指骨毛细血管瘤1例

1　病例资料患者 ,男 ,2 4岁。右手无名指近节无痛性渐大性肿胀 1年余 ,被物体压伤疼痛 4天就诊。查体 :右手无名指近节中远段梭形肿胀 ,局部皮温无明显变化 ,无浅静脉充盈、盘曲 ;指背部压痛 ,可触及骨擦感及假关节活动 ,指腹部饱满 ,可触及 2 0ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ肿物 ,无波动感 ,质地中等 ,无明显移动 ,指间关节活动轻度受限 ,肿物不随屈伸活动。Ｘ线片示 :右手无名指近节指骨中远段有多个囊状透光区 ,该处掌侧骨皮质变薄 ,骨干呈梭形肿大 ,透光区内见不规则骨嵴及点状钙化影 ,周围软组织肿胀 ,侧位片见骨皮质断裂且向背侧成角。…     

“双固定螺钉系统”治疗指间关节侧副韧带断裂的疗效评价

目的探讨"双固定螺钉系统"治疗指间关节侧副韧带断裂的疗效。方法选取2015年2月到2016年8月期间在本院接受"双固定螺钉系统"治疗的指间关节侧副韧带断裂患者,对其中得到回访9例患者的伤指外形、疼痛、手指总活动度进行分析评价。结果 9例患者伤指活动均无疼痛,指间关节梭形肿胀消失或遗留轻微梭形肿胀,侧方应力实验阴性,应用"TAM评定标准"评定,优5例,良3例,可1例,无差的病例,优良率为88.9%。结论 "双固定螺钉系统"治疗指间关节侧副韧带断裂的疗效满意,值得推广应用。     

成人多囊肾并发系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮肾炎一例

患者,女,35岁.因"关节肿痛20个月,水肿、蛋白尿17个月,加重1个月"于2007年5月15日入院.患者2005年10月无诱因出现双膝关节肿痛,后累及双手近端指间关节、腕关节.     

手部旺炽性反应性骨膜炎一例

患者女，16岁。2周前无明显诱因出现右环指肿胀、疼痛，伴指间关节活动受限，无手指麻木。1周前因症状加重而去外院就诊，行指根封闭及挤压治疗后，症状反而加剧而来我院急诊。入院局部检查：右环指呈梭形肿胀，中节显著，手指呈半屈曲状。皮肤潮红，皮温升高，压痛明显，有波动感，指间关节伸直时有剧痛。实验室检查：血、尿常规，血生化等均无异常。X线片示：右环指软组织肿胀影，骨质未见异常。B超显示：手指皮下实性肿物。以手指肿物合并感染急诊行手术治疗。     

双手拇指三节指骨1例报道

患者,女性,9岁,因发现双手拇指末节指骨尺偏畸形9年入院。患者出生时即发现双手拇指末节指骨尺偏,随年龄增长,畸形无明显加重,拇示指做精细活动稍有影响,为追求美观和改善拇指功能入院治疗。查体:双手拇指末节指骨尺偏畸形达60°,指间关节屈伸正常。X线片示:双手拇指指骨间见一三角形骨块(delta骨)(图1)。1治疗指根麻醉,左手取拇指指间关节桡侧纵切口,长约2cm,切开指间关节囊,见指骨间一独立的delta骨,其远端与末节指骨部分关节面接触,近端与近节指骨形成关节且可屈伸活动。将delta骨取出(图2),紧缩缝合桡侧关节囊及皮肤。同法处理右手,不…     

双手多指指骨溶解症1例

2011年12月收诊1例双手多指指骨溶解症患者,报道如下。 1病例资料 患者女,27岁。因左环指、右拇指肿胀、活动受限加重4个月入院。患者于2008年无明显诱因出现左手食指肿胀,逐渐加重,呈针刺样疼痛,指端皮肤破溃,末节指骨外露,远侧指间关节活动受限,     

双手先天性近指间关节融合症1例

<正>患者,男,38岁,因摔伤致左手中、环指疼痛2 h就诊。查体:双手第3~5指近指间关节强直,主动、被动功能完全受限;左手中指肿胀、畸形,指背皮肤破裂出血;双手掌指关节、远指间关节及拇指活动均正常。X线检查提示:双手示、小指及右手环指近指间关节间隙消失,骨融合;右手中指近指间关节部分融合,关节间隙模糊;左手环指近指间关节骨融合处连续性中断伴脱位。见图1。追     

家族性掌腱膜挛缩症1例

患者女，２０岁。因“双手食、中、环、小指近侧指间关节屈曲畸形２０年”入院。患者母亲妊娠期间无特殊服药史及放射线接触史，家族中无近亲婚配史，患者智力发育正常。从患者曾祖母、祖辈、父辈及患者这一代中共调查出１０人患手指不同程度屈曲畸形，其余９人多为双手中...     

