Analysis of 70Kd heat shock protein expression in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint

Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) was enhanced under stress in joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of 70Kd HSP in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by immunohistochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. For immunohistochemistry, 5 extirpated discs and 16 synovial biopsy specimens from patients with TMJ internal derangement and 2 extirpated discs from normal subjects were examined. For ELISA, synovial fluid from 11 patients with TMJ internal derangement and from 6 normal volunteers were investigated. The results showed that the 70Kd HSP staining intensity in chondrocytes around the damaged area of the articular discs from patients with TMJ internal derangement was higher than that in chondrocytes in control specimens. In addition, 70Kd HSP expression in synovial fluid from patients with TMJ internal derangement was slightly higher than that in normal subjects. These findings suggest that elevated 70Kd HSP expression is related to the progression of TMJ internal derangement.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human dysfunctional temporomandibular joint discs

A high density of blood vessels is found in specimens of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc at any stage of internal derangement of the joint, but the factors responsible for angiogenesis in the disc have not been described. The purpose here was to investigate, in human TMJ discs, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to angiogenesis. Specimens, free of significant morphological alterations and with varying degrees of disc tissue degeneration/regeneration, were studied by immunohistochemistry for VEGF in order to correlate immunohistochemical with histopathological findings. In normal discs and discs with minor pathological changes, fibroblast-like cells, fibrochondrocytes and chondrocyte-like cells were either not or only weakly immunostained by VEGF antibody. In disc specimens from internal derangement of the TMJ with significant tissue degeneration/regeneration, VEGF was consistently expressed. In these specimens, immunoreaction products for VEGF were observed both in the disc and in the endothelial cells of newly formed vessels. This VEGF immunolocalization is consistent with the stimulation of angiogenesis and the morphogenesis and differentiation of chondrocytes. Therefore VEGF expression by disc chondrocyte-like cells might reflect the action of the cytokine as an inducer of angiogenesis and as an autocrine signal for cells of the chondrogenic lineage.     

Expression of heat shock proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an immunohistochemical study

Ito T, Kawabe R, Kurasono Y, Hara M, Kitamura H, Fujita K, Kanisawa M: Expression of heat shock proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 18–22. © Munksgaard, 1998.
Twenty-four specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were immuno-stained for heat shock proteins (HSPs) to reveal differences in stainability among normal epithelium, dysplasia and carcinoma and to clarify the prognostic significance of HSPs in comparison with survival period, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and p53 immunostaining. Normal epithelium was positively stained in the suprabasal layer for HSP60 and HSP70, but was negative for HSP27 and HSP90. Dysplastic lesions were positive for HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90, but stained variously for HSP60. In squamous cell carcinoma, the cytoplasm of suprabasal tumor cells was often positive for HSP27 and HSP90 (18/24, 17/24, respectively). Although HSP immunohistochemistry has revealed changes in HSP expression during tumorigenesis of squamous epithelium of the tongue, there was no correlation between HSP staining and survival period, stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or p53 immunostaining.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in ameloblastomas

BACKGROUND: To clarify the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and stress proteins in oncogenesis and cytodifferentiation of odontogenic epithelium. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) were analyzed in ameloblastomas as well as in tooth germs. METHODS: Specimens of seven tooth germs, 36 benign ameloblastomas and five malignant ameloblastomas were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against iNOS and 27-, 60- and 70-kDa HSPs (HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70). RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for iNOS was detected in normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelial cells and was higher in malignant ameloblastomas than in tooth germs and benign ameloblastomas. HSP27 was expressed constitutively in all odontogenic epithelial cells in tooth germs and benign and malignant ameloblastomas. Expression of HSP60 and HSP70 was detected in normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelial cells and was prominent in cells neighboring the basement membrane. HSP60 reactivity showed no apparent difference between normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelium, whereas HSP70 expression was slightly higher in benign and malignant ameloblastomas than in tooth germs. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of iNOS might be associated with malignant potential of epithelial odontogenic tumors. Elevated expression of HSP70 is considered to be involved in neoplastic transformation of odontogenic epithelial cells.     

