富硒饲料对高脂血症大鼠红细胞和脑细胞风钙离子浓度的影响

为了研究富硒膳对高脂血症大鼠红细胞及脑细胞细胞内钙离子浓度的影响,用钙离子荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ标记法分别测定大鼠红细胞及脑细胞内钙离子浓度。结果：补充硒的实验组大鼠脑细胞内钙离子浓度（猪油加硒组５９７．４９±５３２．８９ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇｐｒ,玉米油中硒组２５７．８６±４３．３２ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇｐｒ）水补充硒组（猪油组６和．５１±５７８．５９ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇｐｒ,玉米油组４２８．１４±３０６．１０     

富硒蒜对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化作用的影响

为了观察富硒蒜对实验性高脂血症大鼠脂和抗氧化能力的影响，取76只成年Wistar大鼠分为6组，雌雄各半，A组为正常对照组，B组为高脂（HFD）对照组，C组为HFD＋亚硒酸钠组，D组为HFD＋富硒蒜组，E组为HFD＋普通蒜组，F组为HFD＋普通蒜＋亚硒酸钠组，A，B、E组饲料硒水平为0．08mg/kg，其它三组为2．7mg/kg，实验期12周，结束时取血及肝，肾组织进行生化测定和肝病理检查，结果表明，C，D和F组动物血清总胆固醇，甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量都显著低于高脂对照组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则高于高脂对照组，雌鼠的血脂对高脂饲料的反应比雄鼠更敏感。C，D，E，F组动物体内过氧化状态升高的程度均显著低于高脂对照组动物，表现为肝组织内脂质过氧化物丙二醛的含量显著降低及肝组织及红细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和血浆内过氧化物歧化酶活力不同程度地升高，D，F组雄性动物肝，肾中硒含量高于C组，最显著的是在该两组雌雄动物红细胞中大量蓄积硒，病理检查发现，四个实验组动物肝组织含量高于C组，最显著的是在该两组雌雄动物红细胞中大量蓄积硒，病理检查发现，四个实验组动物肝组织脂肪变性的程度显著轻于高脂对照组动物，在D组动物中表现得尤明显结果说明，从预防高血脂和对抗脂质过氧化作用的角度，富硒蒜优于亚硒酸钠或普通蒜，也稍优于合并使用普通蒜和亚硒酸钠。     

含富硒平菇和纤维素的植物性饲料对高脂血症大鼠的血脂和脂质过氧 …

流行病学资料表明 ,高脂膳食和体内脂质过氧化的程度与心血管疾病、癌症等密切相关 ,纤维素和蘑菇的降脂作用已经得到许多实验的证实。硒作为抗氧化营养素可以抑制脂质过氧化反应 [1 ,2 ] ,膳食纤维也可使实验动物体内脂质过氧化程度显著降低 [3 ] 。本实验在诱发大鼠高脂血症以后 ,分别在植物性饲料中加入纤维素和富硒平菇 ,观察它们对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢和脂质过氧化作用的影响 ,为通过饮食降低血脂、预防冠心病和动脉粥样硬化的发生提供参考。1　材料与方法1.1　实验动物雄性断乳 Wistar大鼠 2 8只 ,体重 15 0～ 180 g,由河北医科大学…     

富硒小麦与富硒玉米对大鼠组织硒状态影响的比较

目的 :比较富硒小麦和富硒玉米的补硒作用。方法 :给低硒大鼠补充富硒小麦或富硒玉米 ,观察大鼠组织硒水平和组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)活性的变化。结果 :两种补硒方式均能升高肾脏、肝脏、心肌的硒水平和心肌的 GSH- Px活性 ;富硒小麦升高和维持肾脏、肝脏和心肌硒水平的作用与富硒玉米相同 ;富硒小麦升高心肌 GSH- Px活性作用在补硒 6周和停止补硒 3周时显著高于富硒玉米。结论 :富硒小麦的补硒作用优于富硒玉米。     