“断指再植与手外科新技术”学习班通知

患者男,18岁。因右前臂被玻璃割伤而入院。局部检查时发现其双手3～5指近侧指间关节强直．示指近侧指间关节有10°被动活动度．双手余各指掌指关节和远侧指间关节活动均正常。X线片示：双手中、环、小指近侧指间关节完全融合,示指近侧指间关节间隙明显狭窄(见图1)。追问家族史：其兄、父亲、姑姑、奶奶均有类似疾病。其家族调查谱(见图2),20名成员中,共有8例28个近侧指间关节活动受限。     

双手先天性指间关节融合症一例报道

患者男,18岁.因右前臂被玻璃割伤而入院.局部检查时发现其双手3～5指近侧指间关节强直,示指近侧指间关节有10°被动活动度,双手余各指掌指关节和远侧指间关节活动均正常.X线片示:双手中、环、小指近侧指间关节完全融合,示指近侧指间关节间隙明显狭窄(见图1).追问家族史:其兄、父亲、姑姑、奶奶均有类似疾病.其家族调查谱(见图2),20名成员中,共有8例28个近侧指间关节活动受限.     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Vasoconstrictor effect of cyclosporin on the mesenteric artery in the dog

To evaluate the effect of cyclosporin (CyA) on the mesenteric arterial bed, studies were performed on the isolated mesenteric artery perfused at a constant flow in 20 dogs. Changes in mesenteric perfusion pressure reflected variations in vascular resistance. Pure powder CyA was dissolved in autologous blood and injected at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg. Infusions of 5 and 10 mg CyA caused nonsignificant mean increases of 3±2 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI)-2 to +7; P>0.05] and 3±3 mm Hg (95% CI-3 to +9; P>0.05) in mesenteric perfusion pressure, with CyA blood levels in the mesenteric vein averaging 466±153 and 692±130 nmol/l, respectively, at the end of the injections. Infusions of 20 and 40 mg CyA caused significant increases in mesenteric perfusion pressure averaging 11±3 mm Hg (95% CI 3–18; P<0.05) and 26±4 mm Hg (95 % CI 16–34; P<0.05), respectively. CyA blood levels at the end of infusion averaged 806±85 and 1118±89 nmol/l, respectively, in the mesenteric vein. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors with phentolamine abolished the CyA vasoconstriction of the mesenteric artery, with the increase in perfusion pressure averaging 16±4 mm Hg before and 3±3 mm Hg after phentolamine (P<0.05). Thus, in the dog, CyA causes an acute vasoconstriction of the mesenteric artery through stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

The Classic: Hospital for the Cure of Deformities: Course of Lectures on the Deformities of the Human Frame

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by W.J. Little, Hospital for the Cure of Deformities: Course of Lectures on the Deformities of the Human Frame. An accompanying biographical sketch of W.J. Little is available at DOI  10.1007/s11999-012-2301-z. The Classic Article is ©1843 and is reprinted courtesy of Elsevier from Little WJ. Hospital for the Cure of Deformities: course of lectures on the deformities of the human frame. Lancet. 1843;41:350–354.     

人工全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的临床疗效

目的 观察人工全髋关节置换治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对2001年3月至2009年6月26例(31髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变患者行人工全髋关节置换并随访,置换前患者日常活动均明显受限或者严重疼痛,Harris评分平均(43.2±5.8)分,髋关节活动度平均51.8°±9.7°.记录术后末次随访的Harris评分,X线检查结果,观察假体有无松动、脱位及异位骨化. 结果 所有病例得到随访,平均随访24.9(8 ～125)个月.末次随访患者均疼痛消失,步态正常.Harris评分平均(82.4±4.7)分;髋关节活动度平均148.6°±7.4°;髋关节Harris评分及关节活动度均显著高于置换前(P＜0.05).2髋出现异位骨化,为Brooker分级Ⅰ、Ⅲ级.无脱位、骨折及假体松动下沉,无患者进行翻修. 结论 人工全髋关节置换是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期髋关节病变的有效方法,可以恢复关节功能,缓解关节疼痛并改善患者生活质量.     