CD44 standard form (CD44H) expression and distribution in dysfunctional human temporomandibular joint discs

The expression pattern of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 standard form (CD44H) in dysfunctional human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs was studied immunohistochemically and compared with normal disc pattern in order to evaluate the expression of this adhesion molecule and correlate it to histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD44H antibodies was performed on paraffin sections of pathological and normal discs. In normal TMJ discs, a moderate immunolabelling with anti-CD44H antibodies was detectable in fibroblastlike cells, in the few fibrochondrocytes and in chondrocytelike cells. In dysfunctional discs, the staining pattern and intensity varied according to the histopathological findings of the specimens. The TMJ discs showing abnormal collagen arrangement or fragmentation of collagen fibres presented overall the same immunolabelling pattern of normal discs. In the discs showing areas of fibrocartilaginous metaplasia, CD44H expression was upregulated in fibrochondrocytes and fibroblastlike cells, especially around the chondroid tissue. Overall, these results suggest that CD44H mediates the binding of some ECM proteins in TMJ disc cells. The up-regulation of CD44H observed in some dysfunctional TMJ discs seems to indicate a prevention of apoptosis in fibroblastlike cells and an important role in phenotypical change of fibrochondrocytes into chondroblastlike cells, enabling the aggregation of chondroid tissue pericellular matrix components.     

Heat shock protein 27 expression in areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas

Oral Diseases (2012) 18 , 713–719 Objectives: Heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is a low‐molecular‐weight protein that functions as a molecular chaperone and plays a cytoprotective role through its antioxidant activity during cell stress. Areca quid chewing is associated with the high incidence of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to compare heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) expression in OSCCs and the normal oral tissues. Methods: Forty‐eight OSCCs from areca quid chewers and ten normal oral tissue biopsy samples without areca quid chewing were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HSP27. The normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were challenged with arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, by Western blot for HSP27. Furthermore, epigallocatechin‐3 gallate (EGCG), glutathione precursor N‐acetyl‐l ‐cysteine (NAC), cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor NS‐398, HSP inhibitor quercetin, extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. Results: Heat shock protein 27 exhibited higher expression in OSCCs than normal specimens (P < 0.05). Arecoline was found to elevate HSP27 expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The additions of pharmacological agents were found to inhibit arecoline‐induced HSP27 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Heat shock protein 27 expression is significantly elevated in areca quid chewing‐associated OSCCs. Arecoline‐induced HSP27 expression was downregulated by EGCG, NS398, NAC, quercetin, PD98059, and SB203580.     

Immunolocalization of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin in dysfunctional human temporomandibular joint disc samples

The expression of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin was examined in 10 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc samples, with internal derangement and in two control specimens, in order to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of TMJ disc cells in relationship to histological findings. This was accomplished by means of monoclonal antibodies specific for vimentin and alpha-SM actin and immunocytochemical technique. The study, revealed that every disc cell constantly expressed vimentin. Scattered alpha-SM actin positive cells could be appreciated in normal TMJ discs and tissues with minor pathological findings. In TMJ discs with severe alterations, i.e. tears and clefts, almost fibroblast-like cells, fibrochondrocytes and chondrocyte-like cells were strongly immunolabelled by anti-alpha-SM actin antibody. According to these findings it can be assumed that vimentin is expressed by all disc cell populations and it appears not to be influenced by any disease condition of the disc; on the other hand the up-regulation alpha-SM actin immunolabelling seems to be correlated to histopathological findings of tears and clefts. Cells, with a contractile phenotype, close to such defects, could be involved in disc tissue contraction and repair. The plasticity of disc cell populations which evolve towards a different phenotype when subjected to action of macro- and micro-environmental factors is also supported.     

体外rhIL—1β诱导髁状突软骨细胞HSP70的表达及其意义

目的 明确热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在人重组白细胞介素－1（rhIL-1β）刺激下对下颌骨髁状突软骨细胞的保护作用。方法 通过原代细胞培养获得兔髁状突软骨细胞,在生长良好的第三代软骨细胞中分别加入不同浓度的rhIL-1β,并利用原位杂交及免疫组织化学技术检测rhIL-1β处理软骨细胞后HSP70的表达变化。结果 正常髁状突软骨细胞胞浆内有HSP70蛋白弱表达,rhIL-1β（10ng/ml）作用12h后HSP70出现表达升高,部分细胞核内也可见表达,48h后信号开始减弱。HSP70mRNA的表达与蛋白表达基本一致。结论 一定浓度的rhIL-1β刺激髁状突软骨细胞可诱导HSP70的转录及蛋白合成,提示HSP70可能在骨关节炎症损伤中对软骨细胞起到保护作用。     

ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 expression in human temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement,correlates with degeneration