全氟辛酸对大鼠星形胶质细胞内游离钙离子的影响

目的 探讨全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)对新生大鼠星形胶质细胞(astrocytes,As)内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响.方法 星形胶质细胞取材于新生24 h内清洁级Wistar大鼠.传代细胞达到80％融合时进行染毒(PFOA终浓度分别为0、50、100、200、500μmol/L).以Fura-2/AM荧光探针法测定PFOA染毒1、2、3h后星形胶质细胞内的([Ca2+]i).结果 星形胶质细胞内的[Ca2+]i随着PFOA剂量的增加和染毒时间的延长而增加,染毒1h时500μmol/L剂量组星形胶质细胞内的[Ca2+]i为353.57 nmol/L,染毒2h时达到528.37 nmol/L,均高于对照组(161.86、155.03 nmol/L),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).当染毒3h时,50、100、200、500 μmol/L剂量组星形胶质细胞内的[Ca2+]i分别为320.93、396.43、601.26、476.20 nmol/L,均显著高于对照组(164.62 nmol/L)(P＜0.01),同时也显著高于相同剂量染毒1h的[Ca2+]i (P＜0.01).结论 PFOA可通过增加新生大鼠星形胶质细胞内[Ca2+]i而影响中枢神经系统钙平衡.     

两种富硒植物对大鼠高脂血症和脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的比研究富硒绿羽和富硒蒜抑制高脂血症和脂质过氧化作用效果。方法取Wistar大鼠60只,经适应性喂养1w以后,按照体重队列随机分为6组,分别为基础饲料对照组、高脂饲料对照组、富硒蒜治疗组、富硒绿羽治疗组、富硒蒜预防组和富硒绿羽预防组。除基础饲料对照组外,其余5组均喂饲高脂饲料。富硒植物处理组以每日300μgSe/kgbw植物硒分别灌胃12w(预防组)和4w(治疗组),预防组从第2w、治疗组从第3个月开始植物硒灌胃,基础饲料对照组以同等体积蒸馏水灌胃。3个月后,处死大鼠,测定血浆、红细胞和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量以及全血、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性。结果与高脂饲料对照(HFD)组比较,富硒植物处理组大鼠的血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量和动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)下降,HDL-C水平显著升高,预防组大鼠血脂的变化幅度显著大于治疗组。富硒植物处理组全血和肝脏GPX活性显著提高,血浆、红细胞和肝脏的MDA含量变化复杂,以富硒蒜治疗组MDA含量降低最明显。结论富硒绿羽和富硒蒜具有控制高血脂症发生发展能力,预防效果优于治疗效果。短期摄入富硒蒜清除组织MDA能力最高。     

大鼠对富硒平菇硒的生物利用率

本实验用低硒大鼠对人工栽培富硒平菇作了硒生物利用率观察。大鼠按体重随机分为9组,其中1组为低硒对照组,2～5组补充Na_2SeO_3,饲料内硒含量分别为:0.51、0.75、1.91、3.18ppm;6～9组补充富硒平菇,硒为0.45、0.72、1.59、3.41ppm。3周后处死大鼠,采血、肝、测定硒含量,并测定红细胞GSH-Px酶活性。结果表明:血、肝硒值及红细胞GSH-Px酶活性均随补硒浓度的增加而增加,以亚硒酸钠为基准,富硒平菇硒生物利用率,按血硒指标为66.66％;按肝硒指标为125％;按红细胞GSH-Px酶活性指标为123.42％,说明人工栽培富硒平菇可作为极好的食物硒来源。     

富硒粮对大鼠体内铅,汞,硒蓄积量的影响

富硒粮对大鼠体内铅、汞、硒蓄积量的影响于敬海１董陆陆１于泓１周葆初２潘丽元３都昌杰４由于生态环境中的铅、汞含量的不断增高［１，２］，人体对铅、汞的摄入量也在不断地增高，导致人体内铅、汞的蓄积中毒。本文通过动物模型，研究了富硒粮中的硒对大鼠体内铅、汞、...     