髋臼重建治疗Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良

目的 探讨髋臼重建治疗Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良的手术方法及疗效.方法 2001年1月至2007年6月43例(54髋)Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良继发骨关节炎患者接受全髋关节置换术治疗.术前Harris评分平均39分.髋臼重建方法包括单纯加深或穿透髋臼(A组)27例(34髋)、髋臼内壁截骨(B组)12例(15髋)、髋臼自体股骨头植骨(C组)4例(5髋).分别记录每种重建方法的手术时间、出血量、并发症.术后随访进行放射学及临床疗效评估.结果 40例(50髋)患者获得完整随访,随访时间平均29个月.在术后3～5个月随访时截骨和植骨已愈合.摄x线片测量A、B、C组重建方式的髋臼外倾角分别为(41.0±7.5)°,(46.0 ±7.7)°,(39.0±11.0)°;前倾角分别为(10.0±2.8)°,(9.0±2.5)°,(4.0±1.9)°;旋转中心上移分别为(8.4±3.6)mm,(7.3 ±2.6)mm,(1.2±0.5)mm;旋转中心内移分别为(7.0±1.5)mm,(9.9 ±1.7)mm,(-2.7 ±1.2)mm.A、B、C组末次随访平均Harris评分分别为B9、91、86分.随访患者中2例发生下肢深静脉血栓,2例可疑肺栓塞,4例坐骨神经麻痹.结论 单纯加深或穿透髋臼、髋臼内壁截骨、自体股骨头植骨是Crowe Ⅲ 型髋臼发育不良髋臼重建的有效方法.应根据术前评估、术中具体情况采用相应的重建方法.     

Genetic requirements for the development of the GVH reaction following small-bowel transplantation

The genetic requirements for the development of graft-versus-host (GVH) disease have been investigated in a model of semiallogenic, heterotopic small-bowel transplantation in the rat. Following semiallogenic MHC-incompatible small-bowel transplantation, all graft recipients showed characteristic signs of GVH disease and died within 14 days. On autopsy the transplanted bowel was normal, while the recipient's bowel was dilated and distended with gas. Histology showed a generalized cell infiltration of the connective tissue with macrophages and lymphocytes. After semiallogenic, RT1.A-incompatible, small-bowel transplantation, the graft recipients developed mild and temporary symptoms of GVH disease between days 25 and 40. Only two of the six animals died, while the remaining animals survived the observation period. Small-bowel transplantation across an isolated RT1.C barrier was unable to induce GVH reaction. These results indicate that the development of GVH disease after small-bowel transplantation is controlled genetically by the MHC. Class II MHC incompatibility is necessary for the induction of an acute and lethal GVH reaction.     

髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响

目的 探讨髌骨软骨破坏程度对保留髌骨的全膝关节置换术疗效的影响.方法 2002年1月至2006年5月行全膝关节置换术163例244膝,根据术中观察到的髌骨软骨破坏程度将患者分为轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏三组.所有手术均不置换髌骨.术后随访88例133膝,轻度组42膝,中度组43膝,重度组48膝.采用美国膝关节学会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)系统(包括膝评分和膝功能评分)和膝前痛评分系统对三组疗效进行评估.结果 随访48～102个月,平均72个月.KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前(35.1±5.4)分和(19.2±9.8)分分别提高到(91.7±5.6)分和(83.7±17.5)分.三组KSS膝评分从术前(34.7±6.2)分、(36.5±5.2)分、(35.3±6.2)分分别提高至(92.6±4.5)分、(90.5±6.7)分、(91.9±5.9)分;膝功能评分从术前(14.2±8.6)分、(16.5±7.4)分、(17.0±7.5)分分别提高至(86.6±12.6)分、(82.0±17.2)分、(82.8±21.1)分.三组术后膝评分和膝功能评分的差异均无统计学意义.术后膝前痛的发生率为11.3%(15/133),轻度、中度、重度软骨破坏组分别为11.9%(5/42)、11.6%(5/43)、10.4%(5/48),差异无统计学意义.结论 全膝关节置换术后疗效及膝前痛的发生率与术前髌骨软骨破坏程度无关,髌骨软骨破坏程度不是全膝关节置换术中置换髌骨的可靠依据.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether there was any correlation between the degree of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage and the clinical outcome after TKA without patellar resurfacing.Methods A clinical study was performed on 133 knees of 88 patients that underwent TKA without patellar resurfacing from January 2002 to May 2006. According to the degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage,patients was classified as mild group, moderate group, and severe group. Pre- and post-operative evaluations were performed using the knee and function scores of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and Anterior Knee Pain Rating. Results The duration of follow-up was 72 months (range 48-102). The overall knee score of KSS in all patients were improved from 35.1±5.4 preoperatively to 91.7±5.6 postoperatively,and function score of KSS from 19.2±9.8 preoperatively to 83.7±17.5 postoperatively. The mean knee scores of KSS were improved from 34.7±6.2, 36.5±5.2 and 35.3±6.2 preoperatively to 92.6±4.5, 90.5±6.7 and 91.9±5.9 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. The mean function scores of KSS were improved from 14.2±8.6, 16.5±7.4 and 17.0±7.5 postoperatively to 86.6±12.6, 82.0±17.2 and 82.8±21.1 in mild, moderate, and severe group postoperatively, respectively. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the postoperative knee scores and function scores of KSS. The prevalence of anterior knee pain was 11.3% in all, and 11.9% in mild group, 11.6% in moderate group and 10.4% in severe group. There was no difference among all groups with regard to the anterior knee pain. Conclusion The clinical outcome and anterior knee pain after TKA without patellar resurfacing was not correlated with the severity of degenerative changes in the patellar cartilage. The degree of degenerative condition of the patellar cartilage is not indication for patellar resurfacing.     

膝骨关节炎周围血供变化的影像学观察

目的:对比观察膝骨关节炎患者和正常人群膝关节周围血供变化。方法:2014年6月至2015年6月,纳入诊治的膝骨关节炎患者30例,健康成年人30例。膝骨关节炎组男9例,女21例,年龄53~82岁,平均(65.967±7.132)岁,平均动脉压(93.462±7.633)mm Hg;对照组男9例,女21例,年龄50~75岁,平均(62.867±6.356)岁,平均动脉压(92.122±9.675)mm Hg。检查方法包括彩超和下肢CTA;观察指标包括侧支循环,动脉迂曲,动脉畸形,管腔狭窄和动脉壁斑块形成情况。根据动脉的狭窄程度不同分为5级:1级为无狭窄,2级为轻度狭窄(1%~49%),3级为中度狭窄(50%~70%),4级为重度狭窄(70%~99%),5级为完全闭塞。测量两组的腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉内径的大小以及血流动力情况,并将膝骨关节炎组与对照组进行比较。结果:无剔除或脱落病例。膝骨关节炎组3例形成侧支循环,对照组4例;膝骨关节炎组0例动脉迂曲,对照组2例;两组均无动脉畸形。膝骨关节炎组动脉无狭窄0例,轻度14例,中度7例,重度9例,闭塞0例;对照组动脉无狭窄9例,轻度10例,中度6例,重度4例,闭塞1例;两组比较差异有统计学意义,膝骨关节炎组动脉狭窄比对照组严重。膝骨关节炎组30例动脉形成斑块,对照组20例形成斑块,两组比较差异有统计学意义,膝骨关节炎组动脉斑块形成比例高于对照组。膝骨关节炎组斑块钙化率100%,对照组63%。胫前动脉直径差异有统计学意义,膝骨关节炎组胫前动脉直径较大。两组腘动脉流速差异有统计学意义,膝骨关节炎组流速更快。胫后动脉流速差异有统计学意义,膝骨关节炎组流速更快。动脉流量方面,3条动脉数据比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:膝骨关节炎局部血管主要病理改变为狭窄和斑块形成,而局部动脉血流总量大致不变。临床治疗中改善局部血管病变的方法可能优于加速血流速度的方法,进一步针对局部血管异常改变的介入治疗也将为骨关节炎的临床治疗提供一个新的思路与方法。