Hypotensive effect in rats of hydrophilic extract from Terminalia arjuna containing tannin-related compounds

The effects of extracts containing tannin-related compounds from Terminalia arjuna, which has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders by Ayurvedic physicians, on the blood pressure and heart rate of rats were examined. An aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna produced a transient decrease in blood pressure accompanied by a slight decrease in heart rate. The hypotensive effect was observed with a fraction containing tannin-related compounds (F2) separated from the aqueous extract. The hypotensive effect of F2 was not affected by pretreatment of rats with propranolol, but was attenuated by pretreatment with atropine. The effects on blood pressure of acetylcholine, epinephrine, isoproterenol and bilateral carotid occlusion, were not affected by treatment with F2. These results suggest that an aqueous fraction of Terminalia arjuna containing tannin-related compounds has a hypotensive effect in the rat, which may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Terminalia arjuna extract on adriamycin-induced DNA damage

The effect of a bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TAE) was studied on the alteration of adriamycin (ADR)-induced micronuclei formation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Exposure of lymphocytes to ADR resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the micronuclei formation indicating DNA damage. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with TAE before ADR treatment resulted in a significant decline in micronuclei formation. Increasing doses of ADR caused a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of lymphocytes bearing one, two and multiple micronuclei. Prior exposure of lymphocytes to 15 microg/mL of TAE significantly reduced the frequency of lymphocytes bearing one, two and multiple micronuclei when compared with ADR-treated control. TAE-inhibited the induction of (*)OH (hydroxyl), O2(*-) (superoxide), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS(*+) (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that TAE protects DNA against ADR-induced damage.     

Effect of Terminalia arjuna extract on KCl induced contractions in the rat vas deferens

Experiments were carried out to elucidate the effects of extracts from Terminalia arjuna on potassium chloride (160 mM) induced contraction in smooth muscle. The petroleum ether extract did not exhibit a response, whereas the preincubation of tissue with the alcoholic extract inhibited contraction. Experimental approaches, described here, lead to the speculation that T. arjuna may impart its action through the modulation of Ca²⁺ ions across the cellular membrane.     

Terminalia arjuna: an Ayurvedic Cardiotonic,Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic Rats

The lipid lowering action of the bark powder of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna ) has been studied in triton and cholesterol fed rats. Serum lipids were found to be lowered by T. arjuna (100 mg/kg, b.w.) in triton induced hyperlipaemia. Chronic feeding of this powder (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) in animals simultaneously fed with cholesterol (25 mg/kg, b.w.) for 30 days, caused lowering in lipids and protein levels of β-lipoproteins followed by an increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with the cholesterol fed groups. T. arjuna alters lipolytic activities in plasma, liver, heart and adipose tissues of hyperlipaemic rats. The lipid lowering action of this natural product is mediated through inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, increased faecal bile acid excretion and enhanced plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and stimulation of receptor mediated catabolism of low density lipoprotein.     

Terminalia arjuna,an ayurvedic cardiotonic,increases contractile force of rat isolated atria

The direct effects of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Terminalia arjuna (family: Combretaceae) bark, an ayurvedic remedy for cardiovascular disorders, were studied on isolated atria of rats. The aqueous extract produced a substantial positive inotropic effect (EC₅₀ = 0.25 mg/mL) but no change in the rate. The ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts all decreased the rate of contraction. A slight increase in force was seen with ethanol and chloroform extracts. Higher concentrations of the chloroform extract had a negative inotropic effect. The ethanol extract decreased the maximum following frequency of the left atria. It is concluded that Terminalia arjuna has a significant positive inotropic property on rat atria in vitro which could contribute to its efficacy in treating cardiovascular disorders.     

