中间锦鸡儿黄酮类成分的研究

目的研究中间锦鸡儿的化学成分。方法用溶剂法、色谱法分离化学成分，用波谱法鉴定其结构。结果从中间锦鸡儿中分离得到10个黄酮类化合物，分别鉴定为5,7,4′-三羟基-3,3′-二甲氧基黄酮(1)，3,5,7,8,4′-五羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(2),槲皮素(3),柠檬黄酮醇(4),槲皮素-3-甲醚(5)，2(S)-7,3′,5′-三羟基二氢黄酮(6)，5,7,3′,4′-四羟基-3,8-二甲氧基黄酮(7),紫铆查尔酮（8）,甘草素（9）和5,7,4′-三羟基-3,8二甲氧基黄酮（10）。结论化合物6为新化合物，其余皆首次从中间锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

刺异叶花椒化学成分研究

目的　研究刺异叶花椒(Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsl. var spinifolum Rhed . et Wils)的化学成分。方法　采用现代色谱技术进行化学成分的分离,运用光谱方法确定所分离化合物的结构。结果　分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为6-(3′-甲基2′,3′-丁二醇基)-7-乙酰氧基香豆素(I) ,6-(3′-甲基-2′,3′-丁二醇基) 香豆素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(II) ,正二十六烷酸(III) ,葡萄内酯(IV) ,5 ,3′-二羟基-4-甲氧基-二氢黄酮-7-[O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-α-L-鼠李糖]苷(V)。结论　化合物I -V均为首次从该植物中分得,其中I为新化合物     

旱莲草化学成分的研究

目的　研究常用中药旱莲草(Eclipta prostrata L)的化学成分。方法　采用Bohlmann法和渗漉热提法以及色谱法对旱莲草化学成分进行分离纯化,用波谱法对其结构进行鉴定。结果　从旱莲草脂溶性部位及亲水性部位分得10个化学成分,分别确定为蟛蜞菊内酯(1),去甲蟛蜞菊内酯(2),异去甲蟛蜞菊内酯(3),α-醛基三聚噻吩(4),吕宋果内酯(5),β-谷甾醇(6),正二十九醇(7),硬脂酸(8),三十二碳酸(9),龙胆酸(10)。脂溶性部位的极性最小部位通过气质联用方法进行检测,鉴定出14个脂肪烃以及脂肪酸酯类化学成分。结论　化合物3为新化合物,2-10及通过GC-MS鉴定的14个化合物均为首次从旱莲草中分得和检出。     

铁刀木中一个新的色酮苷

目的 研究铁刀木的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱和薄层色谱分离铁刀木的化学成分,通过理化常数测定和波谱分析等鉴定化合物的结构。结果从铁刀木树干中分离并鉴定了5个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(I),蔗糖(II),正二十八醇(III),2-甲基-5-(2′-羟丙基)-7-羟基色酮-2′-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(IV),3,3′,4,5′-四羟基二苯乙烯(V)。结论化合物II,III,V为首次从该植物中分得,化合物IV为新化合物。     

酸枣仁皂苷D的分离及结构鉴定

目的研究酸枣仁Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex. H.F.的化学成分。方法用多种色谱方法分离化学成分、鉴定结构。结果从正丁醇部分分离得到5个化合物，其结构分别为：酸枣仁皂苷D(1, jujuboside D)，酸枣仁皂苷A(2, jujuboside A)，5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮醇-3-O-β-D-鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-葡糖苷(3), 5,4′-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮-6-C-6-对香豆酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-葡糖苷(4, 6-coumaroylspinosin)及苯丙氨酸(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物，化合物4作为阻转异构体存在为首次报道，化合物3和5为首次从酸枣仁获得。     

石胆草中黄酮碳苷的分离与结构鉴定石胆草中黄酮碳苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究石胆草(Corallodiscus flabellata)的化学成分。方法利用Diaion HP-20,Sephadex LH-20,硅胶柱等色谱技术分离,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从石胆草中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:5,3′,4′-三羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-木糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(1);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-木糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(2);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(3);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-芹糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(4);3,4-二羟基-苯乙酸乙二醇酯(5);羟基酪醇(6);罗布麻宁(7)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,其余化合物均系首次从该植物中分离得到。     