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (ID) is one of the most common form of temporomandibular disorders. There is evidence showing the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the cells from degenerated TMJ disc. ADAMTS are a large family of metalloproteases which are responsible for proteoglycans degradation. The present study aimed to evaluate ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 immunohistochemical expression in human TMJ discs from patients affected by ID, and to find out if there is any correlation with the degree of histopathological changes. Eighteen temporomandibular displaced disc specimens and sixteen TMJ disc control were used for the present study. Specimens were immunohistochemically processed and ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 expression were obtained respectively for the anterior (AB), intermediate (IB) and posterior (PB) bands and compared to the histopathological degeneration score (HDS). Immunoreactivity for ADAMTS‐4 and ‐5, was observed in both not degenerated and degenerated human TMJ discs. Both the percentage of ADAMTS‐4 and ‐5 immunostained cells (ES) and the intensity of staining (IS) were significantly greater in affected specimens compared with those in control discs. The ADAMTS‐5 ES and IS of the 3 bands of the disc correlated to the TMJ disc HDS (0.001 < P < 0.05), on the other hand only AB and IB, ADAMTS‐4 immunostaining scores correlated to HDS. According to these findings it can be assumed in that the more histopathological changes in the disc are detected, the higher levels of ADAMTS are produced. This in turn can lead to ECM breakdown and in turn to a more advanced disc displacement.     

The expression of substance P in human temporomandibular joint samples: an immunohistochemical study

The expression of neuropeptide substance P was examined in 18 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples with internal derangement of the TMJ, and in 10 control specimens. The examination was carried out using an immunohistological technique, using paraffin-embedded tissue and specific anti-human substance P polyclonal antibody. We noted five characteristic distribution patterns of substance P expression: at the nerves' fibre bundles in the connective tissues of the anterior and/or posterior attachment; around the blood vessels in the attachments; at the margin of the TMJ disc and synovial membrane layer; on the surface of hypertrophic synovial membranes with inflammation and proliferation; and around the newly formed capillaries in the TMJ discs. In TMJs with internal derangement associated with severe pain, we found distinct substance P expression in most of the specimens. The expression was particularly intense at the margin of the TMJ disc and synovial membrane layer, on the surface of hypertrophic synovial membranes and around the newly formed capillaries in the TMJ discs. The clinical symptoms of internal derangement of the TMJ are thought to be associated with the degree of synovitis. We conclude that the expression of substance P seems to be closely related to histopathological changes of the human TMJ with internal derangement.     

Heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecules and distributed widely in nature. They are also distributed in the skin, however, only limited information is available on the role of HSPs in the skin diseases. Immunohistochemical study of HSPs in the skin revealed that HSPs are differently expressed in the epidermal cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), atopic dermatitis, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and so on. In normal healthy skin HSPs are constantly expressed in the epidermal cells. HSPs are expressed in the skin according to the influence of both external and internal milieu of the diseased conditions. Cytokines released in the skin strongly affect to express HSPs in epidermal cells. HSPs expressed in the skin can be targets for infiltrated T cells to modulate immune response of skin diseases. Roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis of SLE, GVHD, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are discussed in this review. HSPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory skin diseases. They can be the molecules to evaluate both diseased conditions and inflammatory process of the skin diseases.     

热休克蛋白27在烟草烟雾提取物介导的牙龈成纤维细胞损伤中的表达变化

目的 观察在不同质量分数烟草烟雾提取物（CSE）干预下,热休克蛋白（HSP）27在人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）损伤过程中的表达。方法 取原代培养并经过鉴定的3~8代HGFs,采用细胞划痕试验检测不同刺激质量分数（0、2.5%、5.0%、12.5%、25.0%、50.0%）的CSE对HGFs体外迁移的影响,并采用Western blot方法检测HSP27在HGFs中的表达。结果 CSE质量分数越高,细胞的迁移能力越弱;HSP27在正常HGFs中呈弱阳性表达,在CSE刺激后的HGFs中呈强阳性表达,且随CSE质量分数的增高,HSP27的相对表达量有逐渐增高的趋势,与细胞迁移能力相反。结论 HSP27在CSE介导的HGFs损伤中表达升高,在CSE介导的上皮损伤中有重要作用。     

Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Periapical Granulomas

Introduction

Cells from virtually all organisms respond to a variety of stresses by the rapid synthesis of a highly conserved set of polypeptides termed heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs protect cells under adverse conditions such as infection, inflammation, and disease. We hypothesize that endodontic infection might result in an imbalance in the expression of heat shock genes, accounting for different clinical outcomes in periapical lesions.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of 44 HSPs genes using a pathway-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction array in 93 human periapical granulomas and 24 healthy periodontal ligament tissues collected postoperatively. Observed variations in the expression of HSP genes were also analyzed based on the classification of periapical granulomas as active or inactive. In addition, U937 cells were differentiated into macrophages, infected with different concentrations of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and used as templates for the HSP gene array. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

