左心室造影功能成像的临床应用

为探讨左心室造影功能成像的价值与限度，我们选择冠脉及左心室造影者38例行左室功能成像，观察左室壁运动情况并与节段法室壁运动定量分析比较。结果示左室收缩正常18例，其各节段EF值平均39％，节段性收缩减弱7例，无收缩3例，矛盾收缩4例，普遍性收缩减弱6例，病变节段的EF值平均5～19％，明显低于正常者（P＜0．01）。结论：左室功能成像效果直观且客观，可作为室壁运动定量分析的一个重要补充。     

空间时间综合分析法定量测定心室壁运动的初步报告

本文应用空间时间壁运动综合分析法(直线相关技术)测定经冠状动脉造影证实的14例正常人和11例冠心病患者左心室造影电影图像的室壁运动。壁运动的参数为相关系数r。在正常组中,r=0.969±0.015,在冠心病组中,非缺血区r=0.960±0.020,缺血区r=0.585±0.502。结果表明本法对检测冠心病的心室壁运动障碍具有高的敏感性和特异性且能估计壁运动障碍的范围。     

解剖M型超声心动图在冠心病室壁运动障碍中的应用

目的 探讨解剖M型超声心动图技术在分析冠心病患者室壁运动障碍中的应用价值.方法 53例冠心病患者分为心绞痛组(Ⅰ组)和心肌梗死组(Ⅱ组)进行解剖M型超声心动图检查,采集左室短轴二尖瓣腱索水平的二维图像,测量左心室前壁、后壁和下壁各节段的室壁运动幅度和收缩期增厚率,并和30例正常对照组(Ⅲ组)比较.结果 Ⅲ组左室壁各节段的运动幅度和收缩增厚率均在正常范围.与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组比较,Ⅱ组运动幅度和收缩增厚率均明显减低(P<0.05),Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组间运动幅度和收缩增厚率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 解剖M型技术为左室局部收缩功能的评价以及节段性室壁运动障碍的判断提供了简便、客观精确的科学方法.     

超声与导管法左室造影检测冠心病患者左室功能的对照研究

目的 评价超声心动图(UCG)与导管法左室造影(LVG)检测左心室功能的相关性与一致性.方法 87例临床诊断冠心病的患者同时行UCG及LVG检查,分别测定左室射血分数(LVEF)并检测左室节段性室壁运动障碍.结果 两种方法测定的LVEF值相关性良好(r=0.849,P＜0.000 1);UCG所测定的LVEF值均值为0.488±0.160,而LVG测定值为0.492±0.188,两者差异无显著性(P=0.8446).UCG检测左室节段运动异常的总体敏感性和特异性分别达80.4%与75%,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别达82.0%,73.0%.在LVEF＜55%组敏感性和特异性分别达92.3%与100%,阳性与阴性预测值分别为100%与50.0%.结论 两种方法测定的LVEF值具有较高的相关性与一致性.UCG检测节段性室壁运动异常有较高的准确性,在冠心病患者左室功能的诊断方面,可作为传统的导管法左室造影一种替代的无创性检查方法.     

速度向量成像技术评价冠心病心肌缺血患者节段心肌收缩功能的初步研究

目的应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术比较静息状态下相同节段的正常心肌及缺血心肌纵向和径向的运动特点,评价VⅥ技术对冠心病患者节段心肌收缩功能的临床价值。方法选取健康志愿者30例和冠心病心肌缺血患者30例,分别为健康对照组与观察组。观察心尖四腔、二腔和左室长轴切面,室壁均分为基底段、中间段、心尖段等3个节段;胸骨旁短轴切面二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平、近心尖部水平3个短轴切面水平节段,分别测量缺血节段及正常节段的心肌速度(Vs)、应变(ε)和应变率(SR)。结果健康对照组左心室各室壁心尖段、中间段和基底段Vs依次递增(P<0.05);ε、SR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);左心室各室壁近心尖水平、乳头肌水平以及二尖瓣水平径向Vs、ε、SR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组缺血节段与健康对照组相比VVI测值降低(P<0.05)。血供正常节段与健康对照组相比VVI测值无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 VVI技术可以作为无创冠心病诊断指标,有助于确定或排除冠心病诊断。     

