Weight management goals and practices among U.S. high school students: associations with physical activity, diet, and smoking.

PURPOSE: To examine associations of physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cigarette smoking with weight management goals and practices of U.S. high school students.METHODS: Data were from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a representative sample of U.S. high school students (n = 15,349). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to describe associations, controlling for demographic characteristics.RESULTS: Based on self-reported height and weight, 25% of students were either overweight (11%) or at risk for becoming overweight (14%). However, 43% of students were trying to lose weight and 19% of students were trying to maintain their current weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be trying to lose weight. Trying to lose weight was associated with vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.5), strengthening exercises (OR = 2.2), and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.4) among female students; and vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.6), strengthening exercises (OR = 1.8), and eating > or =5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.5) among male students. Among students trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, only 62% of females and 41% of males combined exercise with a reduced fat and calorie diet, while 32% of females and 17% of males used unhealthy weight control methods (fasting, diet pills, vomiting, or laxatives).CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to promote healthy weight management among adolescents are needed and should place greater emphasis on combining physical activity with a reduced fat and calorie diet, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and discouraging smoking and other unhealthy weight control practices.     

Irregular Menses Linked to Vomiting in a Nonclinical Sample: Findings from the National Eating Disorders Screening Program in High Schools

PURPOSE: Using data from an eating disorders screening initiative conducted in high schools across the United States, we examined the relationship between vomiting frequency and irregular menses in a nonclinical sample of adolescent females. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was administered to students from U.S. high schools participating in the National Eating Disorders Screening Program in 2000. The questionnaire included items on frequency of vomiting for weight control in the past 3 months, other eating disorder symptoms, frequency of menses, height, and weight. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted using data from 2791 girls to estimate the risk of irregular menses (defined as menses less often than monthly) associated with vomiting frequency, adjusting for other eating disorder symptoms, weight status, age, race/ethnicity, and school clusters. RESULTS: Girls who vomited to control their weight one to three times per month were one and a half times more likely (risk ratio [RR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-2.2), and girls who vomited once per week or more often were more than three times more likely (RR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.3-4.4), to experience irregular menses than were girls who did not report vomiting for weight control. Vomiting for weight control remained a strong predictor of irregular menses even when overweight and underweight participants were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds to the evidence that vomiting may have a direct effect on hormonal function in adolescent girls, and that vomiting for weight control may be a particularly deleterious component of eating disorders.     

Weight regain in U.S. adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999-2002

BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have focused on who is at risk for weight regain after weight loss and how to prevent it. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of weight regain in U.S. adults who had experienced substantial weight loss. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study examined U.S. adults aged 20-84 years who were overweight or obese at their maximum weight (body mass index >/=25) and had experienced substantial weight loss (weighed 10% less than their maximum weight 1 year before they were surveyed) (n=1310). RESULTS: Compared to their weight 1 year ago, 7.6% had continued to lose weight (>5%), 58.9% had maintained their weight (within 5%), and 33.5% had regained weight (>5%). Factors associated with weight regain (vs weight maintenance or loss) included Mexican American ethnicity (versus non-Hispanic white) (odds ratio [OR]=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3-3.1), losing a greater percentage of maximum weight (>/=20% vs 10% to <15%) (OR=2.8; 95% CI=2.0-4.1), having fewer years since reaching maximum weight (2-5 years vs >10 years) (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.2-3.7), reporting greater daily screen time (>/=4 hours vs 0-1 hour) (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.3-3.2), and attempting to control weight (OR=1.8; 95% CI=1.1-3.0). Finally, weight regain was higher in those who were sedentary (OR=1.8; 95% CI=1.0-3.0) or not meeting public health recommendations for physical activity (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.2-3.5). CONCLUSIONS: How to achieve the skills necessary for long-term maintenance of weight loss in the context of an obesogenic environment remains a challenge.     

