乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术的围术期护理

目的探讨乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术的围术期护理方法.方法对20例乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术患者做好术前心理护理、术后移植皮瓣的观察护理及康复训练.结果20例手术均顺利完成,除2例发生并发症,经及时处理痊愈外,其他切口均Ⅰ期愈合,双乳房对称,外形和外观无明显变化,手感良好.结论乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术在切除癌肿的同时再造乳房,而做好围术期护理是手术成功的保障.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后Ⅰ期带蒂背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后Ⅰ期行带蒂背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建的方法与疗效.方法 采用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植的方法对乳腺癌改良根治术后行Ⅰ期乳房再造12例,其中11例术中联合应用乳房假体行乳房重建.结果 全部患者的肌皮瓣均成活,除1例患者因术后包扎过紧而引起假体位置上移需调整外,其他患者术后无积液、感染、坏死等并发症,再造乳房外形美观.结论 乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期利用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣行乳房重建术,效果肯定,对于组织需求少的患者是一种理想的方法.     

乳腺癌改良根治术围手术期心理护理效果观察

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术围手术期心理护理的效果。方法将48例接受乳腺癌改良根治术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组24例。对照组给予围手术期常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上,实施心理护理干预。应用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表,在心理护理干预前后对2组患者进行测量。结果心理护理干预后,2组患者焦虑和抑郁自评量表评分均较干预前有所降低,其中观察组干预后焦虑和抑郁评分较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对接受乳腺癌改良根治术的患者,实施围手术期心理护理干预,可显著降低患者焦虑、忧郁程度,有效改善预后,值得进一步推广。     

乳腺癌患者围手术期护理

目的介绍乳腺癌患者围手术期的护理。方法术前对59例乳腺癌改良根治术患者进行心理评估和干预,解除患者的心理障碍,做好各项术前准备。术中密切配合医生,保证手术顺利进行。术后严密观察病情变化,加强切口和引流管的护理,重视术后患肢功能护理和健康指导。结果 59例患者术后恢复良好,无任何并发症,全部治愈出院。结论做好乳腺癌患者的围手术期护理,对提高护理质量和患者的生活质量有重要意义。     

乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术的围术期护理

目的 探讨乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术的囤术期护理方法。方法 对20例乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术患者做好术前心理护理、术后移植皮辩的观察护理及康复训练。结果 20例手术均顺利完成，除2例发生并发症，经及时处理痊愈外，其他切口均Ⅰ期愈合，双乳房对称，外形和外观无明显变化，手感良好。结论 乳癌改良根治术同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术在切除癌肿的同时再造乳房，而做好围术期护理是手术成功的保障。     

乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体植入术围手术期个体化护理1例

乳腺癌Ⅰ期假体植入术是指在行乳腺癌改良根治术的同时行假体植入.此项技术在西方国家已成为治疗乳腺癌的重要手段,在我国起步不久,因此对此项手术的认识需加强和推广[1].2009年11月武汉市中心医院成功完成首例乳腺癌改良根治术+Ⅰ期假体植入术,对其在围手术期实施了个体化护理,效果满意,报告如下.     

乳腺癌根治术围术期护理

乳腺癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤,目前治疗以手术切除肿瘤及乳房为主.面临癌症的打击,加上形体及性别特征的改变和缺失,患者往往会产生悲观、失望、焦虑心理,丧失战胜疾病的信心,对疾病的预后非常不利.我们以2003年2月至2005年8月对31例行乳腺癌保留胸大肌改良根治术患者为对象,实施围手术期护理,取得良好效果.现报告如下:     

保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建

目的探讨保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建的可行性及治疗效果。 方法收集并回顾性分析2012年3月至2013年3月本院7例施行保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建患者的临床资料。 结果TNM分期:0期2例,ⅠA期1例,ⅡA期3例,交界性叶状肿瘤1例;术后所有病例未见乳头坏死,假体位置良好;中位随访11个月,所有病例均未出现肿瘤局部复发或转移。 结论对早期乳腺癌患者,保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术并Ⅰ期假体重建安全性好,并发症发生率低,选用乳房下皱襞切口能达到更好的美容效果。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后的心理干预及康复护理

目的:探讨总结乳腺癌改良根治术后的心理及康复的护理体会.方法:对31例乳腺癌改良根治术后的病人,做好耐心细致的心理护理,使病人顺利配合手术,指导患者进行正确的康复功能锻炼的方法,坚持不懈,取得了来能更好的效果.结果:大部分患者半年后均能正常参加工作和生活自理.结论:加强乳腺癌改良根治术后的护理,是促进乳腺癌患者康复的重要保证.     

乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期假体置入乳房重建的研究进展

假体置入重建的乳房形态较接近自然,手感好,置入手术操作简单,避免了自体组织移植造成的供区创伤及瘢痕,是目前国际上使用最广泛的乳房重建方式,美国Moffitt癌症中心约3/4的乳腺癌患者选择假体置入乳房重建[1].现将有关乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期假体置入乳房重建进展综述如下.一、Ⅰ期假体置入乳房重建的适应证与患者选择Ⅰ期假体置入重建主要适用于乳房体积较小(一般指体积小于400 ml、或A/B罩杯)[2]、下垂不明显、不宜行保乳手术,不能或不愿接受自体组织重建的患者[3].按肿瘤病理分期,Ⅰ期假体乳房重建主要适用于0期、Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期.肿瘤已侵犯肌层或胸壁,需要切除胸大肌或扩大根治术者,不宜行Ⅰ期假体置入乳房重建[4].目前,国内开展的乳腺癌根治术后Ⅰ期假体置入重建,大部分限于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期乳腺癌、无淋巴结转移、术后不进行放疗的患者,手术范围基本为乳腺全部切除及腋淋巴结清扫[5].此外,吸烟、肥胖、高血压以及超过65岁者都是影响手术的危险因素[6].     