The expression of HSP genes was significantly increased in granulomas compared with healthy periodontal ligament (P < .00001). Among the 44 HSP genes, DNAJC3, HSPA4, HSPA6, and HSPB1 showed the highest expression levels in both granulomas and LPS-treated macrophages. DNAJC3, HSPA6, and HSPB1 were highly expressed in active lesions, whereas HSPA4 expression was higher in inactive lesions (P < .005). Higher concentrations of LPS led to increased HSP expression in macrophages (P < .0001). Immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression and colocalization of HSPB1 and HSPA6 proteins in the cytoplasm of LPS-infected macrophages.

Conclusions

The observed differential expression patterns of HSPs in periapical granulomas and LPS-infected macrophages suggest that HSP genes and proteins are involved in periapical lesion development and may account for different clinical outcomes. Understanding the role of the heat shock response might provide additional insights into the process of periapical lesion development.     

粘液表皮样癌中热休克蛋白70和细胞周期调节蛋白p27表达与预后的研究

目的研究热休克蛋白70(heat shock proteins 70,HSP70)和细胞周期调节蛋白p27在粘液表皮样癌(mucoepidermoid carcinoma, MEC)中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系和对预后的影响.方法应用免疫组化LSAB法检测44例MEC中HSP70和p27表达,选用10例多形性腺瘤(plemorphic adenomas, PAs)作对照.结果 HSP70在MEC中表达明显高于在PAs中(P＜0.05).p27在MEC中表达显著低于在PAs中(P＜0.01).在MEC和PAs中,HSP70和p27表达呈负相关(P＜0.05).在MEC中,HSP70表达与肿瘤组织学分级、临床分期、肿瘤大小呈正相关(P＜0.05),p27表达与组织分级、临床分期、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移呈负相关(P＜0.05).多因素生存分析显示HSP70表达与不良预后显著相关.结论 HSP70可能是MEC独立的预后预测指标,p27对MEC预后预测有一定意义.     

Lubricin immunohistochemical expression in human temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 587–592 Lubricin is a chondroprotective, mucinous glycoprotein which contribute to joint lubrication, especially to boundary lubrication and maintains joint integrity. The present investigation aimed to study the immunolocalization of lubricin in TMJ discs from patients affected by anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) ADDwoR. Eighteen TMJ displaced disc affected by ADDwoR were processed immunohistochemically, with a polyclonal anti‐lubricin antibody, used at 1:50 working dilution. The percentage of lubricin immunopositive cells (extent score = ES) and the extent of lubricin staining of the disc extracellular matrix (ECM), were evaluated. Each sample was scored for histopathological changes. Percentage of immunostained surface disc cells was the same (ES = 4) in both control and ADDwOR cells, being this data not statistically significant (P < 0.05). In pathological specimens the percentages of lubricin‐stained cells was very high with an ES of 4 respect to control specimen, and this difference was statistically significant different (P > 0.05). The extracellular matrix (ECM) of discs at the disc surfaces of both pathological and normal specimens was very heavily stained (++++). Both the ES and ECM staining were not statistically correlated to the TMJ degeneration score according to the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. According to our findings, a longstanding TMJ disc injury, affects lubricin expression in the TMJ disc tissue and not its surfaces, moreover, lubricin immunostaining is not correlated to TMJ disc histopathological changes.     

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and heat shock proteins in periapical inflammatory lesions

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms responsible for activation and proliferation of lining epithelium involved in inflammatory processes in periapical inflammatory lesions remain unclear. In this study, the expression and distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) were immunohistochemically investigated in periapical inflammatory lesions. METHODS: Control specimens of periodontal ligaments including Malassez epithelial rests from seven teeth and periapical inflammatory lesions (15 apical granulomas (AGs), 16 radicular cysts (RCs), and 10 residual radicular cysts (RRCs)) were prepared and examined by the standard streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method using anti-iNOS rabbit polyclonal antiserum, and anti-HSP27, -HSP60, -HSP70 mouse monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for iNOS was detected in macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells of granulation tissue and in lining epithelium of periapical inflammatory lesions. Malassez epithelial rests showed no or slight staining for iNOS. The epithelial staining intensity of iNOS in RCs was greater than that in Malassez epithelial rests and RRCs. Immunoreactivity for HSP27 was recognized in inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and lining epithelium of periapical inflammatory lesions and in Malassez epithelial rests. HSP60 was detected in some lymphocytes of granulation tissue and in lining epithelium of periapical inflammatory lesions, whereas Malassez epithelial rests showed no staining for HSP60. Epithelial HSP60 reactivity was more intense in RCs than in RRCs. HSP70 was expressed in lymphocytes, endothelial cells and lining epithelium of periapical inflammatory lesions and in Malassez epithelial rests. The staining intensity of HSP70 in Malassez epithelial rests was slightly lower than that in lining epithelium of RCs and RRCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the expressions of iNOS, HSP60, and HSP70 are involved in inflammatory processes and might play a role in the activation and proliferation of lining epithelium, leading to progression of periapical inflammatory lesions.     