辽宁省学生近视情况及其影响因素

目的  了解2019年辽宁省学生视力情况,并分析其影响因素。为进一步制定防治学生近视策略和措施提供科学依据。 方法  采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取辽宁省14个市学生,对抽取的学生进行远视力检查、屈光检查和问卷调查。利用Logistic回归分析模型分析学生近视发生的影响因素。 结果  辽宁省学生的近视率为53.17%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析发现,影响视力的主要因素有经济分类、城乡划分、性别、学校类型、是否住校、座位调换情况、眼保健操情况、户外活动是否达标情况及是否存在视屏时间过长行为(均有P < 0.05)。其中经济水平好(OR=0.802, 95% CI:0.751~0.855)、性别女(OR=0.663, 95% CI:0.635~0.692)、高年级(初中OR=0.337, 95% CI:0.358~0.398;高中OR=0.182, 95% CI:0.170~0.196;职高OR=0.392, 95% CI:0.351~0.438)、不住校(OR=0.771, 95% CI:0.716~0.830)、座位至少每月调换1次(OR=0.801, 95% CI:0.739~0.868)和眼保健操每天做2次及以上(OR=0.922, 95% CI:0.850~0.998)与近视率的降低有关,而经济水平中等(OR=1.215, 95% CI:1.115~1.323)、郊县地区(OR=1.134, 95% CI:1.083~1.187)、户外活动不达标(OR=1.069, 95% CI:1.014~1.128)和存在视屏时间过长行为(OR=1.221, 95% CI:1.166~1.280)则与近视率增加有关。 结论  辽宁省学生近视发生率相对较高,防控形势严峻。应采取改变学生的用眼习惯、加强体育锻炼等措施,多方联合的防控手段,以减少学生近视的发生。     

Health consciousness of young people in relation to their personality.

Personality of targeted individuals can be assumed to influence behavior modification by health education. In this study the influence of personality on health consciousness was analyzed by a questionnaire for lifestyle, health consciousness, and the NEO-FFI personality test. Subjects were 942 new students in the Tokyo University of Agriculture who were surveyed in April, 1998. Separately performed health examination data were used to verify reliability of answers to the questionnaire. Among students, 83.2% of males and 90.4% of females felt themselves to be healthy, and more than 80% students desired to improve their health more. The rate of having no physical complaints, however, was only 31.7% in males and 20.4% in females. Distribution of NEO-FFI scores of neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A), and conscientiousness (C) corresponded well between males and females, except for significantly higher scores of O and A in females. Odds ratios (ORs) between high and low tertial points of NEO-FFI score for health consciousness were significantly elevated in the high scoring groups of E and C (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.46-26.82, and OR = 6.04, 95% CI = 1.42-25.71, respectively) in males. On the contrary, high N and O groups had low health consciousness. Smoking habit was associated with high E scores (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.13-4.43). Dietary habits, regular eating time, and avoidance of salty foods were associated with high C scores in both males and females. The OR of regular eating time was 2.66 (95% CI = 1.42-1.98), and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.31-3.71) for males and females, respectively. The OR of avoidance of salty foods were 2.09 (95% CI = 1.11-3.91), 1.87 (95% CI = 1.11-3.16) for males and females, respectively. Significant associations between lifestyle and personality require further study for risk association analysis and for relationship to interventive practices for prevention of lifestyle associated diseases.     

The effectiveness in utilizing Chinese media to promote breast health among Chinese women

To increase the awareness and practice of breast health guidelines, a media-based education campaign on breast health was launched among immigrant Chinese community in San Francisco. The media campaign included airing two public service announcements (PSAs) on Chinese television and radio stations and publishing the same message in Chinese newspapers during 2000. Seven-hundred-ten face-to-face interviews were conducted with women who were recruited from various settings in the city of San Francisco to evaluate the impact of the campaign. Survey participants were asked to describe the content of the PSAs. Having viewed the PSA was significantly associated with the ability to identify all four guidelines (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35-2.85), knowing how to perform breast self-exam (BSE; OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.53-3.29), having performed BSE within the past month (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.05-4.74), and having a clinical breast exam (CBE; OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.82-4.90) and mammogram (MAM; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.36) in the past year. The study findings support that a media campaign utilizing PSAs is effective in improving knowledge of breast health guidelines, teaching Chinese women how to (BSEs), and increasing breast health practices.     

Adolescent binge/purge and weight loss behaviors: associations with developmental assets.

