经肝静脉与门静脉离体灌注分离猪肝细胞的比较研究

目的　比较经门静脉顺行灌注法与肝静脉逆行灌注法离体分离屠宰场猪肝细胞并观察原代培养的肝细胞形态学变化。方法　经门静脉顺行和肝静脉逆行离体胶原酶灌注法分离猪肝细胞 ,并在含 10 %小牛血清的WilliamsE培养基中培养。结果　顺行灌注与逆行灌注法分离猪肝细胞的平均产量分别为 (8.8± 0 .5 )× 10 9 肝与 (1.5± 0 .1)× 10 1 0 肝 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,平均肝细胞活性为 (88.7± 1.5 ) %与 (90 .3± 1.5 ) % (P >0 .0 5 )。分离后的肝细胞增生活跃 ,生长良好 ,未见污染。结论　采用肝静脉逆行灌注法可以分离获得高产率、高活性肝细胞 ,可以为生物人工肝提供可靠的细胞来源     

ERCP and MRCP--when and why

Since the introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the 1970s, gastroenterologists have a wide spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic options in the biliopancreatic ductal system at their disposal. With its arrival in the 1990s, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) developed as a potent diagnostic tool in biliopancreatic pathology. Currently, MRCP is widely replacing diagnostic ERCP and thereby avoiding complications related to endoscopic technique.We summarize evidence-based data and demonstrate indications and differential indications for MRCP and ERCP in pancreatic disease. Complications related to the procedures and possible medical prevention are discussed. The feasibility of interventional endoscopy in pancreatic disease is reported in detail. The role of gastroenterologists in performing MRCP is outlined on the basis of practical examples.     

Convection and permeation and albumin between plasma and interstitium.

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics is combined with compartmental analysis to interpret albumin sieving and tracer experiments in terms of a permeability-surface product PS (permeation) and a solvent drag reflection coefficient σ_f (convection) for various blood-tissue barriers. The human whole-body albumin data of Lassen, Parving, and Rossing (Lassen, Parving, and Rossing, Microvasc. Res.7, i–iv (1974)), modified for nonliver tissues by Johnson and Levitt (Johnson &; Levitt, Microvasc. Res.9, 141 (1975)) lead to P ～ 1.8 × 10^?8 cm sec^?1 (based on a surface area per unit plasma volume of 700 cm^?1) and to σ_f ～ 0.9, which imply, in agreement with Johnson and Levitt, that permeation is the dominant nonliver blood-tissue transport mechanism for albumin in the normal resting human. Similar values are derived from the dog paw muscle data of Garlick and Renkin (Garlick and Renkin, Amer. J. Physiol.219, 1595–1605 (1970)). The Casley-Smith (Casley-Smith, Microvasc. Res.9, 43–48 (1975)) mechanism of uphill albumin transport is verified as possible. It is tentatively inferred that lymph formation in resting tissue does not result from a small difference between a large fluid (volumetric) filtration and an almost equally large fluid reabsorption, either in the same capillary (Starling) or between different capillaries (Zweifach) (Zweifach, Circ. Res.34, 858–866 (1974)). Rather, reabsorption is negligibly small relative to filtration, and lymph flow is comparable to volumetric filtration.