黄杉化学成分的研究

目的研究黄杉的化学成分。方法用色谱方法分离黄杉化学成分,用波谱技术(IR,UV,MS,1D和2D-NMR)鉴定结构。结果从黄杉树皮中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6-methylflavanone (poriol, I), 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavonone (quercetin, II), 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-6-methylflavanone (III), 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone (IV), 3,5,7,3′,5′-pentahydroxyflavanone (V)和5-hydroxy-6-methylchromone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (VI)。结论III,VI为新化合物,所得6个化合物均为首次从该属植物中分得。     

中药红泽兰化学成分的研究

本文报道从中药红泽兰(爵床科马兰属植物垂序马兰StrobilanShes japonicusⅠ的全草)中分离出的黄酮和甾醇四种成分。经化学及光谱分析鉴定其中之一为新黄酮甙(Ⅱ),命名为红泽兰甙(strobilanthin),即5,7-二甲氧基-4′-羟基黄酮-4’-0-芹糖甙;另一系首次直接从天然界中分得的黄酮化合物(Ⅰ),为前者的甙元即5,7-二甲氧基-4’-羟基黄酮;其余两种均首次从马兰属植物中分出,分别为豆甾醇(Ⅲ)和豆甾-8(14)-烯-3-醇(Ⅳ)。     

杜鹃嫩枝叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的分析比较映山红(Rhododendron simsii Planch.)和南昆杜鹃(Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr.)嫩枝叶挥发油的化学成分。方法采用药典方法提取挥发油，利用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和化学计量学及标准物对照的方法对各个色谱峰定性，并用色谱峰面积归一法获得各化合物的相对含量。结果共鉴定了124种化合物，其中共有化合物48种。从映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油中分别鉴定出94和78种化合物，分别占总挥发油的84.47%和90.25%。其中72.76%和88.07%为含氧化合物,主要为萜醇、酸和酯类物质。1-辛烯-3-醇(4.00%，7.90%)，3,7-二甲基-1,6-二烯-3-辛醇(12.60%，3.48%)，薄荷醇(2.15%，3.29%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸(1.15%，45.34%)，植醇(15.21%，8.56%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸乙基酯 (9.16%,8.01%)为映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油所共有的主要化学成分，分别占总挥发油的44.27%和76.58%。映山红中还含有棕榈酸(7.73%)，9,12–二烯十八烷酸(1.85%)，十四烷酸甲基酯(1.38%)等主要化学成分。结论利用GC-MS分析法结合化学计量学分辨方法和标准物质鉴定挥发油化学成分，比单独使用GC-MS法结果更加准确、可靠。     

白花败酱草化学成分的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究白花败酱草的化学成分。方法利用溶剂萃取后进行硅胶柱和制备液相色谱分离纯化，根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离并鉴定了8个化合物：bolusanthol B (1)，(2S)-5,7,2′,6′-四羟基-6,8-二异戊烯基-二氢黄酮(2)，orotinin (3)，(2S)-5,7,2′,6′-四羟基-6-lavandulyl-二氢黄酮(4)，3′-异戊烯基-芹黄素(5)，木犀草素(6)，槲皮素(7)和洋芹素(8)。结论化合物2，4为新化合物，1，3，5为首次从败酱属植物中分离得到，6，7，8为首次从白花败酱草中分离得到。     

人工蛹虫草子实体化学成分

目的　研究人工培养蛹虫草（Cordyceps militaris）干燥子实体的化学成分。方法　利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过理化方法及光谱（UV,IR,HRMS,EIMS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,FGCOSY,DEPT,FGHMQC和FGHMBC）分析鉴定其化学结构。结果　从人工培养蛹虫草干燥子实体的乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为: 3′-脱氧腺苷（3-deoxyadenosine, 1）, 腺苷（adenosine, 2）, N⁶-甲基腺苷（N⁶-methyladenosine, 3）, O^5′-乙酰基虫草素(O^5′-Acetylcordycepin, 4), N⁶-［β-(乙酰胺甲酰)氧乙基］腺苷（N⁶-［β-(acetylcarbamoyloxy) ethyl］ adenosine, 5）,虫草环肽A(cordycepeptide A, 6)和麦角甾醇过氧化物（ergosterol peroxide, 7）。结论　化合物(5）和(6)为两个新化合物,并首次归属这些化合物波谱信号。     

苏合香挥发性化学成分的GC-MS研究

目的:研究苏合香的挥发性化学成分。方法:通过固相微萃取技术提取苏合香的挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析鉴定。结果:共鉴定出苏合香28种成分,占总色谱峰面积的90.72%,其中α-蒎烯(15.97%)、莰烯(13.28%)和β-蒎烯(12.82%)的含量较高。结论:本方法简便、高效,可为芳香辛味含挥发性成分药物的成分研究提供参考。     