富硒鸡蛋对人血硒水平的影响

硒主要以谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的形式发挥抗氧化作用 ,清除脂质过氧化物和自由基以保护细胞膜。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶将产生的氢过氧化物迅速分解成醇和水 ,自由基是在细胞中的核酸和染色体发生过氧化反应而产生丙二醛。自由基不能及时清除就会损坏细胞膜结构而趋向病变。0价元素硒几乎不具备生物活性和毒性。富硒鸡蛋硒的来源是通过食物链循环形成的天然有机硒 ,与硫氨基酸和多糖体结合的硒 ,其利用率高 ,并且安全系数大。1　材料与方法1 1　材料 :富硒鸡蛋由吉林市金吉养殖厂提供 ,吉林市市场销售的普通鸡蛋作为对照。1 2　试剂和仪器 :硒标…     

富硒蛋白对小鼠免疫功能影响

目的观察富硒蛋白对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响作用。方法选用48只继康的ICR小鼠，随机分成4组，在饲料中分别加入贫硒蛋白、贫硒蛋白与亚硒酸钠混合物、富硒牛奶、富硒蛋白，进行30d的喂饲后测定小鼠淋巴器官指数、迟发型变态反应、溶血空斑形成数。结果富硒蛋白能够促进小鼠溶血空斑的形成，刺激迟发型变态反应，作用优于相同硒含量的富硒牛奶或者贫硒蛋白与无机硒的混合饲料（P〈0．05）。结论该富硒蛋白产品有提高小鼠体液免疫、细胞免疫功能的作用。     

Effects of taurine supplementation on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats fed calcium deficient diet

Taurine supplementation has been shown to have a beneficial effect on femur bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of taurine on ovariectomized rats fed calcium deficient diet could also be reproduced. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group was OVX and the other group received sham operation (SHAM), and received either control diet or a taurine supplemented diet for 6 weeks. All rats were fed on calcium deficient diet (AIN-93: 50% level of calcium) and deionized water. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion, osteocalcin in blood and cross link value were not significantly different among the groups. Within the OVX group, the taurine supplemented group had not higher femur bone mineral content than the control group. This study established the need for a study on the taurine effect on bone with different calcium levels.     

Effects of capsinoid on serum and liver lipids in hyperlipidemic rats

We compared the effects of capsinoid, a non-pungent component, on serum and liver lipids, with that of synthetic capsaicin in hyperlipidemic rats. Male Wistar rats of 9 wk old were divided into 4 groups: a control group receiving a high-fat diet containing 1% cholesterol, and capsaicin, capsinoid-I and capsinoid-II groups supplemented with 0.1 mmol of N-pelargonylvanillylamide (synthetic capsaicin), and 0.1 mmol and 1.0 mmol of capsinoid (capsiate: dihydrocapsiate=63 : 37) per kg of control diet, respectively. All groups were pair-fed for 4 wk. Compared with the control group, serum lipid levels in both capsinoid groups and liver lipid contents in the capsinoid-II group showed the same reduction as that of the capsaicin group. In the capsaicin and capsinoid-I groups, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities were lower and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (HTGL) [EC 3.1.1.3] activities tended to be higher than those of control group. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) [EC 3.1.1.34] activity in adipose tissue was higher in the capsaicin and capsinoid-II groups than in the control group. These results showed that capsinoid can improve serum and liver lipid metabolism comparable to synthetic capsaicin.     

Hypercaloric high-lipid diet and brain development: Effects on cortical spreading depression in adult rats

Abstract

Nutritional conditions early in life constitute one of the environmental factors that can influence brain electrophysiology, as evaluated through the phenomenon denominated as cortical spreading depression (CSD).

Objective

To evaluate the effects of hypercaloric diet intake in different phases of life on CSD features in adult rats.

Methods

Newborn Wistar rats were suckled by dams fed a high-lipid (cafeteria) hypercaloric diet during the lactation period. After suckling, part of the pups remained in the high-lipid diet until the end of the experiment in adulthood (group ‘full-life’ FL), and the other part received the control (lab chow) diet (group L). A third group received the hypercaloric diet only at adulthood (group Ad). When the animals reached 90–93 days of life, CSD was recorded.