Effects of an aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna on isolated rat atria and thoracic aorta

Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) is used traditionally in ayurveda, to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders. The aims of this study were to characterize the positive inotropic effect of the aqueous extract of T. arjuna bark in isolated paced rat left atria and to study its effects on a vascular smooth muscle preparation, the rat thoracic aorta. The crude and semipurified aqueous extracts produced a positive inotropic effect of rat atria and the maximum contraction was comparable to that produced by isoprenaline. The positive inotropic effect of the extract was completely blocked by a β-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, and an uptake-1 blocker, cocaine. In precontracted aorta, the aqueous extract produced a contraction followed by relaxation. Propranolol did not block the relaxant effect of the aqueous extract. It is concluded that the positive inotropic effect of the aqueous extract was mediated via an action on β₁-adrenoceptors and was likely to be due to the release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve endings. The vasorelaxant effect of the extract, however, was not mediated via an action on β₂ adrenoceptor.     

Terminalia arjuna extract modulates the contraction of rat aorta induced by KCl and norepinephrine

The bark of Terminalia arjuna is in clinical use for the management of cardiovascular disorders in India. The objective of this study was to investigate the contractile response induced by the extract on rat aorta, a vascular smooth muscle. Terminalia arjuna relaxed the contraction, induced by both KCl (60 mM ) and norepinephrine (NE, 3 μM ). Inhibition was more prominent (80%) in the NE induced contraction than the KCl induced contraction (30%). Under similar conditions diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker (Dz, 1.0 μM ), inhibited 68% of the KCl induced and 30% of NE induced contraction. Thus it appears that the action of Terminalia arjuna extract differs from that of diltiazem in that it is more specific for alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists. It indirectly inhibited the contraction induced by norepinephrine by acting on K (Ca) channel by hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle membrane.     

芩连合剂对实验性胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜保护作用的机制研究

目的探讨芩连合剂(QLHJ)对急性胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜的保护作用及其作用机制.方法采用无水乙醇灌胃法复制大鼠急性胃溃疡模型,测定胃黏膜细胞内丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的表达、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及钙离子浓度.结果模型组大鼠胃黏膜细胞内钙离子浓度较其他各组明显升高,与芩连合剂组和正常组比较有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);SOD、GSH-Px的表达较其他各组明显降低,MDA表达较其他各组明显升高,与芩连合剂组、地尔硫组和正常组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论QLHJ通过降低胃黏膜细胞内钙离子浓度的水平,降低胃黏膜细胞内MDA的表达和提高胃黏膜细胞内SOD和GSH-Px的表达,从而发挥其保护胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜细胞的作用.     

云母对胃黏膜保护作用机制研究

目的 :探讨云母对胃黏膜保护作用的机制。方法 :采用大鼠慢性胃炎模型 ,分组给药治疗 2周后取其标本 ,观察其病理、超微结构 ,检测胃液pH值及血浆PGE₂ 水平。结果 :中、高剂量云母组大鼠一般情况、胃黏膜大体观、组织光镜及电镜下观察其表现接近正常 ,胃液pH值明显高于模型组 (P<0.01) ,肠化率 (8例中 1例 )较模型组大鼠 (10例中 4例 )有所降低。而其中中剂量云母组大鼠经治疗后 ,血浆PGE₂ 水平明显上升 (P<0.01)。结论 :云母可吸附于胃黏膜表面 ,促进黏液分泌、抑制和中和胃酸、减少炎细胞浸润、促进PGE₂ 合成、逆转肠上皮化生 ,从而促进组织修复再生和维持胃黏膜完整性。     

腹部推拿对大鼠乙醇性胃黏膜损伤的修复作用及机制研究

[目的]研究腹部推拿对大鼠乙醇性胃黏膜损伤的修复作用及作用机制.[方法]采用无水乙醇灌胃法复制胃黏膜损伤大鼠模型,将造模大鼠随机分为腹部推拿组和模型组,另设空白对照组.腹部推拿组每天予推拿干预,模型组和空白对照组不予任何干预手段,干预21 d后,观察大鼠行为学改变;取胃组织,观察大鼠胃黏膜组织损伤情况及病理改变;酶联免...     

