国内部分三甲医院危重疾病患者口腔护理情况调查

目的了解国内三甲医院重症监护室危重疾病患者口腔护理情况,为提高危重疾病患者口腔护理水平提供依据和建议。方法采用信访、向危重病人口腔护理专家咨询和走访等调查方式,获得国内危重疾病患者口腔护理现状信息。结果本次调查共发放调查问卷184份,回收有效问卷79份,有效回收率42.93%。所有回复者均认为口腔护理对于危重疾病患者很重要,有98.7%的重症监护室采取了不同的方式进行护理前评估,包括检查口腔基本情况及口腔分泌物提取,评估实施者主要为床旁责任护士（63.3%）。目前使用最多的口腔护理方式为棉球擦洗法（62.5%）,护理频率每日2～3次,每次平均时间9.1±5.1min,主要使用的口腔护理液有生理盐水（76.0%）、碳酸氢钠（22.8%）、呋喃西林（13.9%）、双氧水（13.9%）等。结论目前国内口腔护理水平相差较大,应加强针对循证口腔护理的培训,有必要建立危重疾病患者口腔护理的全国统一规范。     

Development of Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers

The purpose of this study was to develop a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers. Semi-structured interviews with 10 family caregivers of people with dementia were conducted to explore how Chinese caregivers manage caregiving and what difficulties they face. The findings of the study assisted in the development of the instrument. Five categories of caregiver behaviours were identified from the qualitative data: gathering information about treatment, symptoms, and health care; obtaining support; responding to behaviour disturbances; managing household, personal, and medical care; and managing distress associated with caregiving. The challenges of caregiving were also identified, including deterioration of care recipients, particularly their behaviour disturbances, a shortage of supportive resources, stigmatization of dementia among the general population, as well as increased distress and decreased social activities due to increased care demand. The findings were used to develop the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers, and 35 items comprising five subscales (representing the above five categories of caregiver behaviour) were generated.     

Development and validation of the Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire (HCSQ) in elders

The Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire (HCSQ) was designed for the evaluation of health care and services in a manner that controls acquiescence bias yet is characterized by a simple structure. The HCSQ was developed and validated within the context of the Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA) in the Sherbrooke and Quebec City areas of Quebec, Canada. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done with 873 subjects and confirmed the multidimensional nature of the concept of satisfaction. Three factors explained more than 52% of the total variance. The analysis of internal consistency produced Cronbach alpha coefficients of .93, .74, and .78 for Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The alpha of the overall scale was .92. The intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest) for the entire scale was .72 (95% CI: .52-.84). In light of these findings, the characteristics and multidimensional perspective of the HCSQ appear to be useful for measuring and advancing knowledge about health care and services satisfaction.     

The use and uptake of pupillometers in the Intensive Care Unit

Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue. Assessing pupil reactivity is a crucial aspect of its management and the pupillometer has been shown to be a more objective tool compared to the standard penlight. Its use, however, is not widespread.

Refinement, scoring, and validation of the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) survey

OBJECTIVES: To refine the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) survey and develop a validated method for scoring the instrument. DESIGN: Instrument development study, using data from two prospective cohort studies. SETTING: Intensive care units in seven university-affiliated hospitals (six Canadian, one United States). SUBJECTS: Family members of ICU patients. INTERVENTIONS: Based on a priori criteria, items were tagged for potential removal and discussed with the FS-ICU developers. Factor analysis was used to test the conceptual structure of the instrument and develop a scoring method based on scales and subscales. The new scoring method was validated in the U.S. cohort using the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) instrument and nurse-assessed quality indicators. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,038 family members completed the FS-ICU across seven sites. Fifteen items were initially tagged for possible removal. After consensus with the developers, ten items were dropped (and 24 were retained in the final instrument). Factor analysis explained 61.3% of the total variance using a two-factor model. The first factor pertained to satisfaction with care (14 items). The second factor encompassed satisfaction with decision making (10 items). A scoring method was developed based on this conceptual model. In validity testing, the FS-ICU was significantly correlated with the Family-QODD total score (Spearman's .56, p < .001) as well as individual QODD items such as quality of care by all providers (.64, p < .001). The FS-ICU also correlated significantly with multiple nurse-assessed quality indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The shortened FS-ICU measures two main conceptual domains-satisfaction with care and satisfaction with decision making. Scores on the FS-ICU show good validity against other indicators of ICU quality. The instrument holds promise as a useful outcome measure in studies that attempt to improve this component of ICU care.     

Recognizing and mitigating infant distress in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a psychologically and physically distressing event for infants. Preterm infants suffer from higher rates of depression and anxiety in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, likely, at least in part, related to the experiences they have in the NICU. The parent-infant relationship is of paramount importance in determining the future trajectory of both the parent's and infant's mental health, and therefore it is critically important to both assess and support its development in the NICU. The challenges parents face in responding to their preterm, ill and fragile infants, and strategies to mitigate infant distress are outlined.     

中文版重危患者家属满意度量表信效度分析

目的引入重危患者家属满意度量表(critical care family satisfaction survey,CCFSS),并分析其在重危患者家属满意度测量中的信、效度。方法通过正向翻译、综合、回译、专家小组评议和文化调试,修订形成中文版重危患者家属满意度量表中文修订版(Chinese version of CCFSS,C-CCFSS)量表。采取方便抽样的方法,预调查抽取23人、临床正式调查120人,以检验C-CCFSS的效度和信度。结果 C-CCFSS的信度分析显示同质性信度Cronbachα系数为0.929;折半信度系数为0.891;内容效度为0.902;结构效度KMO(MSA)值为0.894;前7个因子的累积百分比为68.862%;27个条目均在相应主成分载荷0.4。结论 C-CCFSS具有良好的信度和效度,可做为临床上重危患者家属满意度的测评工具。