Results

CSD propagation velocities (in mm/minute) and CSD amplitudes (in mV) were reduced (P < 0.05) in the groups L (2.77 ± 0.07 and 7.1 ± 2.0 for velocity and amplitude, respectively) and FL (3.05 ± 0.17 and 8.5 ± 1.9), but not in the group Ad (3.36 ± 0.11 and 10.7 ± 2.0), in comparison with a control group (C), fed the lab chow diet during the entire life (3.52 ± 0.18 and 10.8 ± 2.2).

Discussion

CSD velocity changes observed in adulthood were associated with the hypercaloric dietary treatment during brain development, constituting evidence in favor of permanent or at least long-lasting electrophysiological effects related to the prevailing nutritional status during the period of brain growth spurt.     

番茄红素对高脂血症大鼠血细胞和纤溶活性的影响

目的探讨番茄红素对高脂血症大鼠血细胞及纤溶活性的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠40只,根据总胆固醇(TC)水平随机分为5组,每组8只:正常对照组、高脂模型组、氟伐他汀钠10mg/kg bw组、番茄红素11mg/kg bw和44mg/kg bw组。正常对照组饲基础饲料,其余组饲高脂饲料,实验第2、3周氟伐他汀钠和番茄红素灌胃处理。检测TC、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、超氧化物歧化酶活力(SOD)和丙二醛水平(MDA)、血细胞参数、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1),计算tPA/PAI-1比值和动脉粥样硬化指数(AI);HE染色观察主动脉弓的病理变化。结果高脂饲料喂养1周后大鼠形成高脂血症。与模型组比较,番茄红素组的TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA下降,SOD升高;白细胞计数、红细胞体积、血小板体积、GMP-140和PAI-1下降,红细胞计数和tPA上升;AI显著下降,主动脉弓内膜变薄,泡沫细胞减少。番茄红素44mg/kg bw剂量组作用明显。结论番茄红素可能通过降低血脂和抗氧化而保护高脂血症大鼠的血细胞和促进纤溶活性,减轻主动脉病变程度。     

Effects of an alcohol diet on locomotor activity and the acquisition of brain self-stimulation in rats

Male rats (n = 45), implanted with stimulating electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), were allocated to three groups equalized for body weights. One group was given an alcohol liquid diet (Lieber-DeCarli) diet as the sole source of food; a second group was given a control liquid diet in which carbohydrates were substituted for alcohol; and a third group was maintained on standard laboratory chow and water. After four weeks on these diets, all animals were tested during the fifth week of the diets for locomotor activity in five daily 15-min sessions, and their reactivity to handling was also measured. During the sixth and seventh weeks of the diets, animals were allowed to self-train for ICSS during daily 15-min sessions. In the eighth week blood alcohol levels were measured. There were no differences between groups in locomotor activity or reactivity to handling. However, when tested for the acquisition of ICSS, animals on the diet containing alcohol made fewer responses than did those receiving the two control diets (p less than 0.001). The mean blood level of alcohol in the alcohol-consuming group at the time of day of behavioral testing was 50.6 +/- 5.0 mg/dl. These results suggested that the chronic ingestion of an alcohol-containing diet which resulted in only moderate blood levels of alcohol may not affect simple behavior such as locomotor activity, but may produce decrements in the performance of a more complex task such as lever pressing for ICSS.     

断乳后低钙膳食对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖影响

目的探讨断乳后低钙膳食对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖的影响。方法80只刚断乳雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为2组,分别给予低钙或正常钙膳食3周,然后以正常饲料喂养3周。第6周末各组动物又随机分成2组,分别喂饲高脂饲料和基础饲料,观察肥胖发生情况。结果断乳后低钙膳食大鼠食用高脂饲料后体脂含量、血脂、瘦素水平显著升高,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）水平显著降低。结论断乳后给予低钙膳食可能促进高脂膳食大鼠肥胖的发生。     

