暴露工业噪声工龄对男性高血压发生率的影响

目的 探讨职业噪声暴露时间与高血压的关系.方法 以某机械加工企业体检人员为研究对象,排除心脑血管、肝肾等重大疾病史,排除高血压家族史.对工作现场进行噪声测定,对办公室人员及噪声从业人员进行体检.结果 10年内工龄办公室人员与同工龄噪声接触人员高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同工龄的噪声接触人员之间高血压发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 高血压是一种遗传基础上的多因素疾病,噪声作为外界因素可能会导致提前发病,但随着长时间接触噪声,噪声不再成为影响高血压的主要因素.     

温州女性盆底功能障碍性疾病流行病学研究

目的：调查温州地区女性盆底功能障碍性疾病（PFD）的患病率,分析患病的影响因素,了解农村和城市妇女PFD患病率的差异。方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法,对温州地区成年有性生活史的女性986例进行问卷调查和妇科检查,分别采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析对PFD的相关因素进行分析,筛选出疾病发生的高危因素。结果：调查对象中盆腔器官脱垂的患病率为17.0%,压力性尿失禁的患病率为24.7%,大便失禁的患病率为0.7%。影响盆腔器官脱垂患病的相关因素中阴道分娩、年龄＞40岁和2型糖尿病这3个变量进入回归方程;影响压力性尿失禁患病的相关因素中慢性咳嗽、高血压、阴道分娩、文化程度初中及以下、年龄＞40岁和体质量指数≥25 kg/m2这6个变量进入回归方程。结论：PFD的患病率随着年龄的增加而升高。阴道分娩、年龄＞40岁、糖尿病、慢性咳嗽、高血压、文化程度初中及以下、体质量指数≥25 kg/m2为PFD的独立危险因素。在被调查女性中PFD患病率高,需加强对该病相关知识的宣传普及,预防该病的发生,改善患者生活质量。     

荔波县布依族中老年人群高血压流行状况及影响因素分析

目的:了解荔波布依族中老年人群的高血压患病情况，分析影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样方法对荔波县瑶山布依族中老年人进行现场调查和体格测量。结果:布依族中老年人群高血压患病率较高，而知晓率、治疗率和控制率均低于全国水平，年龄、BMI、吸烟行为是影响布依族中老年人群高血压患病的主要因素(P<0.05),对高血压知识的知晓率仅为5.42%。结论:荔波布依族中老年人群高血压病呈现患病率高，知晓率、治疗率和控制率低的特点，高血压防治知识的知晓情况很不乐观，应结合少数民族传统文化，开展一些利于少数民族群众接受和通俗易懂的健康保健知识，从而改变不良的生活方式，提高整体生活质量和生存质量。     

农牧民高血压发生状况及影响因素调查

目的探讨乌鲁木齐县农牧民高血压患病现状及影响因素,为进一步开展农村社区慢性病健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用自编问卷和现场体格检查方法,对乌鲁木齐县部分村35岁以上的常住村民进行高血压患病现况及患病危险因素调查。结果在361例农牧民中,高血压总患病率为33.2%,汉族的标化患病率为39%,哈族的标化患病率为44%,回族的标化患病率为29%,不同民族之间患病率的差异有显著性,随着体质指数的增加高血压的患病率增加,在高血压患者中向心性肥胖的比例较高。结论乌鲁木齐县高血压患病率较高,不同民族、性别及年龄组的高血压患病率均高于全国平均水平。     

某校大学生高血压患病情况及其与性别、体质量指数相关性分析

目的了解大学生高血压患病情况及其与体质量指数、性别的关系。方法对3 269名新生进行血压、身高、体质量检查,并对血压与性别、体质量指数(BMI)进行统计分析。结果大学生高血压患病率为2.60%,男生患病率为3.69%,女生患病率为0.75%,男生明显高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P0.005)。随着BMI增加,高血压患病率也增加,两者呈正相关。结论大学生高血压患病率与肥胖密切相关,高校应针对大学生高血压的影响因素开展健康教育。     

兴国县农村居民高血压的患病现状及影响因素研究

目的了解江西省兴国县农村居民高血压的流行现状,分析其可能的影响因素,为更好地开展国家科技惠民项目及在基层有效实施高血压防治一体化,为提高当地居民的健康水平提供数据参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取兴国县农村居民3163户,对年满18岁（10 848人）的居民进行问卷调查及体格检查;高血压患病影响因素的研究采用多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果调查人群中高血压患病率为25.19%（年龄标化患病率为19.79%）,且年龄越大患病率越高(χ_趋势²=1732.818,P<0.001)。男性高血压患病率为24.95%,女性高血压患病率为25.48%,二者比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.400,P=0.527）。Losgistic回归分析显示:增龄、超质量或肥胖、高血压家族史及中心性肥胖为兴国县农村居民高血压患病的独立危险因素;经常食用豆类、豆制品和经常参加体育锻炼为保护因素。结论兴国县农村居民的高血压患病率较高,应针对具有以上危险因素的重点人群采取合理有效的防治措施;提倡体育锻炼,控制体质量,定期监测血压,以减少高血压的危害。     

