重组人生长激素影响去势大鼠下颌骨骨量变化的研究

目的:观察重组人生长激素(Recombinant human growth hormone,rh-GH)对双侧卵巢切除(去势)(Ovariectomy,OVX)大鼠下颌骨骨量变化的影响.方法:将40只雌性大鼠随机分为4组,以rh-GH及OVX作为两处理因素,各自设有施加和不施加两种水平,不施加组以生理盐水及假去势分别进行对照;于第8周和第12周用骨密度仪测定每只大鼠的下颌骨骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD).结果:通过方差分析,OVX对大鼠下颌骨骨密度的变化有影响,8周和12周均比对照组显著减低(P＜0.05),rh-GH对下颌骨骨密度也有影响,8周和12周均比对照组显著增高(P＜0.05),然而,两处理因素同时存在,与对照组比较差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:rh-GH能减缓雌激素低下所引起的下颌骨骨量丢失,对于绝经后的老年患者有减少骨质疏松症状发生,减缓颌骨吸收速度的作用.     

重组人生长激素对老年大鼠有无牙颌骨吸收的影响

目的:探讨重组人生长激素(recombinanthumangrowthhormone,rh-GH)对老年性有牙及无牙颌骨吸收的影响。方法:建立去势大鼠老年骨质疏松模型,拔除大鼠一侧下颌磨牙,次日给予rh-GH1mg·kg-1·d-1皮下注射,连续用药10d;术后8周、12周测量大鼠体重变化,并测定大鼠下颌骨的骨密度、骨矿含量、肌组织量、脂肪组织量;测量指标的组间比较,采用方差分析进行统计学处理。结果:rh-GH治疗组去势大鼠的体重增加,有牙及无牙颌骨密度与治疗前比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:重组人生长激素能够增加老年大鼠体重,减缓老年大鼠有牙及无牙颌骨的吸收。     

重组人生长激素对去势大鼠正畸牙牙周组织改建的影响

目的:探讨重组人生长激素(recombinanthumangrowthhormone,rh-GH)对去势(ovariectomy,OVX)大鼠正畸牙移动后牙周组织细胞变化的影响。方法:30只7周龄SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:对照组、去势盐水组(OVX-NS组)和去势生长激素组(OVX-GH组)。将去势摘除双侧卵巢和腹部皮下注射rh-GH作为不同处理因素,观察第15天和第30天时3组大鼠正畸牙移动引起牙槽骨受压侧破骨细胞数的变化,并进行组织学观察。用SPSS12.0软件包对数据进行完全随机设计资料的方差分析。结果:对3组大鼠不同时间正畸牙牙槽骨受压侧破骨细胞计数进行比较,发现同一时间3组数据的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OVX-NS组比OVX-GH组显著增多(P<0.05),对照组最少;同组相比,第15天处死的大鼠与第30天处死的大鼠其破骨细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05);牙周组织学观察见,OVX-GH组牙周膜的损伤和创伤性炎症较OVX-NS组明显减轻。结论:去势(成年)大鼠腹部皮下注射rh-GH,能够减少其正畸牙移动引起的受压侧破骨细胞数目,同时可促进牙周组织因正畸力所致的病理性变化的恢复,对成年正畸治疗有良好的协同作用。     

重组人生长激素对体外培养成骨细胞的影响

目的:观察重组人生长激素对体外成骨细胞直接、短期的影响。方法:将不同浓度的重组人生长激素(recombinanthumangrowthhormone,RHGH)加入大鼠成骨细胞培养体系,观察不同作用时间点对大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性及细胞周期的影响。结果:RHGH对成骨细胞增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性均有影响,它可促进成骨细胞增殖,提高其碱性磷酸酶活性,且可促使细胞周期中S期、G2/M期细胞百分比增加,其作用强度随浓度增加有增强趋势。结论:RHGH对成骨细胞的合成代谢有直接影响,对成骨细胞的增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性影响远强于雌激素。     