PURPOSE: To study associations between binge/purge and weight loss behaviors and "developmental assets" among adolescent girls and boys. METHODS: The Search Institute's Profile of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors self-report questionnaire was administered to 48,264 girls and 47,131 boys in grades 6 through 12 at schools in 213 cities or towns across the United States. The 156-item questionnaire measured 40 "developmental assets," or protective factors associated with successful adolescent development. Developmental assets were examined using multiple logistic regression among students who reported binge/purge behaviors, weight loss behavior, both, or neither. RESULTS: Developmental assets related to positive identity were the strongest discriminators of binge/purge and weight loss behaviors in both girls and boys. Girls who reported binge/purge and weight loss behaviors were about half as likely to report feeling a sense of purpose [odds ratio (OR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40, 0.50] and high self-esteem (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.61), compared with girls not reporting either of these behaviors. Among boys the ORs were: sense of purpose OR = 0.53 (95% CI = 0.46, 0.61) and self-esteem OR = 0.76 (95% CI = 0.65, 0.88). Assets related to values about abstinence from alcohol, drugs, or sex ("restraint") were also significant correlates. Girls and boys who reported these values were less likely to report binge/purge and weight loss behaviors, compared with those who did not report these values (girls: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.50, 0.63; boys: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70, 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Internal assets such as self-esteem, sense of purpose, and values related to abstinence from alcohol and sex appear to be protective against unhealthy eating behaviors and may reflect a general resilience that buffers against a broad range of health risk behaviors.     

2015年广州市5岁儿童重度龋病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 了解广州市5岁儿童重度龋病发生的影响因素,为制订科学、有效的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 在人群调查的基础上,按照1：1配对原则筛选出244对重度龋和无龋儿童组成病例组和对照组,采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归方法分析儿童重度龋病的影响因素。结果 多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示低出生体重（OR=3.08,95%CI：1.00~9.43,P=0.049）,高出生体重（OR=2.30,95%CI：1.06~4.97,P=0.035）,经常进食甜食（OR=2.17,95%CI：1.07~4.44,P=0.033）,睡前有进食甜食习惯（OR=1.80,95%CI：1.08~12.98,P=0.023）以及父母年龄（OR=0.50,95%CI：0.28~0.87,P=0.015）是广州市5岁儿童重度龋病发生的影响因素。结论 父母应重视儿童乳牙龋的发生,从小培养儿童形成良好的饮食行为习惯,降低重度婴幼儿龋病的发生率。     

广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐频次与学生肥胖的关系

目的 了解广州市城区小学二年级学生的家庭在外就餐现状及其影响因素,并分析其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。方法 抽取广州市12所小学的二年级学生2 206名,进行问卷调查和体格检查。应用logistic回归模型分析家庭在外就餐的影响因素及其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。结果 学生家庭在外就餐≥1次/周者占53.99%。多因素分析显示,独生子女家庭比非独生子女家庭有更高的可能性在外就餐（OR = 1.45,95% CI:1.18～1.78,P＜0.001）。与家庭人均月收入＜5 000元的家庭相比,收入高的家庭在外就餐的可能性更高（家庭人均月收入为5 000～9 999元:OR = 1.60,95% CI:1.21～2.13,P = 0.001;≥10 000元:OR = 2.22,95% CI:1.68～2.94,P＜0.001）。类似,与父母文化程度为高中及以下的家庭相比,父母文化程度为大专或本科的家庭有更高的在外就餐可能性（OR = 1.87,95% CI:1.44～2.43,P＜0.001）。而中等营养知识得分的家长较得分高的家长有减少带孩子外出就餐的倾向（OR = 0.75,95% CI:0.59～0.95,P = 0.016）。此外,家庭在外就餐与儿童超重肥胖风险增高存在统计学关联（OR = 1.31,95% CI:1.03～1.67,P = 0.032）。结论 广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐现象较为普遍。独生子女家庭、家庭收入和父母文化程度和营养知识水平是家庭在外就餐的影响因素。家庭在外就餐可能会增加儿童超重肥胖的风险。     

重庆某地区小学儿童超重和肥胖的危险因素研究

目的 了解重庆市某地区2所小学儿童超重、肥胖的危险因素,为儿童超重、肥胖的预防和控制提供依据.方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样的方法对重庆市某市区2所小学511名学生进行体格检查和问卷调查,并对其家长进行问卷调查.结果 儿童超重和肥胖检出率分别为10.57％和10.18％.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、不同学校、儿童吃饭速度和儿童出生时体重是超重和肥胖的影响因素（P＜0.05）,男生（OR=2.427,95％ CI：1.444～4.077）、城市学校（OR=2.537,95％ CI：1.578～4.079）、儿童吃饭速度快（OR=2.013,95％ CI：1.183～3.424）、儿童出生时体重越重（OR=3.344,95％ CI：2.098～5.331）则越容易导致超重、肥胖发生.结论 鉴于上述结果,呼吁相关部门重视儿童青少年超重、肥胖的防治,针对儿童肥胖的成因采取行之有效的干预措施.     

Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa,and other eating disorders--a nationwide register study

OBJECTIVE: To study fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHOD: Cohort study including all Danes diagnosed with AN (n = 2,149), BN (n = 1,294), or EDNOS (n = 942) between 1977 and 1998. Each patient was compared with three randomly drawn age- and gender-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Fracture risk was increased in AN after diagnosis compared to controls (incidence rate ratio: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.60-2.44), but not before. The increased fracture risk persisted more than 10 years after diagnosis. A significant increase in fracture risk was found before diagnosis in BN (1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.64), with a trend towards an increase after diagnosis (1.44, 95% CI: 0.93-2.22). EDNOS patients had a significant increase in fracture risk before (1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81) and after diagnosis (1.77, 95% CI: 1.25-2.51). DISCUSSION: The increased fracture risk many years after diagnosis indicates permanent skeletal damage.     

Association of Web-Based Weight Loss Information Use With Weight Reduction Behaviors in Adolescent Women

Purpose

To examine the association between seeking weight loss information from the Internet and weight loss behaviors.

Methods

A self-administered survey was conducted on 3,181 women, aged 16–24 years, between August 2008 and August 2010. Questions were asked on use of the Internet to obtain weight loss information and various weight loss practices. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between seeking weight loss information online and practicing these weight loss behaviors.

Results

In all, 39% used the Internet to seek weight loss information. Women who obtained weight loss information from the Internet were more likely to exercise (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.60), use diet pills (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.93–5.84), laxatives (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.15–3.54), diuretics (OR: 7.89, 95% CI: 2.88–21.61), vomit after eating (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.24–5.30), skip meals (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 2.26–3.39), smoke more cigarettes (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.14–2.14), and stop eating carbohydrates (OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.81–5.26) after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education.

Conclusions

Many young women engage in unhealthy weight loss behaviors which they may learn online. Interventions are needed to instruct young women on safe practices to lose weight.     

大学新生膳食模式及其影响因素的研究

目的 了解大学新生的膳食模式,分析其膳食模式的影响因素。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,调查1319名大学新生的膳食模式及其影响因素。结果发现4种膳食模式：Ⅰ（摄入较多的汉堡包及油炸食品、腌制食品、坚果类、零食、可乐、雪碧、咖啡、糖类）、Ⅱ（摄入较多的猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、禽肉、动物肝脏、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、坚果类）、Ⅲ（摄入较多新鲜水果、鸡蛋、鱼虾类、海带/海鱼/紫菜等海制品、奶及奶制品、豆类及豆制品、坚果类）、Ⅳ（摄入较多的粮谷类、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、猪肉）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,主要影响其膳食模式的因素：(1)男生膳食模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ与居住地点(OR= 1.67,95％CI:0.87～3.19;OR=1.51,95％CI:0.79～ 2.88)、就餐地点（OR= 1.63,95％CI:1.03～2.59;OR= 1.83,95％CI:1.04～ 3.23）、母亲的文化程度（OR=2.52,95％CI:1.07 ～ 5.95;OR=3.38,95％CI:1.50 ～ 7.63）、家庭经济状况（OR=2.24,95％CI：1.30 ～ 3.88;OR=3.06,95％CI:1.77～ 5.29）、被动吸烟(OR= 1.80,95％CI:0.70 ～ 4.59;OR=1.83,95％CI:0.75 ～4.45)呈正相关。膳食模式Ⅲ与母亲的文化程度呈负相关（OR=0.56,95％CI:0.17～ 1.79）;膳食模式Ⅳ和就餐地点呈正相关(OR=1.83,95％CI:1.04 ～ 3.23),但是与母亲的文化程度呈负相关( OR=0.56,95％CI:0.17～ 1.79)。(2)女生与男生相比,膳食模式Ⅰ和居住地点、就餐地点关系不大;而对于膳食模式Ⅱ、Ⅲ来说,被动吸烟对女生影响也不大。结论大学新生的膳食模式受社会人口统计学及生活方式等多种因素影响。     

大学生自杀行为相关因素比较分析

目的 了解大学生自杀发生率,分析影响自杀行为的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,问卷调查9808名大学生的自杀行为发生情况及相关因素.结果 自杀未遂的报告率为1.7%;有无自杀未遂的大学生在自杀态度、所认识的人发生自杀行为的情况及所遭受负性生活事件方面均有显著差异.多因素logistic回归分析显示,主要影响自杀行为的危险因素是:近一年感到绝望的频率高(OR=4.23,95%CI:3.05～5.85),一级亲属有过自杀行为(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.72～4.73),认识的人中有自杀行为(OR=2.82,95%CI:2.05-3.88),已发生过性行为(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.88～3.96),近一个月因心理问题对学习或日常生活有影响(OR=2.53,95%CI:1.80～3.56),女性(OR=2.47,95%CI:1.77～3.45)及其他有血缘关系的亲属有过自杀行为(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.63～3.41).结论 大学生的自杀行为受心理、生物、社会因素的共同作用,必须采取针对性措施对自杀行为实施有效干预.     

Risk factors for anemia among 6- to 12-month-old children in Brazil]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of anemia and to determine associated risk factors among infants receiving routine health care in public clinics in Brazil. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 2,715 infants between 6 and 12 months old in 12 cities, in all five of the geographic regions of Brazil. Information regarding the child and its feeding habits was obtained from the mother or other caregiver, using a questionnaire. Nutritional status was determined based on height and weight measurements. The hemoglobin concentration was measured using the HemoCue portable hemoglobinometer. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL. The infants' eating habits were assessed based on what they were eating around the time of the questionnaire interviews. The association between anemia and the different variables was evaluated through bivariate analysis, followed by multiple logistic regression using a hierarchical selection model. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia for the entire group was 65.4%. Multiple regression analysis identified the following risk factors for anemia: living in the Southeastern Region of Brazil (odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.25- 1.99), maternal age < 20 years (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.21-2.07), birthweight < 2,500 g (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.48-2.95), not being breast-fed (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02-1.61), receiving both breast milk and other foods (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.10-1.78), and male gender (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06-1.46). CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of anemic children indicates the need to emphasize, in prenatal and infant health programs, intervention measures for anemia control. Our results could guide these measures, focusing on the groups at greatest risk, such as low birthweight babies and the children of adolescent mothers.     

HPV vaccine acceptance among mid-adult women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance in mid-adult women. METHODS: A convenience sample of 472 mid-adult women completed a 2-part, 69-item survey that included demographic, knowledge, and behavioral variables as potential correlates of vaccine acceptance. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify correlates for vaccine acceptance. RESULTS: Mid-adult women who received the HPV vaccine were more likely to be younger than 55 years (P < .001); have had an abnormal Papanicolaou test (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.18-3.92); understand that HPV causes cervical cancer (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.08-5.30); feel at risk for HPV infection (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.00-4.57), and feel it is important for their partner (OR, 25.20; 95% CI, 9.66-65.72) and children (OR, 3.54; CI, 0.51-24.56) to get the HPV vaccine. Monogamous mid-adult women (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.00); women who did not want any vaccines (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.92); and women who felt it was too late to get the vaccine (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.08-0.44) were less likely to want the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: These clinical predictors of HPV vaccine acceptance will help clinicians recognize mid-adult women who may be more receptive to vaccination.     

Influence of Behavioral and Environmental Factors on the Development of Obesity in Three-year-old Children —A Case-Control Study Based on Toyama Study—