二维斑点追踪技术联合实时三维超声心动图评价尿毒症心肌病左心室收缩功能及其同步性

目的: 联合应用二维斑点追踪技术(two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, 2DSTI)与实时三维超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE)评价尿毒症心肌病(uremic myocardiopathy, UM)患者左心室收缩功能与同步性。方法: 对33例UM患者及35例健康体检者行常规超声心动图检查,采用M型超声测量左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)以及左心室射血分数(M EF);留取左室短轴基底段、中间段及心尖段二维灰阶动态图像,采用Qlab软件分析左室短轴16节段（心尖除外）收缩期峰值轴向应变及应变率;采集左心室实时三维全容积图像,测量左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、射血分数(EF3d),分析左心室16节段（心尖除外）达收缩期最小容积点时间的标准差(Tmsv 16-SD、Tmsv 12-SD、Tmsv 6-SD)及最大时间差(Tmsv 16-Dif、Tmsv 12-Dif、Tmsv 6-Dif),并对标准差及时间差进行心率校正。结果： UM组LVESV、LVEDd、IVSd及LVPWd均明显大于对照组(P<0.05), EF3d明显小于对照组(P<0.05),左室短轴3个切面的应变及应变率均比对照组明显降低（P<0.01）;UM患者16节段、12节段(中间段和基底段)和6节段(基底段)Tmsv的标准差和最大时间差值均明显大于对照组（P<0.01）。结论： 2DSTI和RT 3DE能更加准确无创地判断UM患者的左心收缩功能及同步性。     

二维斑点追踪技术联合实时三维超声心动图评价下壁、后壁心肌梗死患者左心室收缩功能及同步性

目的: 联合应用二维斑点追踪技术(two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, 2DSTI)与实时三维超声心动图(real time three dimensional echocardiography, RT 3DE)评价下壁、后壁心肌梗死患者左心室收缩功能与同步性。方法: 对20例下壁、后壁心肌梗死患者（心肌梗死组）及健康对照组20例行常规超声心动图检查,获得左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）;同时存储心尖四腔心观、二腔心观、左室长轴观及二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平、心尖水平左室短轴观的足够帧频二维图像。采用Qlab 9.0软件分析收缩期峰值纵向应变及圆周应变。采用RT 3DE获取左心室全容积图像,用Qlab 9.0软件获得左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏输出量（SV）及射血分数(EF3d),并分析左心室16节段达收缩期最小容积点时间的标准差(Tmsv16-SD)及最大时间差(Tmsv16 Dif),并对标准差及时间差进行心率校正。结果： 两种方法测得的LVEF值心肌梗死组明显小于健康对照组(P<0.05),LVEDD、LVESD、LVESV明显大于健康对照组(P<0.05),SV明显小于健康对照组(P<0.05);心肌梗死组下壁、后壁对应节段及相邻的部分节段纵向应变及圆周应变均比健康对照组明显降低（P<0.05）;心肌梗死患者Tmsv16-SD校正值和Tmsv16 Dif校正值均明显大于健康对照组（P<0.01）。结论： 2DSTI和RT 3DE能更加准确无创地判断下壁、后壁心肌梗死患者的节段性室壁运动异常及不同步性。     

速度向量成像技术评价正常人左心室节段心肌收缩功能的初步研究

目的应用速度向量成像技术(VVI)比较静息状态下左心室相同节段的正常心肌纵向和径向的运动特点,评价VVI技术对正常人左心室节段心肌收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选取健康志愿者30例,采用西门子公司Sequoia 512超声诊断仪,在VVI模式下选取心尖四腔、心尖二腔、心尖左室长轴;二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平及近心尖水平左室短轴切面,定量分析左室前间隔、前壁、侧壁、下壁、后壁及后间隔的径向运动,以及纵向的基底段、中间段及心尖段等3个分段中正常心肌节段的心肌运动速度(Vs)、应变(S)、应变率(SR)。结果正常人左心室各室壁基底段、中间段和心尖段速度依次递减:基底段>中间段>心尖段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);应变、应变率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。左心室各室壁二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平、近心尖部水平径向速度、应变、应变率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论速度向量成像技术能够定量评价左心室节段收缩功能,为临床评价心脏运动及功能提供新方法。     

超声心动图对左心室收缩功能的评价

对３３例患者行放射性核素门控心血池显像及超声心动图检查，比较二者所测左心室射血分数。受检者包括正常人、冠心病、急性或陈旧性心肌梗塞、心肌病及二尖瓣脱垂，其中节段性室壁运动异常１４例，非节段性室壁运动异常１９例。结果表明：超声心动图在评价左心室收缩功能时可以代替其他有创及昂贵的检查方法，测定左心室射血分数；５种计算方法中，以二维改良Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ法最为准确，适用于各种室壁运动患者，而简便的Ｍ型Ｔｅｉｃｈｈｏｌｚ法仅适用于非节段性室壁运动异常的患者。     

冠心病左室心肌局部收缩功能异常的二维斑点追踪成像检测

超声二维斑点追踪成像技术(two-dimensionalspeckle tracking imaging,2D-ST)通过逐帧追踪灰阶图像中散射性微小斑点的运动轨迹,具有空间和时间分辨率高、无角度依赖性等特点,为评价心肌节段性室壁运动和力学变化提供了无创伤的定量分析方法.作者使用2D-ST测量正常人、心绞痛和心肌梗死患者左心室长轴及短轴各节段的二维纵向、径向和周向应变值,探讨正常人室壁二维应变的规律以及2D-ST评价冠心病局部心肌收缩功能的临床价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.