共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Babic SH Kokol P Podgorelec V Zorman M Sprogar M Stiglic MM 《Journal of medical systems》2000,24(1):43-52
Decision support systems that help physicians are becoming a very important part of medical decision making. They are based on different models and the best of them are providing an explanation together with an accurate, reliable, and quick response. One of the most viable among models are decision trees, already successfully used for many medical decision-making purposes. Although effective and reliable, the traditional decision tree construction approach still contains several deficiencies. Therefore we decided to develop and compare several decision support models using four different approaches. We took statistical analysis, a MtDeciT, in our laboratory developed tool for building decision trees with a classical method, the well-known C5.0 tool and a self-adapting evolutionary decision support model that uses evolutionary principles for the induction of decision trees. Several solutions were evolved for the classification of metabolic and respiratory acidosis (MRA). A comparison between developed models and obtained results has shown that our approach can be considered as a good choice for different kinds of real-world medical decision making.Art (from Latin ars meaning skill) is the skill in doing or performing that is attained by study, practice, or observation 相似文献
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The paper attempts to improve the accuracy of a fuzzy expert decision making system by tuning the parameters of type-2 sigmoid
membership functions of fuzzy input variables and hence determining the most appropriate type-1 membership function. The current
work mathematically models the variability of human decision making process using type-2 fuzzy sets. Moreover, an index of
accuracy of a fuzzy expert system has been proposed and determined analytically. It has also been ascertained that there exists
only one rule in the rule base whose associated mapping for the ith linguistic variable maps to the same value as the maximum
value of the membership function for the ith linguistic variable. The improvement in decision making accuracy was successfully
verified in a medical diagnostic decision making system for renal diagnostic applications. Based on the accuracy estimations
applied over a set of pathophysiological parameters, viz. body mass index, glucose, urea, creatinine, systolic and diastolic
blood pressure, appropriate type-1 fuzzy sets of these parameters have been determined assuming normal distribution of type-1
membership function values in type-2 fuzzy sets. The type-1 fuzzy sets so determined have been used to develop an FPGA based
smart processor. Using the processor, renal diagnosis of patients has been performed with an accuracy of 98.75%. 相似文献
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基于医疗伦理观的医疗质量成本计量与决策分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
医疗质量成本是建立在医疗伦理基础上的决策过程中或医疗服务决策时所必须考虑的一个重要因素。基于医疗伦理观的医疗信誉成本的正确计量及决策分析是医疗卫生机构提升医疗服务价值的关键所在。 相似文献
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药物经济学在临床用药决策中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
药物经济学(PE)是以经济学的方法和原理来评估药物治疗的成本、效果及其相互之间关系的一门边缘性评价学科。本文从成本-效益分析、成本-效用分析、成本-效果分析、最小成本分析4个方面评价临床药物治疗过程及结果,探讨药物经济学在临床用药决策中的应用。通过本文的分析,运用药物经济学原理和方法有助于监测治疗药物、选择合理的治疗方案,有效地治疗疾病,减轻患者的经济负担;且利用药物经济学方法可制定合理治疗方案,促进临床合理用药。 相似文献
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将知识/证据的不确定性测度和结构化知识图谱相结合,总结并提出计算医学知识不确定性的几种方法,包括量表、概率、信息熵、证据-评论网络等。提出对于高确定性的知识,可由机器做决策;对于低确定性的知识,要触发人机交互,必须由机器和医生(科学家)共同决策,以此提高知识驱动的决策支持效率。 相似文献
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背景:重度卒中患者最后拔管死亡人数越来越多。终止治疗时机的差别提示存在延长患者不必要痛苦或造成不必要死亡的可能性。
目的:回顾机械通气卒中患者预后的现有证据,为临床医生、患者及家属优化临床决策提供一总体框架。
资料来源:于MEDLINE搜索1980年到2005年3月有关机械通气卒中患者预后的英文文章。我们从搜集的689篇文章中选出17篇进行综述。我们还确定了维持生命治疗应用过度或应用不足的影响因素以及可能造成的决策偏差,重点放在机械通气因素。
证据综合:实施机械通气的卒中患者总死亡率很高,30天死亡率接近58%(文献报道范围,46%~75%)。尽管资料有限,但是高达1/3的存活者没有或仅有轻度残疾,然而其余患者则有重度残疾。我们可以根据对卒中综合征的认识、患者早期特征、临床预测规则以及持续干预的必要性进一步判断患者的转归。影响选择生命支持治疗的因素包括:将来临床缺陷的严重程度和类型,临床缺陷发生的可能性,以及治疗的负担。可能影响终止治疗决策制定的偏差包括:预后评估错误,沟通方式不当,错误理解患者的价值观和期望,以及未能正确评价患者的生理和心理适应程度。
结论:虽然实施机械通气的卒中患者预后一般很差,但是确实有少数患者存活而且没有严重残疾。可以根据临床表现和患者特征评估预后。急需更好地了解这些患者治疗上的标志性差异,急需可靠地权衡并改善这种以患者为中心的决策。 相似文献
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S. S. B. Gilder 《Canadian Medical Association journal》1965,93(21):1136-1137
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