甲状旁腺激素与雌激素对去势雌性大鼠牙槽骨代谢的影响

目的 观察甲状旁腺激素与雌激素单独和联合应用对去势雌性大鼠牙槽骨代谢的影响。方法选用4月龄雌性Wistar大鼠66只,分成两组,分别为伪手术组（n=18）和去势组（n=48）。8周后各处死8只证实骨质疏松造模成功。剩余的伪手术组（A组,n=10）Wistar大鼠作为对照;将剩余的去势组Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,分别为去势组（B组）、去势加雌激素组（C组）、去势加甲状旁腺激素组（D组）、去势加雌激素和甲状旁腺激素组（E组）,每组10只。A组和B组注射生理盐水（1 mL·kg-1）;C组注射苯甲酸雌二醇（10 μg·kg-1）; D组注射甲状旁腺激素（20 μg·kg-1）;E组注射苯甲酸雌二醇（10 μg·kg-1）和甲状旁腺激素（20 μg·kg-1）。隔日腹腔注射1次,用药8周。治疗后处死大鼠并测定牙槽骨骨密度,观察每组大鼠骨组织形态计量学参数及血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平。结果去势手术8周后,去势组大鼠牙槽骨密度明显低于伪手术组（P<0.05）。用药8周后,C、D、E组骨密度、骨小梁面积百分比（%Tb.Ar）、骨小梁宽度（Tb.Th）和骨小梁数量（Tb.N）较B组均有明显提高,其中E组提高最明显（P<0.05）。各组血清钙磷值无明显改变（P>0.05）,B组ALP值较A组明显升高（P<0.05）。结论间歇性、小剂量注射甲状旁腺激素能增加去势大鼠牙槽骨的骨密度和改善骨结构,与雌激素联合使用对骨质疏松的治疗有协同作用。     

雌激素和应力环境改变对骨质疏松大鼠下颌骨骨小梁结构的影响

目的: 探讨骨质疏松状态下由于牙齿缺失后应力环境的改变,导致下颌骨骨小梁结构的变化及补充雌激素对其变化的影响。方法: 用去势法建立骨质疏松的大鼠动物模型,8周后拔除大鼠单侧所有上颌磨牙,模拟下颌骨高低应力环境的变化,用骨组织形态计量学的方法观察骨质疏松组、雌激素治疗组和假手术对照组双侧下颌骨骨小梁的变化。结果: 骨质疏松组低应力侧比高应力侧的Tb.Ar、Tb.Wi明显降低(P<0.01),Tb.Sp明显增大(P<0.05);正常组和雌激素组无明显差异;雌激素组高应力侧、低应力侧的Tb.Ar与骨质疏松组同期相比增大(P<0.05)。结论: 高应力可减缓骨质疏松所引起的下颌骨骨小梁的吸收,低应力则可加速骨吸收;雌激素的补充治疗阻止了去势后大鼠下颌骨骨质的吸收,并抑制低应力环境下颌骨的进一步丢失,促进了骨形成。     

雌激素缺乏对大鼠实验性牙周炎骨吸收的影响

目的评价雌激素缺乏及雌激素替代治疗(ERT),对大鼠实验性牙周炎牙槽骨吸收的影响。方法选取Wistar雌性大鼠24只,随机分成三组,Ⅰ组假手术组(n=8)、Ⅱ组卵巢摘除(OVX)组(n=8),Ⅲ组OVX 雌激素给药组(n=8)。21天后,将大鼠一侧上颌第一磨牙的牙周结扎,60天后,处死动物,取材,测得双侧磨牙的骨吸收量。结果结扎侧Ⅱ组的骨吸收量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组,有统计学意义,P<0.05;Ⅰ、Ⅲ组相比无统计学差别,P>0.05。结论ERT可能有效地防止雌激素缺乏状态下的牙槽骨吸收,但对于伴有菌斑刺激引起的牙周炎,ERT尚不能有效地阻止牙槽骨的吸收。     