Anti-allergic activity of sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyperus rotundus</Emphasis>

From the 70% ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (CRE), several major constituents including the sesquiterpene derivatives (valencene, nootkatone, and caryophyllene α-oxide), monoterpenes (β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and limonene) and 4-cymene were isolated and examined for their anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo. In rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1 cells, the sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed leukotrienes production. In addition, they inhibited β-hexosaminidase release by antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, with valencene having the highest inhibitory effect. CRE inhibited leukotrienes production and β-hexosaminidase release at 300 μg/mL. It was also found that the most active sesquiterpene (valencene) and CRE inhibited β-hexosaminidase degranulation by inhibiting the initial activation reaction, Lyn phosphorylation, in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, CRE, valencene and nootkatone significantly inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in mice when administered orally at 50–300 mg/kg. In conclusion, C. rotundus and its constituents, valencene, nootkatone, and caryophyllene α-oxide, exert anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo. These sesquiterpenes, but not monoterpenes, certainly contribute to the anti-allergic activity of the rhizomes of C. rotundus.     

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Twigs of Pistacia lentiscus,Pistacia lentiscus var. chia,and Pistacia terebinthus from Turkey

The composition of the essential oils from the leaves and twigs of Pistacia lentiscus L., Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (L.), and Pistacia terebinthus L. of Turkish origin were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-seven constituents were characterized from the essential oil of P. terebinthus leaves with α-cadinol (6.9%), phytol (5.4%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), α-terpineol (5.0%), and bornyl acetate (4.4%) as major constituents. Germacrene D (10%), β-pinene (7.5%), bornyl acetate (6.0%), α-cubebene (5.9%), and cubebol (5.4%) were found to be the main components among the 61 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. terebinthus twigs. Forty-six compounds were characterized from the essential oil of P. lentiscus twigs with sabinene (23.2%), α-pinene (19.4%), germacrene D (14.1%), limonene (6.9%), β-phellandrene (6.5%), terpinene-4-ol (5.7%), and β-caryophyllene (5.7%) as the main constituents. Terpinene-4-ol (29.2%), β-caryophyllene (29.2%), and p-cymene (7.1%) were identified as the major components among the 64 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus leaves. Sixty-eight compounds were found on the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia leaves with germacrene D (20.1%), myrcene (13.9%), β-caryophyllene (10.8%), and α-terpinyl acetate (4.8%) as the major constituents. Myrcene (27.4%), germacrene D (21.7%), and β-caryophyllene (7.2%) were found to be the main components among 50 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia twigs.     

Essential oils from Schinus terebinthifolius leaves – chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

Context: In folk medicine, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), has been used as a remedy for ulcers, respiratory problems, wounds, rheumatism, gout, diarrhea, skin ailments and arthritis, as well as to treat tumors and leprosy.

Objective: To investigate the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of essential oil from leaves of S. terebinthifolius as well as the identification of active compounds from this oil.

Material and methods: Essential oil from S. terebinthifolius leaves, obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, was characterized in terms of its chemical composition. Also, the crude oil was subjected to chromatographic separation procedures to afford an active fraction composed of α- and β-pinenes. These compounds, including hydrogenation (pinane) and epoxydation (α-pinene oxide) derivatives from α-pinene, were tested in vitro against murine melanoma cell line (B16F10-Nex2) and human melanoma (A2058), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), leukemia (human leukemia (HL-60) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines.

Results: Forty-nine constituents were identified in the oil (97.9% of the total), with germacrene D (23.7%), bicyclogermacrene (15.0%), β-pinene (9.1%) and β-longipinene (8.1%) as the main compounds. The crude essential oil showed cytotoxic effects in several cell lines, mainly on leukemia and human cervical carcinoma. Fractions composed mainly of α- and β-pinenes as well as those composed of individually pinenes showed effective activities against all tested cell lines. Aiming to determinate preliminary structure/activity relationships, α-pinene was subjected to epoxydation and hydrogenation procedures whose obtained α-pinene oxide showed an expressive depression in its cytotoxicity effect, similar as observed to pinane derivative.

Discussion and conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the monoterpenes α- and β-pinenes could be responsible to the cytotoxic activity detected in the crude oil from leaves of S. terebinthifolius. In addition, it was possibly inferred that the presence of double bond in their structures, mainly at endocyclic position, is crucial to cytotoxic potential detected in these derivatives.     