胃疡宁丸抗实验性胃溃疡的药效及机制研究

目的:研究胃疡宁丸抗实验性胃溃疡的药效及其机制.方法:采用大鼠醋酸注射法、水浸应激性、阿司匹林诱发及幽门结扎性胃溃疡模型,观察胃疡宁丸抗胃溃疡的作用并考察其对血清NO,EGF含量,胃黏膜血流量,PGE2含量,及对胃液分泌、胃酸含量、胃蛋白酶活性的影响.结果:胃疡宁丸能够降低各种胃溃疡模型的溃疡指数,升高NO,EGF含量,PGE2含量及胃黏膜血流量,抑制胃液分泌和胃酸含量及降低胃蛋白酶活性.结论:胃疡宁丸具有明显的抗实验性胃溃疡的作用,该作用与其减少胃黏膜损伤因子(胃酸、胃蛋白酶),增加胃黏膜屏障的功能,增强胃黏膜修复作用(NO,EGF,PGE2,胃黏膜血流量)有关.     

葛根素对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的:研究葛根素对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法:采用浸水束缚应激法建立大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型。气囊法记录胃运动,激光多普勒血流计测定胃黏膜血流量,比色法测定胃黏膜组织一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素(ET)含量,并观察胃黏膜组织病理学变化。结果:葛根素可以明显减轻浸水应激引起的胃黏膜损伤;抑制胃运动亢进,尤其是降低胃运动指数、收缩时间百分比和高强度收缩次数;增加胃黏膜血流量;同时增加胃黏膜NO含量,并降低ET含量;胃黏膜组织损害程度显著减轻。结论:葛根素对应激性胃黏膜损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过舒张胃黏膜血管,升高胃黏膜NO水平,同时抑制胃运动亢进,增加局部胃黏膜血流量而产生作用。     

Cytoprotective effects of Cyperus rotundus against ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rats

The rhizome of Cyperus rotundus was assessed for its cytoprotective effects against ethanol induced gastric damage. Decoctions of Rhizoma Cyperi were given orally (1.25, 2.5, 4.0 g crude drug/kg) to rats 30 min before ethanol (40% v/v, 10 mL/kg) was administered. The decoction showed an ulcer inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the activity was also observed when the decoction was given subcutaneously (0.3–0.6 g/kg), suggesting that the herb possessed systemic effects on protecting the stomach. Compared with controls, gastric motility of the ethanol-treated rats was delayed significantly by either oral (2.5–4.0 g/kg) or subcutaneous (0.3 g/kg) administration of the decoction. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric protective action of C. rotundus. Mucus content in the stomach was not affected by administration of the docoction. The findings in this study suggest that the protective action of C. rotundus is related to its inhibition of gastric motility and endogeneous prostaglandins may play an important role. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金葵胃药对实验性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:观察金葵胃药(JK)对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法:采用阿司匹林灌胃致大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型,观察JK用药组和对照组胃黏膜损伤指数,并测定血清和胃组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性,测定血浆中6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和血清中表皮生长因子(EGF)含量。结果:JK用药组的胃黏膜损伤指数较模型对照组显著下降,血清和胃组织中NO含量和NOS活性显著升高,血浆6-keto-PGF1α、TXB2含量和血清EGF含量明显升高。结论:JK对实验性胃黏膜损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与增高胃黏膜保护因子有关。     

野甘草乙醇提取物治疗大鼠胃溃疡作用的研究

目的研究野甘草乙醇提取物对胃溃疡的治疗作用。方法通过醋酸烧灼法制成大鼠胃溃疡模型,按照同窝同性、体质量配对分为2组,实验组每只以野甘草乙醇提取物1 g/(kg.d)喂养,共喂30 d;对照组不喂药。30 d后剖腹取胃,测定溃疡体积。结果实验组大鼠胃溃疡体积小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论野甘草乙醇提取物对大鼠胃溃疡有治疗作用,应对其药理作用进行更深入的研究。     

Protective effect of a plant formula on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats

A plant formula and its five components were evaluated independently for their gastric protective effect against ethanol-induced stomach lesions in rats. Aqueous extracts of the plant formula (0.25-2g crude drug/kg orally) and its individual components (at the same dose) all showed significant stomach protective effects dose dependently. However, when these extracts were given to rats at a dose of 0.25 g/kg, the five single-herb preparations did not show any activity, but the formula-extract still exhibited a strong protective effect. These findings suggest the presence of a synergistic effect among the plant components. Chemical examination of the extracts indicated that the major ingredients of the five plants were essential oils, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and saccharides and these may contribute to the stomach protective activity observed.     

芦荟多糖对动物实验性胃溃疡的影响

目的研究芦荟多糖对动物实验性胃溃疡的影响。方法应用大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡模型、大鼠醋酸烧灼型胃溃疡模型、小鼠利血平致胃溃疡模型,观察芦荟多糖ig给药对实验性胃溃疡的预防与治疗作用及对大鼠胃液、胃酸、胃黏液、胃蛋白酶分泌及活性的影响。结果芦荟多糖对实验性胃溃疡具有明显的预防及治疗作用,并能抑制胃液分泌、胃酸分泌及减少胃蛋白酶、胃黏液的分泌,但对胃蛋白酶活性无明显影响。结论芦荟多糖对动物实验性胃溃疡具有良好的预防及治疗作用,并能抑制溃疡致病因子胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌。     

黄连总碱对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:研究黄连总碱(TA)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用机制。方法:建立乙醇致胃粘膜损伤动物模型,通过胃粘膜损伤指数和病理学改变来观察TA的保护作用。检测胃粘膜一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(·OH)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力。免疫组织化学方法分析神经型一氧化氮合成酶(nNOS)、内皮型NOS(eNOS)和诱导型NOS(iNOS)在胃粘膜的表达。结果:TA剂量依赖性地抑制乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤,且作用强于等量的小檗碱(Ber)。TA明显阻遏乙醇引起的胃粘膜MDA、·OH升高以及NO、SOD降低。TA抑制乙醇所致的nNOS、eNOS在胃粘膜表达降低以及iNOS过表达。结论:黄连能抗人类酒精性胃粘膜损伤,该作用是各生物碱相互增效的结果。作用机制涉及:抑制氧自由基产生;促进自由基清除;减轻脂质过氧化;阻遏nNOS、eNOS表达降低以及iNOS过表达,维持胃粘膜的NO含量在正常水平。     

养胃胶囊治疗胃溃疡的药效学研究

比较养胃胶囊和养胃膏的抗溃疡作用。方法：使用水应激法和乙酸烧灼法建立大鼠胃溃疡模型。结果：养胃胶囊对大鼠水应激所致的胃溃疡有一定的抑制作用,对大鼠乙酸烧有溃疡有明显的治疗作用。结论养胃胶囊可以代替同处方的养胃膏。     

艾灸预处理对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨艾灸预处理对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤保护作用及抗炎症损伤机制。方法:将48只健康SD大鼠随机分为4组,即空白组、模型组、艾灸穴位组、艾灸非穴组。束缚冷应激法制作应激性胃黏膜损伤大鼠模型,按Guth法计算胃黏膜损伤指数(UI),光镜下观察大鼠胃黏膜组织学改变,放射免疫法测定血清IL-1β,TNF-α和IL-10的含量。结果:与艾灸非穴组比较,艾灸足三里、中脘等穴位可使应激性胃黏膜损伤大鼠UI明显下降(P0.01)、血清IL-1β含量降低(P0.05)、TNF-α含量降低(P0.01)、IL-10含量升高(P0.05)。结论:艾灸足三里、中脘等穴位预处理可促进束缚水浸应激所造成大鼠胃黏膜损伤的修复、减轻急性炎症反应,该保护作用可能是通过抑制细胞炎症反应的免疫促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α和促进抗炎因子IL-10而达到其抗胃黏膜损伤作用。