雌激素对骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨改建及IL-1表达的影响

目的：探讨雌激素对骨质松牙槽骨改建中ＩＬ－１的表达与分布的影响及意义。方法：在建立ＳＤ大鼠骨质疏松模型的基础上,用免疫组化染色方法,观察ＩＬ－１在骨质疏松以及雌激素治疗后的牙槽骨中的表达变化。结果：ＩＬ－１在骨质疏松牙槽骨中有较强的表达,阳性反应主要分布于破骨细胞,部分成骨细胞及骨细胞中,而在用雌激素治疗骨质疏松组中,ＩＬ－１的阳性表达程度明显下降。     

一氟磷酸谷酰胺及αD3对去势大鼠下颌骨骨密度的影响

目的探讨一氟磷酸谷酰胺及αD3对去势大鼠下颌骨骨密度的影响。方法将3月龄SD雌性大鼠39只随机分成4组：假手术组（SHAM组），去卵巢不处理组（OVX组），去卵巢单用一氟磷酸谷酰胺组（MFP组），去卵巢一氟磷酸谷酰胺与αD3联合用药组（MFP+αD3组）。在大鼠去势后6周，MFP组将一氟磷酸谷酰胺溶于蒸馏水后灌胃，MFP+αD3组将一氟磷酸谷酰胺和αD3溶于蒸馏水后灌胃。每天1次，每周6次，连续12周。采用HPIAS10000型图像分析系统进行下颌骨组织形态测量，采用双能X线测量股骨和下颌骨的骨密度。结果OVX组与SHAM组、MFP组、MFP+αD3组相比，下颌骨骨小梁面积、骨小梁宽度和松质骨面积明显减少，骨小梁间隔增大，股骨骨密度减小，而SHAM组、MFP组、MFP+αD3组三者之间无明显差异；OVX组、MFP+αD3组的下颌骨骨密度较SHAM组升高, 差异有显著性, 而MFP组与SHAM组间无显著性差异。结论一氟磷酸谷酰胺及αD3能促进去势大鼠下颌骨骨量的增加，下颌骨骨密度的改变与四肢骨不一致。     

雌激素对骨质疏松熏烟大鼠种植体周围骨的影响

目的:评价雌激素对骨质疏松熏烟大鼠种植体周围骨的影响.方法:40只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机均分为4组:假手术组(sham)、卵巢去势组(OVX)、卵巢去势+吸烟组(OVX+S)、卵巢去势+吸烟+雌激素组(OVX+S+E),分别进行假手术和卵巢去势术,术后OVX+S和OVX+S+E组持续熏烟24周.去势术后12周,在大鼠右...     

染料木素对去卵巢大鼠颌骨代谢的改善作用

目的 探讨染料木素对去势大鼠颌骨代谢及雌性生殖系统的作用。方法 切除成年雌性大鼠双侧卵巢，造成绝经后骨质疏松的动物模型。双能X线法检测颌骨、股骨骨密度，生化法检测血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase，ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase，ACP)，放射免疫法检测骨代谢因子IL-1β、IL-6、转化生长因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α)、降钙素和骨钙素，探讨染料木素对去势大鼠颌骨代谢的作用；通过血清雌二醇含量和子宫重量的变化监测染料木素的雌激素样副作用。结果 去势大鼠骨密度显著减少；血清ALP、ACP和IL-1β、骨钙素显著高于非去势组。口服染料木素后，大鼠骨密度显著增加；血清ALP、ACP、骨钙素显著增高，其中ALP和骨钙素的增加显著优于雌激素组，IL-1β和TNF-α显著降低；大鼠子宫重量系数显著低于雌激素组。结论 染料木素能够通过抑制骨吸收和促进骨形成有效改善去势大鼠颌骨代谢，副作用弱于雌激素。染料木素在防治颌骨乃至全身骨质疏松方面具有开发前景。     

