001)是独立预后因素。RFA治疗后严重并发症的发生率为1.82%(1/55),未发生治疗相关性死亡。结论经皮超声引导下RFA是一种安全、有效的胃癌肝转移治疗方式,年龄、肿瘤数量、RFA后联合化疗是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

术前低血小板水平是影响Milan标准内HCC射频消融治疗预后的独立危险因素

目的探讨影响Milan标准内肝细胞癌(HCC)射频消融治疗预后的危险因素。方法本研究回顾性分析了2011年1月~2015年12月在我院初次行射频消融治疗的223例符合Milan标准HCC患者的临床资料和随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法(Log-rank检验)行单因素分析,Cox回归模型行多因素分析。结果随访截止至2017年8月31日或患者死亡时,中位随访时间37.9个月(7.9月~79.1月),至随访截止日期共89例(39.9%)复发,27例(12.1%)死亡。单因素分析显示肿瘤多发和术前血小板(Platelet,PLT)10~0×10~9/L是影响Milan标准内HCC患者行射频消融治疗后无瘤生存的危险因素;有酗酒史、术前PLT10~0×10~9/L是影响Milan标准内HCC患者行射频消融治疗后总体生存的危险因素。多因素分析结果示术前PLT10~0×10~9/L是影响射频消融治疗Milan标准内HCC患者无瘤生存和总体生存的独立危险因素,肿瘤多发是影响射频消融治疗后无瘤生存的独立危险因素。PLT10~0×10~9/L组(PLT降低组)与PLT≥10~0×10~9/L(非PLT降低组)相比,前者无瘤生存(P=0.006)及总体生存(P=0.001)均差于后者,两组1、2、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为85%、68.8%、56.3%、50.0%和89.5%、76.9%、69.9%、68.5%,两组1、2、3、5年OS率分别为10~0%、93.8%、86.3%、77.5%和99.3%、96.5%、94.4%、93.7%。结论术前低水平血小板计数是影响射频消融治疗Milan标准内HCC患者预后的一个简单、直观的血液学指标,对于术前低血小板水平的HCC患者,行RFA治疗后应进行更加严密的随访。     

Laparoscopic ultrasound with radiofrequency ablation in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: technique and technical considerations.

The optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is surgical resection. However, only a small percentage of patients are operative candidates. CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been shown to be efficacious in treatment of unresectable HCC. CT-guided RFA, however, may fail to detect small intrahepatic metastases and tumor thrombi, which thus minimizes possible gains from the procedure. Recent advances in laparoscopic ultrasound have greatly improved the accuracy in detecting intrahepatic HCC metastases many of which were missed by CT. Combining intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound with laparoscopic RFA greatly utilizes advances in both fields and is technically feasible. Our objective is to introduce a novel operative combination of laparoscopic ultrasound with laparoscopic RFA in treatment of HCC. Childs class B patients with unresectable HCC were considered for this study. Twelve patients underwent laparoscopic ultrasound and RFA of 17 lesions. Tumors ranged from 0.27 to 7 cm in diameter. Laparoscopic ultrasound identified tumor not detected preoperatively in one patient (8.3%). A single pneumothorax was the only complication. A single patient (8.3%) had recurrent disease and accounted for the only mortality in the study. We conclude that the use of both laparoscopic ultrasound and RFA is an excellent use of existing technology. The procedure combines improved tumor localization with the means to treat patients with unresectable disease. Because RFA is a relatively recent development long-term results are not yet available. Randomized prospective studies comparing RFA with other modalities will determine the ultimate utility of this procedure.     

射频消融术与传统手术治疗小肝癌疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的 对比射频消融术（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）与传统手术（traditional surgery,TS）在小肝癌中的疗效和安全性。方法 检索国内外公开数据库,检索员至少2人,检索的数据库主要包括：国外数据库如Embase、PubMed、the Cochrane Library,中文数据库如中国知网数据库、中国生物医学文献 数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库。检索射频消融术与传统手术治疗小肝癌的对照试验,年限为2008年 1月至2018年1月,以Cochrane系统评价手册内的质量评价标准进行筛选和评价,用Revman 5.3软件进行 Meta分析。结果 本研究共纳入10篇文献,射频组共1 503例,手术组共1 657例。Meta分析结果表明：在 1年总生存率方面,二组无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,而在 3、5年总生存率和1、3、5年无瘤生存率方面,手 术组的生存率高于射频组（P＜0.05）。在并发症方面,射频组并发症发生率低于手术组患者（P＜0.05）。 结论 在长期生存率方面,传统手术对于小肝癌的疗效要优于射频消融术;但射频消融术并发症少,安全 性更高。     

Radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: Determine the histologic response-rate (complete versus partial tumor extinction) after single radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in cirrhosis. Investigate possible predictors of response and assess efficacy and safety of RFA as a bridge to liver transplantation (OLT). BACKGROUND: RFA has become the elective treatment of local control of HCC, although histologic data supporting radiologic assessment of response are rare and prospective studies are lacking. Prognostic impact of repeated RFA for HCC persistence is also undetermined. METHODS: Percentage of RFA-induced necrosis and tumor persistence-rate at various intervals from treatment was studied in 60 HCC (median: 3 cm; Milan-Criteria IN: 80%) isolated in 50 consecutive cirrhotic patients undergoing OLT. Single-session RFA was the only treatment planned before OLT. Histologic response determined on explanted livers was related to 28 variables and to pre-OLT CT scan. RESULTS: Mean interval RFA-->OLT was 9.5 months. Post-RFA complete response rate was 55%, rising to 63% for HCC 3 cm (P = 0.05). Post-RFA tumor persistence probability increased with time (12 months: 59%; 18 months: 70%). Radiologic response rate was 70%, not significantly different from histology. Major post-RFA morbidity was 8%. No mortality, Child deterioration, patient withdrawal because of tumor progression was observed. Post-OLT 3-year patient/graft survival was 83%. CONCLUSIONS: RFA is a safe and effective treatment of small HCC in cirrhotics awaiting OLT, although tumor size (>3 cm) and time from treatment (>1 year) predict a high risk of tumor persistence in the targeted nodule. RFA should not be considered an independent therapy for HCC.     

射频消融治疗肝硬化型小肝癌临床效果的循证分析

目的 通过比较射频消融(RFA)与手术切除在小肝癌治疗中的临床疗效,从而评价RFA对小肝癌的价值.方法 计算机检索MEDLINE(1966-2008年)、EMBASE(1966-2008年)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc,1978-2008年)、Cochrane图书馆、循证医学评价(Ovid版)和Cancerlit(1993-2008年)等数据库,截止日期2008年1月1日,文献语种不限.纳入比较射频消融与手术切除治疗小肝癌的随机对照试验和非随机对照试验,统计分析采用RevMan 4.2版软件.结果 纳入了4个前瞻性研究和2个回顾性研究.荟萃分析结果表明,RFA与手术切除治疗小肝癌后1、3、4年生存率和1年无瘤生存率均无统计学差异(P>0.05);但手术切除在提高3年无瘤生存率方面优于RFA(P<0.05).结论 RFA治疗小肝癌疗效与手术切除相近,适应于作为肝硬化型小肝癌的首选治疗方法.     

Endoscopic versus Open Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background

Surgical radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with superior oncological outcome in comparison with percutaneous RFA. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the relative perioperative safety and postoperative outcome of the laparoscopic or thoracoscopic approach versus the open approach to RFA for small HCC.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in 55 consecutive patients who underwent open (n = 32) or laparoscopic/thoracoscopic (LTS) RFA (n = 23) for primary unresectable HCC between January 2005 and December 2010. Baseline characteristics, survival/recurrence rates, and complications after treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results

There was a trend showing that LTS RFA was performed for tumors located in the anterior segment (e.g., segments III, V, VIII). The LTS RFA group had a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time, and shorter postoperative hospital stay, compared with the open RFA group. No major postoperative complications occurred in patients who underwent LTS RFA. No significant differences in overall survival, recurrence-free survival and local recurrence rates were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

In consideration of operative invasiveness and postoperative recovery, LTS RFA is superior to the open approach in patients with small HCC. Moreover, the surgical outcome did not differ between the two approaches. Laparoscopic/thorascopic RFA can be considered to be a useful procedure for ablation therapy.     

射频消融治疗初发小肝癌的疗效及预后因素分析

目的 分析射频消融治疗初发小于5 cm 肝细胞癌的疗效和预后因素,探索射频消融治疗小肝癌的适应证及进一步提高疗效的方法 .方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法 ,分析2001年10月至2006年12月期间,124例在中山医院肝癌研究所行射频消融治疗初发小于5 cm肝细胞癌135个病灶,随访期至2008年3月.结果 中位随访期22个月,中位、平均总体生存期为46个月、(42.7± 2.7)个月;1、2、3、4、5年的总体生存率为86.8%、66.5%、56.5%、45.6%、36.5%.与总体生存相关的独立危险因素有:白蛋白(P=0.007,r=2.227)和凝血酶原时间(P=0.035,r=2.010).白蛋白≤35 g/L且凝血酶原时间＞13 s(45例)和白蛋白＞35 g/L且凝血酶原时间≤13 s(42例)两组病人5年生存率和中位生存时间分别为25%、21个月和67%、63个月.结论 白蛋白和凝血酶原时间正常的初发小肝癌病人接受射频消融治疗能获得较高的5年生存率.     