Obesity in children seems to be a risk factor for chronic diseases in adulthood. From the viewpoint of preventive medicine, factors influencing the development of obese children should be removed early in life. The purpose of this study was to the elucidate relationship between obesity in 3-year-old children and both behavioral and environmental factors by conducting a case-control study. Subjects were selected from the Toyama study. Matched-pair comparisons were performed between obese children whose Kaup’s index was 18 or more (N=117) and control children (N=234) . Multivariate stepwised logistic regression analysis also applied to assess influence of confounding factors. The results indicated that the following 6 factors significantly influenced the development of obese 3-year-old children in exact Fisher’s method analysis (p<0.05): person other than the mother responsible for taking care of the child, short sleep duration (9 hours or less), physical inactivity, eating snacks irregularly, overweight father (BMI≥24), and overweight mother (BMI≥24). For both sexes, after adjusting for confounders by multivariate stepwise logistic analysis, overweight mother (OR 2.54, 95 % CI 1.64-3.95), birth overweight (birth weight≥3,500g; OR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.15-2.69), the mother not responsible for taking care of the child (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), overweight father (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.09-2.40), eating snacks irregularly (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.33), and gender (female;OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.77) had significant relationships with obesity in childhood. For boys, overweight mother (OR 2.53, 95 % CI 1.47-4.35), birth overweight (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.22-3.39), eating snacks irregularly (OR 1.94, 95 %CI 1.19-3.18), and birth month (36-41 months; OR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.23-0.96) had significant relationships. For girls, overweight mother (OR 2.62, 1.28-5.35), and short sleep duration (OR 2.24, 1.11-4.52) had significant relationships. In neither Fisher’s exact method nor multivariate logistic models, time to wake up, bedtime, duration of playing outdoors, regularity of meals, care about salty food, or frequency of eating snacks had significant relations with obesity in 3-year-old children (p<0.05).     

某高校大学生自杀风险的影响因素及教育策略研究

目的 了解徐州市大学生自杀风险并探究其影响因素,为青少年自杀问题的教育策略提供参考依据。方法 基于中文版死亡态度量表(修订版)(DAP-R),采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,通过电子问卷调查902名大学生以了解其自杀风险,并通过Logistic回归分析自杀风险的影响因素。结果 独生子女(OR=0.698,95%CI:0.505～0.966)、有亲人离世经历 (OR=0.562,95%CI:0.404～0.782)、内在心理控制源 (与低分组比,高分组OR=0.283,95%CI:0.169～0.476)是大学生自杀风险的保护因素,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有宗教信仰 (OR=1.713,95%CI:1.118～2.623)、身体状况不佳 (OR=1.925,95%CI:1.199～3.090)、外在心理控制源(与低分组比,高分组OR=2.028,95%CI:1.228～3.348) 和死亡恐惧(与低分组比,高分组OR=3.356,95%CI:1.815～6.204)是大学生自杀风险的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 大学生自杀防控工作需要重点针对有宗教信仰、身体不佳等高危人群,引导大学生充分感受生活意义,同时需要关注死亡恐惧可能是某些青少年自杀的驱动力而非保护因素。     

Metabolic syndrome and health-related quality of life among U.S. adults

PURPOSE: Little is known about the association between health-related quality of life and the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life in adults with and without the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1859 men and women aged > or =20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HRQOL-4 tool. RESULTS: A larger percentage of participants with the metabolic syndrome had fair or poor health (difference = 11.3%, p = 0.002), > or =14 physically unhealthy days (difference = 5.0%) (p = 0.129), > or =14 mentally unhealthy days (difference = 7.4%) (p = 0.010), and > or =14 activity-limitation days (difference = 5.8%) (p = 0.024) during the past 30 days than participants without the metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, educational status, and smoking status, participants with the metabolic syndrome were more likely to have fair or poor health (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.13), > or =14 mentally unhealthy days (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.28-3.02), and > or =14 activity limitation days (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.46-7.02) than those without the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: U.S. adults with the metabolic syndrome experience worse health-related quality of life than adults without this syndrome.     

Investigation of quality of the parental relationship as a risk factor for subclinical bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: Previous literature suggests a link between the quality of the parental relationship and disordered eating in offspring. We investigated the relationship between offspring pyschopathology and the parental relationship using a population-based twin registry that contained 766 complete twin pairs. METHOD: We used reports of twin lifetime psychopathology from the twins and quality of parental relationship and parental lifetime psychopathology from both parents. RESULTS: Poorer quality of the marital relationship predicted the presence of subclinical bulimia nervosa (SBN) using both mother's (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.97) and father's (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.97) reports. It also predicted the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and alcohol dependence. SBN was still strongly predicted by the marital relationship when parental psychopathology was included as a covariate. DISCUSSION: These results are supportive of the notion that a conflictual and distant marital relationship can, at least partially, act as an environmental risk factor for SBN.