Prevention of trabecular bone loss in the mandible of ovariectomized rats

The effect of therapeutic agents on trabecular bone loss in the mandible was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Eighty-seven Wistar SPF female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or given a sham operation (Sham), and maintained on a diet containing 0.1% calcium. Four weeks later, groups of OVX rats were treated with estriol (E3), calcitonin (CT), etidronate, or 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132). The Basal group was maintained on a diet containing 1.0% calcium, and the OVX and sham groups on a diet containing 0.1% calcium. The trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) in 11 mandibular slices from 0.5 mm at the mesial margin of the first molar to 0.5 mm at the distal margin of the third molar, were measured using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). The BMD in the OVX group was lower than that in the Sham group, and decreased BMC was observed only in the molar region. BMD and BMC were increased in the etidronate-treated group, but only BMC was increased in the CT group. E3 treatment increased BMD and BMC; significant increases were also observed beneath the molar. Ge-132 treatment increased both BMD and BMC, especially the latter.     

应力环境影响双侧卵巢切除大鼠下颌骨骨量变化的研究

目的 观察双侧卵巢切除（去势）（ｏｖａｒｉｅｃｔｏｍｙ,ＯＶＸ）大鼠下颌骨应力环境改变与下颌骨骨关系。方法 拔除大鼠右侧上颌全部磨牙,使咀嚼侧（左）、非咀嚼侧（右）下颌骨分别处于相对的高低应力环境中;利用去势手术（ＯＶＸ）模仿绝经后骨质疏松症（ｐｏｓｔｍｅｎｏｐａｕｓａｌ ｏｓｔｅｏｐｏｒｏｓｉｓ）。依次将４８只雌性大鼠分为４组：①ＯＶＸ＋拔牙组,②ＯＶＸ＋非拔牙组,③Ｓｈａｍ－ＯＶＸ（假去势）＋     

The effects of retinoic acid on the growth of mandible and long bone in fetal rats

Timed-pregnant rats were injected with a total of 90 μg of retinoic acid from day 13 until delivery. Other pregnant groups were given either a total of 390 μg of retinol from day 5 or a total of 270 μg of retinol from day 13 until delivery. Although the weight gains and food intake of the dams during gestation showed no difference between groups, the long bones were slightly heavier in pups born from retinoic acid-injected dams. Total collagen content in both mandibles and long bones did not show differences between retinoic acid-and retinol-injected groups, but collagen synthesis in both bones was greatly increased in the retinoic acid-injected groups. Calcium content of the mandible in the retinol-injected group from day 13 of gestation was increased, whereas ⁴⁵Ca uptake of long bone of this group was increased. Retinoic acid, when injected in physiological doses during gestation, may have some effects on the organic phase of bone, long bones being slightly more sensitive to retinoic acid than the mandibles.     

应力环境影响去势大鼠下颌骨骨小梁结构变化的研究

目的 观察正常和去势大鼠下颌骨应力环境改变与下颌骨骨小梁结构的关系。方法 拔除大鼠右侧上颌全部磨牙使左右侧下颌骨分别处于高低应力环境中,对双侧下颌骨的组织切片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果 去势后雌激素低下可引起下颌骨骨小梁结构的吸收破坏;单侧咀嚼引起的应力环境变化对正常大鼠下颌骨骨小梁结构无显著影响;高应力环境可减缓雌激素低下所引起的下颌骨骨小梁的快速吸收,而低应力环境则加速其骨吸收过程。结论 咀嚼功能对于保持下颌骨骨小梁结构有重要的作用,对于有全身系统性骨丢失背景的患者应尽早恢复其咀嚼功能。     

雌激素对去势大鼠颌骨和股骨结构影响的实验研究

目的 :观察雌激素对实验性骨质疏松大鼠颌骨和股骨结构影响的相互关系。方法 :切除SD雌性大鼠双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松动物模型 ,给予腹腔注射雌二醇 ,治疗 6周后处死大鼠 ,取颌骨和股骨标本 ,对组织切片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果 :去势后的大鼠颌骨、股骨骨小梁呈疏松化改变 ,股骨骨量减少明显多于颌骨 ;雌二醇治疗后可明显抑制颌骨、股骨骨质的吸收 ,颌骨骨量变化更为明显。结论 :雌激素治疗对于骨质疏松的颌骨、股骨骨小梁结构的影响是有差异的 ,治疗效果颌骨优于股骨 ,可能与扁骨、长骨本身结构和功能不同有关     