高脂、高蛋白饮食对幼年大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨高脂、高蛋白饮食对幼年大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法:5~6周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、高脂组和高蛋白组,分别用基础饲料、高脂饲料和高蛋白饲料喂养12周。于第6周和第12周测定血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。结果:与对照组比较,第6周和第12周时,高脂组和高蛋白组大鼠体脂含量明显增加(P<0.05),血清CAT活性明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:短期和长期高脂或高蛋白饮食能增加幼年大鼠体脂含量,并增加机体氧化应激水平。     

断乳后不同饲料构成对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖发生的影响

目的研究断乳后不同饲料构成对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖发生的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠出生后24天断乳,按体重随机分为A、B、C三组,分别给予高碳水化合物供能的基础饲料、高蛋白质供能饲料和高不饱和脂肪供能饲料。3周后均转为基础饲料。2周后再按体重将A组分为A1、A2两组,A1组继续基础饲料,A2、B、C组则转为以猪油为主的高脂膳食,6周后结束实验。分别在不同处理期末每组随机处死8只动物,称重、留取脂肪组织,计算脂体比,采血检测血糖、血脂和激素指标。结果断乳后喂饲高不饱和脂肪饲料可以显著降低高脂膳食大鼠的体重、体脂肪含量和脂体比(P<0.05),显著降低胰岛素水平、提高胰岛素敏感性(P<0.05),显著增加胰高血糖素、甲状腺激素等促脂解激素的水平(P<0.05),增加瘦素敏感性(P<0.05),改善高脂膳食大鼠的瘦素抵抗。早期喂饲高蛋白质饲料也有一定的降低体重、体脂肪含量和促脂解作用趋势,但是该组的血糖值高于A2组。结论断乳后给予高不饱和脂肪饲料可以显著抑制高脂膳食大鼠的肥胖发生。     

高脂饮食对幼年大鼠小肠组织FABP2 mRNA表达的影响

目的检测幼年大鼠在应答高脂饮食时,小肠组织FABP2 mRNA的表达情况,探讨FABP2的表达与幼年大鼠肥胖发生、发展的相关性。方法建立幼年大鼠肥胖模型,采用SYBR Green I荧光染料实时荧光定量PCR方法检测、分析幼年大鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠组织中FABP2 mRNA的表达情况;全自动生化分析仪检测血清生化指标的变化。结果无论是对照组还是肥胖组大鼠,FABP2 mRNA的表达水平在回肠最高,空肠次之,十二指肠最低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,肥胖组大鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠组织中FABP2 mRNA表达水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且肥胖组大鼠血清TG和血糖水平显著升高(P0.05)。结论 FABP2基因在小肠组织不同区段表达量不同;高脂饮食使幼年大鼠小肠组织FABP2 mRNA表达水平降低,体重增加,血清TG水平升高,提示FABP2参与了脂类代谢,与幼年肥胖的发生、发展可能具有一定的关系。     

Combination of berberine and evodiamine inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats

Background

Hyperlipidemia characterized of elevated serum lipid levels is a prevalent disease frequently resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Berberine and evodiamine are herbal products of traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, which are indicated to exert regulation of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of berberine and evodiamine combination in hyperlipidemic rats.

Method

The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established by providing high-fat-diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Berberine (BB), evodiamine (EV), and their combination (BB?+?EV) were orally administered to HFD induced rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, food utilization, histopathology of liver tissues, lipid profiles of serum and liver were measured. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was applied to examine the level of plasma total cholesterol and ß- Sitosterol (BS) to estimate cholesterol absorption activity. Furthermore, intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and ApoB48 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay.

Result

According to the results, decreased levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as hepatic TC were showed in hyperlipidemic rats treated by combination of berberine and evodiamine. GC analysis indicated that the elevated plasma BS was significantly ameliorated by BB, EV, and BB?+?EV. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BB?+?EV treatment down-regulated the expressions of intestinal NPC1L1 and ACAT2, and ApoB48 in HFD induced rats.

Conclusion

Based on the above results, combination of berberine and evodiamine exerted a promising preventive effect on hyperlipidemia, partially through inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol.