The with Electro-oculogram in Choroidal Melanoma Eyes

The electro-oculogram (EOG) in the involved eyes of 20 patients with a choroidal melanoma was compared to the EOG in the uninvolved eyes of these 20 patients and to the EOG in both eyes of 10 patients with a choroidal nevus in one eye and 19 normal control patients. A statistically significant reduction in the EOG occurred in eyes with melanomas compared to patients with nevi. No difference was found between the EOG of normals and the uninvolved eye of melanoma patients. Patients with nevi did not differ from normals. This observation was independent of tumor size and was not related to the extent of retinal detachment.     

Choroidal Thickness in Eyes with Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

Purpose: This study measured the macular thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in eyes with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS).

Methods: In total, 25 patients with unilateral FUS were enrolled. The diagnosis of FUS was based on the presence of several of the following clinical features: absence of acute symptoms and ciliary injection; small to medium-sized and stellate keratic precipitates (KP) diffusely scattered on the entire corneal endothelium; chronic low-grade anterior chamber inflammation; iris stromal atrophy with or without heterochromia; lack of posterior synechiae; iris nodules; and vitreous cells and debris. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; RTVue-100 OCT) was used to obtain the measurements. The SFCT, RNFL thickness, macular retinal thickness, and GCC thickness of the eyes with FUS were measured and compared with those of the uninvolved fellow eyes. A paired samples t-test was used for statistical analyses. A value of p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant for all analyses.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.2 ± 4.8 years. Fifteen patients (60%) were male, and 10 (40%) were female. Small- to medium-sized stellate KPs and mild anterior chamber reactions were seen in all patients. Heterochromia was observed in 24% of the eyes, iris nodules in 36% of the eyes, lens opacity in 44% of the eyes, and vitreous cells and debris in 88% of the eyes. The mean SFCT was significantly thinner in eyes with FUS (296.47 ± 32.29 µm) than in the fellow eyes without FUS (324.47 ± 26.73 µm; p = 0.001). The mean average GCC thickness was found to be 101.09 ± 5.46 µm in eyes with FUS and 103.80 ± 6.65 µm in eyes without FUS (p = 0.023). There were no significant differences in the mean RNFL and macular thickness values.

Conclusions: We detected subfoveal choroidal thinning in eyes with FUS when compared with the uninvolved fellow eyes. In our opinion, thinning of the SFCT in FUS might be associated with autoimmune responses and chronic inflammatory processes.     

Percentage Choroidal Thickness: Another View on Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose: To present an analysis of the percentage choroidal thickness (PCT) and evaluate PCT profile in eyes with different axial length (AL).

Methods: Axial length (AL) measurements and spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations, including radial 9-mm scan and 4 circle scans with diameter of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 mm, centered on the fovea, were performed in 35 eyes of 35 individuals (13 male, 22 female, mean age 32.2 ± 7.1 years). Average choroidal thickness (CT) and PCT (the ratio of the average CT to the subfoveal CT) were calculated for each distance from the center of the macula and compared between three groups (AL<23.0 mm, AL 23.0–24.0 mm, and AL>24.0 mm). PCT change curves were constructed by plotting PCT values against the distance from the fovea.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in CT between eyes with different AL, except for eyes with AL>24.0 mm and AL<23.0 mm at distances of 1.5 mm (p = .01) and subfoveally (p = .003). In contrast to the linear metric, PCT showed statistically significant differences between all three AL groups at all the distances (p = .048 to p < .001) except for 3.5 mm (p = 1.0) and 4.5 mm (p = .31) between eyes with AL 23.0–24.0 mm and AL>24.0 mm and 4.5 mm between eyes with AL<23.0 mm and AL>24.0 mm (p = .31).

Conclusion: PCT change curves are significantly different between eyes with short, medium, and long axial length and may provide more representative information about the change of CT and choroidal profile in pathological conditions.     

Clinical Significance of Choroidal Thickness in Eyes with Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

PurposeTo determine the clinical significance of choroidal thickness and evaluate changes in choroidal thickness over time in eyes affected by ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS).MethodsMedical records of 16 patients diagnosed with OIS between November 2017 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In every nine areas of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid, we compared the differences in choroidal thickness between the eyes with OIS and unaffected eyes, and its change in the OIS eyes during the follow-up period using swept-source optical coherence tomography. We analyzed the best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fluorescein angiography (FAG) parameters, systemic diseases, and the duration of symptoms. Correlation between FAG parameters and the choroidal thickness value ratio in the OIS eyes and the unaffected eyes, and changes in the choroidal thickness in the OIS eyes during follow-up were investigated.ResultsMedian age of the subjects was 67.5 years. In the OIS eyes, all FAG parameters were delayed at the initial examination. Best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were significantly different between the OIS and unaffected eyes. While the choroidal thickness in every nine areas of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study in the OIS eyes was lesser than the unaffected eyes, the choroidal thickness of inner temporal, outer nasal, and outer temporal area showed statistically significant difference. During follow-up, changes in choroidal thickness of OIS eyes as well as correlation between the FAG parameters and the choroidal thickness value ratio between the OIS eyes and the unaffected eyes were not found to be statistically significant.ConclusionsThe choroidal thickness of the eyes with OIS was significantly less compared with the unaffected eyes. We inferred that choroidal thinning takes place in the early phase of the disease as the changes in choroidal thickness during the follow-up period were not significant.     

Relationship Between Optical Coherence Tomography Parameter and Visual Function in Eyes With Epiretinal Membrane

PurposeTo investigate the associations between visual function and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).MethodsThirty-nine consecutive eyes with ERM were enrolled. In addition to OCT parameters, such as central retinal thickness (CRT), the area of gap between the ERM and the retinal surface (SUKIMA) was newly defined and calculated from the vertical and horizontal OCT images (SUKIMAv and SUKIMAh). The average of SUKIMAv and SUKIMAh (SUKIMAave) was used for the statistical analysis. The vertical and horizontal metamorphopsia scores (MV, MH) and the average of MV and MH (Mave) were also used for the analysis.ResultsThe Mave was not significantly associated with logMAR visual acuity (VA) (P = 0.57, linear regression analysis). Analysis using second-order bias-corrected Akaike information criterion model selection identified the age, CRT, and SUKIMAave as being associated with logMAR VA. On the other hand, among the OCT parameters, SUKIMAave and CRT were associated with the Mave. In addition, there was a significant relationship between SUKIMAh and MV (P = 0.011) and between SUKIMAv and MH (P = 0.0014).ConclusionsWe identified SUKIMA as a novel OCT parameter that is useful to predict both VA and metamorphopsia in patients with ERM.     

Choroidal Changes in Eyes With Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy After Anti-VEGF Therapy Imaged With Swept-Source OCT Angiography

PurposeSwept-source optical coherence tomography angiography was used to investigate choroidal changes and their association with pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) after treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.MethodsPatients with treatment-naïve PCV were included and underwent anti-VEGF therapy. Mean choroidal thickness (MCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and PED volume measurements were obtained before and after treatment.ResultsThirty-four treatment-naïve PCV eyes from 33 patients were included. The PED volume decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). The MCT decreased from 223.0 ± 79.6 µm at baseline to 210.9 ± 76.2 µm after treatment (P < 0.001). The CVI at baseline was 0.599 ± 0.024, and the CVI after treatment was 0.602 ± 0.023 (P = 0.16). There was a correlation between the decreased PED volumes and the decreased MCT measurements (r = 0.47; P = 0.006). Also, there was a correlation between the decreased PED volumes and the increased CVI measurements (r = −0.63; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn treatment-naïve eyes with PCV, the decreases in PED volumes were correlated with the decrease in MCT and the increase in CVI measurements. We propose that, at baseline, the PCV lesions serve as high-volume arteriovenous shunts between choroidal arterial and venous circulation, causing transudation into the choroidal stroma. We propose that, after treatment, the blood flow through the vascular shunt is reduced, the excess stromal transudation is resorbed, and the exudation from the neovascular lesion is reduced, resulting in thinning of the choroid, resolution of the PEDs, and an increase in the CVI due to the resorption of excess choroidal transudation.     

Choroidal Thickness and Its Association With Age,Axial Length,and Refractive Error in Chinese Adults

PurposeTo identify the association between the choroidal thickness (ChT) with age and axial length (AL) under different refractive errors (REs) in Chinese adults.MethodsSwept-source optical coherence tomography was used to measure ChT in 2126 right eyes of 2126 participants. The participants were classified as having pathologic myopia (PM), high myopia without PM (HM), low myopia (LM), and nonmyopia (non-M) according to their REs and META-PM (the Meta-Analysis of Pathologic Myopia) classification criteria.ResultsThe mean age was 52.49 ± 20.39 years (range, 18−93 years), and the mean RE was −5.27 ± 5.37 diopters (D; range, −25.5 to +7.75 D). The mean average ChT was 159.25 ± 80.75 µm and decreased in a linear relationship from non-M to PM (190.04 ± 72.64 µm to 60.99 ± 37.58 µm, P < 0.001). A significant decline in ChT was noted between 50 and 70 years (r = −0.302, P < 0.001) and less rapidly after the age of 70 years (r = −0.105, P = 0.024). No correlation was noted between age and ChT under 50 years (P = 0.260). A significantly higher association with AL was noted in the central fovea (β^HM = −23.92, β^LM = −23.88, β^Non-M = −18.80, all P < 0.001) and parafoveal ChT (β^HM = −22.87, β^LM = −22.31, β^Non-M = −18.61, all P < 0.001) when compared with the perifoveal region (β^HM = −19.80, β^LM = −18.29, β^Non-M = −13.95, all P < 0.001). Within each group of PM, HM, LM, and non-M, regression analysis showed that the coefficients of age and AL with different macular regions of ChT varied significantly.ConclusionsChT was negatively correlated with age after 50 years. The thinning of the choroid was more prominent in the center and parafoveal regions as AL increased. Varied distributions of ChT decrease associated with AL and age were noted among different refractive groups.