梧州市2009～2011年禽类环境标本禽流感病毒调查

目的了解梧州市禽类环境标本禽流感病H5N1、H9N2感染情况,以应对流感流行预警提供依据。方法采集2009～2011年梧州市禽类环境标本126份进行反转录-聚合酶联链式反应（RT-PCR）检测。结果梧州市禽类环境存在禽流感病毒,A型流感病毒阳性达19.05%,H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸阳性率10.32%;H5亚型禽流感病毒核酸阳性率7.14%。结论梧州市禽类环境禽流感病毒存在较为广泛,提示应继续加强禽流感病毒的监测,了解流感病毒株的流行动态,应对流感流行、禽流感的预警、防控意义重大。     

568份疑似甲型H1N1流感病例标本病原学检测结果分析

目的对河池市568份疑似甲型H1N1流感病例标本进行核酸检测,为甲型H1N1流感疫情的防控提供依据。方法对疑似甲型H1N1流感病例标本用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法（Real-time RT-PCR）检测,检测项目为A型流感病毒核酸、B型流感病毒核酸和甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸,对A型流感病毒核酸阳性而B型流感病毒核酸和甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸均阴性标本再进行季节性流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果检测疑似病例标本568份,其中甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性334份,季节性流感病毒H1N1亚型核酸阳性14份,季节性流感病毒H3N2亚型核酸阳性25份,A未分型流感病毒核酸阳性40份。结论实验室检测为甲型H1N1流感疫情的确认、防控以及病人的处理提供了依据,对提高实验室检测技术的敏感性、特异性和实效性具有重要的意义。     

郑州市首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例的实验室检验分析

目的:对郑州市首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例进行实验室诊断和分析,以提高实验室应急检测能力。方法:采集郑州市管城区1例疑似病例的鼻、咽拭子样本,提取病毒RNA,采用甲、乙型流感通用引物和探针、季节性流感(包括H1N1、H3N2)特异性引物和探针、甲型H1N1流感特异性引物和探针以及H5N1和H7N9特异性引物和探针,以Real-time RT-PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸。结果:乙型流感、季节性流感(包括H1N1、H3N2)、甲型H1N1流感和H5N1高致病性禽流感扩增结果均为阴性;甲型流感通用引物和H7N9亚型流感病毒扩增结果均为阳性。结论:样本经河南省疾控中心与国家疾控中心复核检测,证实该患者为郑州市首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例。     

广东省揭阳市2016—2020年外环境禽流感病毒监测

目的 了解揭阳市外环境禽流感病毒动态分布情况和流行特点,评估人感染禽流感病毒的风险,为人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法 按随机抽样的方法,对揭阳市2016—2020年5个县（市、区）禽类市场进行相关标本采集,用实时荧光定量（RT-PCR）对标本进行流感病毒A型检测,阳性标本再进行H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果 揭阳市2016—2020年共采集外环境标本1 798份,甲型流感病毒（FluA）阳性标本660份,阳性率为36.71%;其中H5N6、H7N9、H9N2亚型阳性率分别为1.61%、1.28%和21.91%。普宁市和惠来县的外环境禽流感病毒阳性率较高,分别为54.14%和51.43%。揭西县的外环境禽流感病毒阳性率最低,为4.84%。不同类型标本检测阳性率最高为清洗禽类污水（47.09%）。结论 揭阳市禽类市场外环境中存在H5N6、H7N9、H9N2及多种亚型混合的禽流感病毒污染,禽流感病毒流行区域较广,存在感染人的风险,应继续加强外环境禽流感实时监测和城乡禽类市场卫生监管。     

2013年广州市禽流感职业暴露人群及市场环境禽流感病毒H7N9监测分析

目的了解广州市禽流感职业暴露人群中禽流感病毒H7N9、H9、H5亚型隐性感染状况以及禽类市场环境中H7N9病毒污染状况。方法采集从事家禽养殖、宰杀、贩卖等职业暴露人群以及H7N9疫情专项调查人群血清标本,用红细胞凝集抑制试验（HI）检测H7N9、H9、H5亚型抗体;用实时荧光定量PCR方法对禽类市场环境标本进行H7N9禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果2013年采集职业暴露人群常规监测血清394份,广州某市场首次检出H7N9禽流感病毒后采集密接从业人员专项血清259份,H7、H5检测抗体均为阴性,H9抗体阳性血清分别为23份（5.83％）和7份（2.70％）;6264份市场环境标本中共检出流感A阳性标本204份,其中H7N9亚型阳性5份（0.07％）、H5亚型阳性13份（0.20％）、H9亚型阳性80份（1.27％）、A未分型106份（1.69％）。结论广州市禽流感职业暴露人群在2013年市场首次检出H7N9禽流感病毒前后尚未发现H7N9隐性感染者,广州市禽类市场环境中禽流感病毒亚型仍以H9等低致病性亚型为主,但不排除今后H7N9亚型增多的可能。     