Chemical Composition and Anti–Helicobacter pylori Activity of the Essential Oil of Pistacia vera

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of Pistacia vera L. gum was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty compounds were identified, representing 99.5% of the total components. α-Pinene, β-pinene, and α-thujene were found to be the major constituents. The bacteriostatic activity of the essential oil against 12 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori was determined using the hole-plate method. All isolates were sensitive to the essential oil, and the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was 1.55 mg/ml for all isolates using the agar dilution method.     

挥发油成分的研究——Ⅲ.腋花杜鹃挥发油的化学成分研究和牡荆、荆条挥发油成分的比较

用GC和GC-MS研究了腋花杜鹃叶中挥发油的化学成分,鉴定了α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,对-繖花烃,1,8-桉叶素,醋酸冰片酯,反-丁香烯及环氧丁香烯等几种主要成分,并测定了其含量。比较了腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条挥发油的组成,结果表明成分大致相似,唯一明显差别为前者含有较大量的醋酸冰片酯和反式丁香烯而不是β-丁香烯,同时后二者含有香桧烯而不含β-蒎烯。腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条虽为不同科属植物,但具有同样治疗气管炎之效用,究其原因,就在于它们有类似的化学成分。     

夏枯草皂苷A的结构鉴定

目的：研究夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.)果穗中的化学成分。方法：用色谱法分离夏枯草的化学成分,并用化学及波谱法鉴定其结构。结果：从夏枯草中分离得到6个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为β-香树脂醇（1）,α-波甾醇（2）,豆甾醇（3）,豆甾-7-烯-3β-醇（4）,咖啡酸（5）和2α,3α,24-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-28-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷（6）。并将其亲脂性部分甲基化后用气质联用方法进行分析,从中分离鉴定了8个脂肪酸类化合物。 结论：化合物6为新化合物,命名为夏枯草皂苷A,化合物2～5为首次从夏枯草获得。     

草苁蓉化学成分的研究

目的：研究我国民间草药草苁蓉［Boschniakia rossica (Cham.et Schltdl) Fedtsch.et Flerov.］的化学成分。方法：草苁蓉全草醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位经硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层分离,分得8个化合物。通过波谱和化学方法鉴定了它们的结构。结果：8个化合物的结构分别鉴定为4,5,6-三羟基噢酮(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、β-谷甾醇3-O-β-D-葡糖苷(3)、7-去氧-8-表马钱子酸(4)、没食子酸(5)、肉桂酸(6)、咖啡酸(7)和草苁蓉纳拉苷(8)。结论：4,5,6-三羟基噢酮(1)为新的噢酮化合物,4个已知化合物:7-去氧-8-表马钱子酸(4)、没食子酸(5)、肉桂酸(6)、咖啡酸(7)为首次从草苁蓉中分得。     

Chemical composition,antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils

Context: Solanum erianthum D. Don and Solanum macranthum Dunal (Solanaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. The leaves act as an abortifacient and in particular to treat leucorrhoea, sores, and skin irritations.

Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize the volatile constituents of the leaf and fruit essential oils of S. erianthum and S. macranthum; their antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic bioassay against human breast and prostate tumor cells.

Methods: The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microbroth dilution technique while the cytotoxic potentials were evaluated using the Cell Titre 96^(R) AQ_ueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay method.

Results: Solanum erianthum essential oils were characterized by the abundance of α-terpinolene (17.8%), α-phellandrene (17.5%), p-cymene (15.7%) and β-pinene (11.7%) in the leaves; α-humulene (23.1%), humulene epoxide II (20.0%), caryophyllene oxide (16.5%), methyl salicylate (11.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.9%) in the fruits. The leaf oil of S. macranthum consisted of (E)-phytol (29.0%), pentadecanal (28.1%) and pentadecane (7.7%) while the major fruit oil constituents were α-humulene (36.5%), β-caryophyllene (17.8%), ethyl palmitate (9.4%), and methyl salicylate (8.2%). Solanum erianthum leaf volatile oil demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against Hs 578T and PC-3 human breast and prostate tumor cells respectively. In addition, the Solanum essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (19.5–625 µg/mL) on pathogens employed in the assay.

Conclusion: The Solanum essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity in addition to the potent cytotoxic potential of S. erianthum leaf oil against Hs 578T and PC-3 cells.