Histologic evaluation and treatment outcome after sequential radiofrequency ablation and hepatic resection for primary and metastatic tumors

Operative manipulation during hepatic resection (HR) causes tumor cell shedding which is a factor in disease recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) causes coagulative necrosis and was used to destroy the tumor before HR. We evaluated tumor necrosis and recurrence of hepatic malignancies treated by sequential RFA/HR. A retrospective review of patients treated with sequential RFA/HR from April 1999 to January 2002 was performed. A Radionics 500-kW RF generator was used to ablate lesions via H2O-cooled electrodes under ultrasound guidance. Segmental HR was performed after RFA. Resected specimens were reviewed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and for apoptosis. Patient follow-up ranged from 10 to 33 months with evaluation of salient clinical, radiologic, and laboratory parameters. Seven patients (four male and three female) ages 62.1 +/- 10.3 years had sequential RFA/HR. Four patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and three had colorectal metastases (CRm). The tumors were unifocal right-lobe lesions measuring 4.1 +/- 0.9 cm with a resection margin of 0.4 to 2.5 cm. Extensive necrosis was noted but intact nests of tumor cells occurred in all specimens with minimal apoptosis. Three of seven patients (two HCC and one CRm) developed pulmonary metastases at 3 to 20 months with one HCC patient developing concurrent liver metastases. Two deaths occurred in the HCC group. Sequential RFA/HR may minimize local recurrence; however, the high incidence of pulmonary metastases raises concern of transvenous migration. The histologic findings demonstrate foci of intact tumor cells after RFA. Controlled study of additional patients with long-term follow-up is necessary to better understand these findings.     

射频消融对兔肝癌肿瘤微血管密度及血管内皮细胞生长因子的影响

目的　探讨射频消融术对兔肝肿瘤模型的肿瘤微血管密度、血管内皮细胞生长因子的影响。方法　用 32只新西兰白兔制成VX2 细胞肝癌模型 ,分为对照组 (4只 )和射频组 (2 8只 ) ,即术后即时、2、6、12、2 4、4 8、16 8h取材 ,用免疫组织化学SP法观察并测量肿瘤组织的微血管密度 (mir crovesseldensity ,MVD)和血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)的表达。 结果　射频治疗后肿瘤组织MVD和VEGF的表达较术前明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,射频组内不同时间点间无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　射频消融可以有效地破坏肿瘤组织的微血管 ,有效的抑制血管形成并减少肿瘤组织的血液供应。     

Acetic acid versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThe purpose of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy of percutaneous acetic acid (PAAI) to that of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of small (≤ 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a randomized trial.Material and methodsConsecutive patients with small HCC underwent clinical, biochemical, and imaging evaluation. Those fulfilling the inclusion criteria (Child's A/B cirrhosis, less than 5 HCC nodules, HCC nodules ≤ 5 cm diameter, no extrahepatic disease, patent portal vein, normal coagulation profile with informed consent) were randomly assigned to receive RFA or PAAI. Tumor response and survival rate were estimated. Non-inferiority margin of 10% difference was taken for effectivity of PAAI compared to RFA.ResultsOf the 86 patients screened, 55 patients with 67 HCC nodules were included. There were 40 men and 15 women with a mean age of 54.3 ± 10.5 (SD) years (range: 28–71 years). Of these, 26 patients had PAAI and 29 had RFA. The clinical, demographic and imaging profiles of the two groups were similar. Complete response was non-inferior to RFA [PAAI 75% and RFA 83.3%, difference 8.3% CI (−12.5% to 29.2%)]. Lower limit of this 95% CI (−12.5%) was lower than the 10% non-inferiority margin difference (8.3%). Survival rates were similar at 12 months (PAAI, 81.6% vs. RFA, 71.9%; P = 0.68) and at 30 months (PAAI, 54.4% vs. RFA, 52%; P = 0.50).ConclusionPAAI and RFA have similar efficacy in treating small HCC. PAAI could thus be a cost-effective alternative in situations where RFA is either unavailable or unaffordable.     

Intraoperative Ablation for Small HCC not Amenable for Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation in Child A Cirrhotic Patients

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was initially started by radiologists as a percutaneous treatment, but surgeons started to use RFA by surgical approach for patients with tumors at locations difficult for the percutaneous procedure. The aim was to evaluate the results of intraoperative RFA for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (<3 cm) in locations difficult for a percutaneous approach.

Methods

Two hundred forty-seven patients with small solitary HCC (<3 cm) were treated; 196 via percutaneous RFA while 51 patients presented at sites not amenable for percutaneous route. Twenty-seven out of 51 patients underwent surgical resection, while 24/51 patients underwent intraoperative RFA.

Results

The location and depth of the tumor from the liver capsule was the only significant factors in the choice of the surgeon between resection and RFA. RFA was successful in all tumors (complete ablation rate of 100 %). In the surgery group, all patients achieved R0 resection. Complication rate was comparable (p?=?1.0). After a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 10–45 months), no tumors showed neither local progression nor local recurrence and no significant difference was observed between two groups as regards early recurrence and number of de novo lesions (p?=?0.49). One-year and 3-year survival rates were 93 % and 81 %, respectively, in the resection group comparable to the corresponding rates of 92 % and 74 % in the RFA group (p?=?0.9).

Conclusion

For small HCC in locations difficult for a percutaneous approach, intraoperative RFA can be an alternative option for deep-seated tumors necessitating more than one segmentectomy achieving similar tumor control, and overall and disease-free survival.