The expression of tenascin mRNA in human temporomandibular joint specimens

The expression of mRNA of tenascin in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and synovial membrane was examined in 20 human TMJ samples from patients with internal derangement of the TMJ and 10 control specimens by in situ hybridization technique using paraffine-embedded tissue, and antisense and sense cRNA probes. In control specimens, tenascin mRNA was not expressed. However, we were able to find tenascin mRNA expression in the surgical specimens. In 15 of 20 samples, ranging numbers of synovial cells expressed tenascin mRNA in the hypertrophic synovial membranes. Also, in 6 of 20 samples, tenascin mRNA was identified in fibroblasts. In four specimens, vascular endothelial cells were positive for the mRNA. In internal derangement cases, histopathological findings are often found such as synovitis, new capillary growth and fibrosis. The present study demonstrates that tenascin is produced specifically in synovial cells, vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts affected in the portion of TMJ with internal derangement.     

Localization of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in human temporomandibular joint discs

The localization of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs was examined immunohistologically with anti-human collagen IV antibody and anti-human von Willebrand factor in 26 human TMJ samples. The 16 internal derangement cases were then compared with the 10 normal control cases. The findings suggested that blood capillaries scarcely existed in all the fields of normal control TMJ discs (5/270, 1.9%) nor did lymph capillaries exist in the normal TMJ discs (0/270, 0%). New growth of blood capillaries had localized in all fields of the internal derangement discs specimens (113/378, 29.9%) and was concentrated in the lower area of the posterior part of the discs. The authors also observed a small distribution of lymph capillaries in all fields of this material (17/378, 4.5%). The new growth of lymph capillaries were always related to the blood capillary distribution and therefore their presence might be directly related to the capillary proliferation.     

Immune-expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in recurrent aphthous ulceration

Background:  Recently, abnormal cellular immune response has been considered responsible for the oral lesion in the recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). For reasons not yet defined, antigens of the oral microbiota would trigger abnormal Th1 immune response against epithelial cells. On the other hand, studies have demonstrated that heat shock proteins (HSP) can block the production of proinflammatory cytokine through inhibition of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways or activate anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore control the magnitude of the immune response. HSP27 has been considered a powerful inductor of IL-10, a major inhibitor of Th1 response.
Methods:  Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression and location of HSP27 and IL-10 in ulcerated lesions clinically diagnosed as RAU ( n  = 27) and to compare it with that of oral clinically normal mucosa (CT; n  = 6) and of other inflammatory chronic diseases such as oral fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH; n  = 18), Crohn's disease (CD; n  = 10) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n  = 9).
Results:  A lower proportion of HSP27-positive epithelial cells in RAU and CD were observed when compared with CT and FIH ( P  < 0.001**; P  = 0.013**). A lower proportion of IL-10-positive interstitial cells in RAU was observed when compared with FIH, UC, CT and CD ( P  < 0.001**; P  < 0.001**; P  < 0.001**; P  = 0.034*).
Conclusion:  Altogether the data suggest that a reduced cellular expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in RAU might be related with the aetiopathogenesis of the ulcerated oral lesions.     

Overexpression of heat shock protein 27 is associated with good prognosis in the patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma

We investigated the expression and biological significance of heat shock protein (HSP)-27 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The expression of HSP-27 was quantified immunohistochemically in specimens from 37 patients with oral SCC. Findings were correlated with lymph node metastases, effect of chemotherapy, and survival. The presence of HSP-27 was identified in 31 of the 37 specimens (84%). Expression was low in 4 patients (11%), intermediate in 13 (35%), and high in 14 (38%). There were significant differences in the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy (Oboshi-Shimosato's grade) and prognosis in relation to expression of HSP-27. We found no correlation between the extent of expression of HSP-27 and stage or differentiation of the tumour.