Association of breast cysts and breast cancer

A review of 915 consecutive patients with breast cancer and 812 with breast cysts showed that an association between the two is uncommon--5% of breast cancers were associated with cysts and 4% of cysts were associated with breast cancer. Four types of association were identified: (a) cystic cancers--easily diagnosed because of the characteristic features of the aspirate, failure of the mass to disappear and early recurrence in a patient whose age and menstrual status were not usually associated with cysts; (b) cancers occurring simultaneously with breast cysts--recognized because they did not contain cyst fluid; (c) cysts occurring after breast cancer--diagnosed by aspiration of the mass in premenopausal women; (d) cancers in patients who have had breast cysts--usually occurring many years after the cyst aspiration when menses had ceased. These associations were not sufficiently frequent to justify specific follow-up, but all suspected cysts should be successfully aspirated to confirm the clinical diagnosis.     

Cancer of the breast and breast prostheses

Plastic surgery operations designed to modify the breast volume do not increase the risk of cancer. Xeroradiography provides the best images of operated breasts. The least interfering prostheses are the most radiolucent and, in particular, retropectoral prostheses. The diagnosis of cancer is based on the detection of microcalcifications and star-shaped images. It is guided by clinical examination which is precise as the content of the breast is thin an lies on top of the anterior surface of the implant. The complications of prostheses (shells, collapse, rupture, displacement) have been well studied. After breast reconstruction examination of the contralateral breast is therefore of prime importance due to the risk of bilateral cancer.     

Diagnosis of breast tumors after breast reduction

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnosability of breast tumors after breast reductions as this is a frequent surgical procedure. The data should shed light on the hypothesis that routine screening methods concerning the diagnosis of breast tumors prove more difficult after breast operations. All women who had undergone breast reduction at our department between January 1989 and December 1994 were examined. During this period we counted 166 patients; the majority of them (n = 144) had undergone a bilateral breast reduction and the rest of them (n = 22) a unilateral breast reduction for various reasons. After the operation, all patients were checked in standardized intervals. Those who developed any kind of breast mass (n = 6) were recorded and examined by ultrasound and mammography, and occasionally by an additional fine-needle biopsy. In case any doubt about the dignity had remained, an excisional biopsy was carried out. In none of our patients was it possible to get a precise diagnosis of an ill-defined mass with ultrasound. With mammography, some of the existing masses, which were really scars, mimicked different kinds of tumors, and once a carcinoma was initially interpreted as scar tissue with oil cysts. The diagnosis of breast masses after breast reductions with routinely used screening methods has proved to be more difficult as breast reductions lead to architectural alterations of the remaining breast parenchyma. Such alterations can and should be documented shortly after the operation so that later occurring tumors are distinguished more easily. Therefore, a basic mammography 3 months after each breast reduction has to be claimed in order to facilitate further breast tumor diagnosis.     

Adjustment of the contralateral breast following breast reconstruction

Surgery on the contralateral breast was performed in 64 of 100 patients for adjustment of size and shape or for diagnostic purposes. The patients found it more desirable to adjust size than shape asymmetry on the contralateral breast. There was only one early complication and six late ones. The former was a postoperative hematoma after a reduction mammaplasty. The latter were three cases of capsular contractures after augmentation mammaplasties. In these cases the implant was placed in a submuscular position. In three cases, patients asked for a secondary reduction mammaplasty because of poor symmetry. There were some difficulties in comparing pre- and postoperative mammography after augmentation mammaplasty. In the other adjustment procedures, there were only minor difficulties in a few cases comparing pre- and postoperative mammography. Patients with a high risk of bilateral breast cancer needing size and/or shape symmetry correction should be considered for mastectomy and immediate reconstruction.     

基层医院乳腺癌保乳手术的体会

目的探讨基层医院乳腺癌保乳手术的可行性。方法自2003年10月至2005年10月对早期乳腺癌共施行了15例保乳手术,肿瘤直径在2～3cm,手术切除肿瘤范围约2cm的正常组织以确保切缘阴性,清扫是达到腋淋巴结Ⅰ水平。结果术中冰冻病理报告所有标本各切缘无癌残留,腋淋巴结均无转移。所有病例乳房形态保持良好,患者满意。无术后切口感染、积血、积液和皮肤坏死。术后随访1～48个月,未见局部复发和远处转移。结论只要严格掌握手术指征,在基层医院施行保乳手术是可行的。     

Endoscopic breast surgery for breast cancer

Since 1995, endoscopic breast surgery (EBS) has been gradually established in Japan. Establishment of EBS was inextricably linked to explosive development of instruments for endoscopic surgery and profound theoretical understanding, how to perform broad & stable dissection of the compact connective tissue thorough small incisions. EBS consisted chiefly of two procedures added to breast and axilla and procedures to breast is classified into three methods according to incisions, axillar, periareolar and combined incisions. With EBS technique, any kind breast surgery, sentinel node biopsy, reconstruction, augmentation, and benign tumor excision, could be performed through same skin incisions. Curability of breast cancer EBS is same as that with conventional method and local recurrence rate after total and partial mastectomy. All breast cancer without skin involvement of cancer would be candidate for EBS. To minimize invasiveness of treatment and maintain cosmetic outcome of breast, combination treatment of ablation treatment, EBS and evolution of radiation therapy would be important.