Effects of simvastatin on bone regeneration in the mandibles of ovariectomized rats and on blood cholesterol levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on guided bone regeneration in the mandibles of ovariectomized rats, and to observe their blood cholesterol levels. Seventy female rats were divided into two groups: control and treated, both groups containing normal and ovariectomized rats. A month after ovariectomy a bone defect was created in the mandible, and was covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The treated groups received simvastatin orally for 15 or 30 days. The rats were sacrificed 15, 30 or 60 days after surgery, at which time a blood sample was extracted for blood cholesterol level analysis and the mandible was extracted for densitometric, histological and morphometric analysis. All specimens underwent analysis of variance. The ovariectomized animals had higher cholesterol levels than the treated normal animals, and no significant difference was found between the different treatment periods and the sacrifice times. The densitometric, histological and morphometric analysis showed that the treated ovariectomized animals developed more new bone than the control ovariectomized rats, but no significant difference was observed between the treatment periods. It can be concluded that the deficiency of estrogen increased the level of blood cholesterol and that the simvastatin aided new bone formation in the ovariectomized animals.     

Bone mineral density and bone strength from the mandible of chronically protein restricted rats

The present investigation was performed to assess the biomechanical repercussion of protein malnutrition imposed on rats between the 26th and 135th days of postnatal life on the mandible, which is not a weight-bearing bone but supports the loads related to the masticatory activity. Female Wistar rats aged 26 d (n = 14) were placed on either a 4%-protein diet (ICN 960254, P4 group) or a 20%-protein diet (ICN 960260, P20 group) and killed 111 d later. Both body weight and length were recorded regularly. The mandibles were dissected and cleaned of adhering soft tissue. Mandibular growth was estimated directly by taking measurements between anatomical points. Areal Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was estimated using a bone densitometer (LUNAR DPX-L). Mechanical properties of the right hemimandible were determined using a three-point bending mechanical test to obtain the load/deformation curve and estimate the structural properties of the bone. Results were summarized as means +/- SD. Comparisons between parameters were performed by Student's t test. A 75% reduction in body weight and a 32% reduction in body length were observed in P4 rats. Like body size, mandibular weight, length, height and area (index of mandibular size) were negatively affected by P4 diet, as was the posterior part of the bone (posterior to molar III). The anterior part (alveolar and incisor alveolar process) was not affected by age or diet. The "load capacity" extrinsic properties of the mandible (load fracture, stiffness, yielding point) were between 43% and 64% of control value in protein restricted rats. BMD was similar in both groups of animals. Conclusion: 1) Chronic protein malnutrition imposed on rats from infancy to early adulthood reduces the growth of the posterior part of the mandible without inducing changes in the anterior part, which produces some deformation of the bone in relation to age-matched rats; and 2) the significant reduction of strength and stiffness of the mandible seem to be the result of an induced loss of gain in bone structural properties as a consequence of a correlative loss of gain in both growth and mass, yet not in bone material properties.     

尼古丁对大鼠不同部位骨钙磷含量和碱性磷酸酶活性的差异影响

目的 分析尼古丁对大鼠牙槽骨和颌骨内钙磷含量以及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性的影响。方法 将20只5周龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组每天腹腔注射尼古丁0.73 mg•kg-1,对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,3个月后处死取材。浓酸消化法检测牙槽骨和颌骨内钙磷含量,改良Reddi法检测牙槽骨和颌骨内ALP活性。采用SPSS 16.0统计软件分别行独立样本的t检验。结果 与对照组相比较,实验组牙槽骨内和颌骨内钙磷含量均明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;ALP活性无明显变化（P>0.05）。实验组中牙槽骨与颌骨比较,骨钙磷含量和ALP活性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 尼古丁下调大鼠牙槽骨和颌骨内钙磷含量,对ALP活性的影响不明显。