2011-2012年肇庆市禽流感职业暴露人群及外环境病毒分布监测分析

目的了解肇庆市禽类职业暴露人群禽流感病毒感染状况以及外环境禽流感病毒的分布情况。方法采集禽类职业暴露人员血清样本,用红细胞血凝抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1流感抗体;采集外环境样本,用荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒FluA、H5、H7和H9核酸。结果 2011-2012年共采集职业暴露人员血清样本400份,检测H5N1抗体均为阴性;共采集外环境有效样本202份,检出FluA阳性25份,阳性率为12.38%,其中AH9亚型阳性14份(56.00%),AH7亚型阳性1份(4.00%),A未分型10份(40.00%),未检出AH5亚型。结论肇庆市职业暴露人群尚未发现感染高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒;外环境存在禽流感病毒的污染,H9亚型是主要的病原体。     

宁夏职业暴露人群血清学和环境高致病性禽流感监测分析

目的了解宁夏职业暴露人群高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒的感染状况和环境高致病性禽流感病毒的分布情况,为其预防控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法根据《2011年全国职业暴露人群血清学和环境高致病性禽流感监测方案》的要求,采用马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群H5N1血凝素抗体;采用Real-timePCR对环境标本进行H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果职业暴露人群400人份血清H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本302份禽流感病毒核酸监测A型阳性率为8.61%(其中H9阳性率6.62%,H5阳性率2.65%,H7均为阴性)。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本分布于3个监测县(区),其中1个监测县(区)检出H5、1个监测县(区)检出H9、另一个监测县(区)检出H5和H9。不同监测场所环境样本禽流感病毒核酸检测结果显示,城乡活禽市场样本阳性率最高。结论宁夏监测点环境中存在H5、H9禽流感病毒,禽流感病毒显地区性分布的特点,城乡活禽市场是禽流感病毒重要的集散地。宁夏尚无人感染H5N1禽流感。     

河池市2010年流感病原学监测结果分析

目的 对河池市2010年流感病毒进行病原学监测,及时了解河池市流感病毒优势株的变化,分析预测流感流行的趋势和特点,为流感防治提供科学依据.方法 采集监测哨点医院、流感疫情常规监测流感样病例的咽拭子标本,先用real-time PCR法完成流感病毒核酸检测,病毒核酸阳性标本再用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离.结果 2010年共检测标本490份,流感病毒核酸阳性75份,检出率为15.31%;其中B型60份,季节性流感H3亚型3份,甲型H1N1流感12份;75份病毒核酸阳性标本经MDCK细胞培养后,有2份阳性,阳性率为2.67%,其中甲型H1N1流感1株,B型(Yamagata系)1株.结论 2010年河池市有甲型H1N1流感、B型流感及季节性流感H3亚型流感病毒共同流行,流行特点是春季、夏季两个高发季节,流行优势株为甲型H1N1流感和B型流感病毒,1月以甲型H1N1流感病毒为流行优势株,4～7月以B型流感病毒为流行优势株,8月份后则各型流感病毒活动明显减弱.     

2012-2013年鄂州市禽流感职业暴露人群及外环境监测结果分析

目的了解鄂州市禽流感职业暴露人群H5N1感染及外环境禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9亚型污染状况。方法2012-2013年采集鄂州市从事家禽养殖、屠宰等人群血清标本,用红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1抗体;对在城乡活禽市场等外环境采集的污水、鸡粪和鸡笼标本用荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒(甲型流感病毒,又称A型流感病毒,Flu A)H5、H7、H9核酸。结果共采集职业暴露人群160人份血清标本,H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本240份禽流感病毒核酸监测,阳性标本为36份,阳性率为15.00%。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性标本分布于鄂州市3个区,阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.0 047),以华容区阳性率最高;各种类型标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.0 024),污水的阳性率最高;不同监测场所标本阳性率差异也有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P<0.01),城乡活禽市场禽流感病毒检出率最高;各个季度采集的标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P<0.01),第二季度禽流感病毒检出率最高。结论禽流感H5亚型在鄂州市职业暴露人群中未发现隐性感染,鄂州市监测点外环境存在H5、H9禽流感病毒,城乡活禽市场为人感染禽流感的高风险场所。     

广东省江门市首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例的流行病学调查

目的为了及时有效地控制人感染H7N9禽流感疫情,防制疫情扩散蔓延。方法采用流行病学调查方法,调查病例的发病经过、可能的感染来源、传播途径及暴露因素等,医学观察患者的密切接触者。结果确诊l例人感染H7N9禽流感病例,经抢救无效死亡。患者有明确的活禽市场接触史,咽拭子检测H7N9禽流感病毒核酸阳性。患者的密切接触者无继发病例。通过强化监测流感病例215例,均未发现H7N9禽流感病毒核酸阳性。患者暴露的活禽交易市场外环境20份标本检出3份H7N9禽流感病毒核酸阳性。结论以后仍有可能出现人感染H7N9禽流感病例,各项防控措施必须加强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.