乌鲁木齐县居民高血压状况分析

目的探讨乌鲁木齐县农牧民高血压患病现状及影响因素,为进一步开展新疆农村高血压综合防治及健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用自编问卷和现场体格检查方法,对乌鲁木齐县部分村35岁以上的常住村民361人进行高血压患病现况及患病危险因素调查。结果在361名农牧民中,高血压总患病率为33.2%,汉族的标化患病率为39%,哈萨克族的标化患病率为44%,回族的标化患病率为29%,不同民族高血压患病率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,相同民族不同性别人群的高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随着年龄的增加,高血压的患病率也随之升高。结论乌鲁木齐县高血压患病率较高,不同民族、性别及年龄组的高血压患病率均高于全国平均水平。     

农村中老年人高血压患病率与体质量指数的关系探讨

为探讨农村中老年人高血压患病率与体质量指数 (BMI)的关系 ,对 5 3 4名 5 0～ 69岁健康农村中老年人的血压、身高、体质量进行测量 ,并计算BMI,按不同年龄、性别、BMI进行分组 ,分析高血压患病情况。结果显示男性肥胖组 (BMI≥ 2 5 )的高血压患病率 (5 5 .3 % ) ,明显高于正常组 (BMI 1 8.5～ 2 4.9,3 2 .3 % )及体质量较轻组 (BMI<1 8.5 ,3 1 .4% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;女性肥胖组患病率 (5 6.3 % )明显高于BMI正常组 (3 1 .3 % )及体质量较轻组 (2 5 .8% ,P <0 .0 5 )。提示肥胖是影响高血压患病率的重要因素 ,建议通过控制体质量预防高血压。     

贵州省惠水县某工业园区人群代谢综合征调查分析

目的了解惠水县某工业园区人群代谢综合征的患病现状及分布特点,为企业从业人员心脑血管疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法采取逐级分层随机抽样的横断面调查方法,对惠水县某工业园区10多家企业25~60岁共1978人进行问卷调查、体格检查和生化指标的检测,并对检查数据进行统计学分析。结果共调查该工业园区在职从业人员1978人,查出患代谢综合征141人,患病率为7.11%;高血压280人,患病率为14.90%;高血糖116人,患病率为5.89%;血脂异常231人,患病率为11.67%;超重或肥胖204人,患病率为10.29%。不同工种患病情况分析,机关工作人员在高血压、高血糖、血脂异常及代谢综合征患病率明显高于后勤服务人员及车间工人,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该工业园区代谢综合征及相关疾病已成为威胁从业人员健康的公共卫生问题,应引起高度重视。     

都匀苗族老年人高血压流行病学研究

目的:了解都匀苗族老年人高血压的患病情况及影响因素。方法:对414例60岁以上的都匀苗族老年人,采用自制的高血压流行病学调查表,收集年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟史、饮酒史、食盐量、高血压患病率及治疗情况,并对高血压人群进行身高、体重、臀围及血压测量;分析都匀苗族老年人高血压患病率、治疗率及控制率,并对高血压危险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果:都匀苗族老年人高血压患病率为35.02%,高血压的知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为26.89%、13.79%及0;性别、吸烟、饮酒、摄盐量、BMI是都匀苗族老年人高血压患病的主要危险因素。结论:都匀苗族老年人群高血压发病率较高。     

高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病情况及相关因素分析

目的 探讨高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病情况及相关因素.方法 选取某钢铁企业工人1 263名,其中接触高温、噪声作业者583名为A组,仅接触噪声作业者267名为B组,仅接触高温作业者249名为C组,未接触高温、噪声作业者164名为D组,分析高血压患病情况和相关因素.结果 高血压患病率分析,D组(12.8％)＜C组(25.7％)＜B组(34.5％)＜A组(43.9％).血压(收缩压/舒张压)分析,D组[(115.8±11.5)/(73.6±5.4)mm Hg]＜C组[(124.1±10.7)/(81.9±7.3)mm Hg]＜B组[(132.9±11.3)/(86.7士5.2)mm Hg]＜A组[(143.7±12.8)/(92.4±6.5) mm Hg].A组高血压发病年龄较B组、C组、D组更早(P＜0.05).文化程度越低及工龄、BMI、吸烟量、饮酒量越大,高血压患病率越高.高血压与文化程度呈明显负相关性,与年龄、工龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒呈明显正相关性(P＜0.05).结论 高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病与个人体质、生活习惯有关.     

Associations of blood pressure and arterial compliance with occupational noise exposure in female workers of textile mill

Background There are few studies on the arterial compliance of noise exposure. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between hearing loss, blood pressure and arterial compliance of female workers who exposed to occupational noise in a textile mill.Methods The noise levels in the workplace were measured with a HS6288 sound level meter. Cumulated noise exposure (CNE) was calculated according to the noise intensity and the exposure period. Hearing ability and arterial compliance were measured in 618 noise exposed workers. The database was set up with EpiData and the statistical analysis was performed with SAS software 9.1.3. Results The noise levels were 80.1dB(A) to 113.5dB(A), of which the levels at 92.5% of the noise monitoring sites were over the national standard. The incidence of high frequency hearing loss (HFHL) was 24.43% and language frequency hearing impairment (LFHI) was 0.81%. The incidence of hypertension was 7.93%. Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the high frequency hearing loss group were significantly higher than those in the normal hearing group (P&lt;0.05), while C(1) (large artery compliance) and C(2) (small artery compliance) were significantly lower (P&lt;0.05). The high frequency hearing threshold (HFHT) of the hypertension group was significantly higher than in the normal blood pressure group (P&lt;0.05), while C(1) and C(2) were significantly lower (P&lt;0.05). C(1) and C(2) had a negative correlation with HFHT, SBP, DBP, mean of arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) and pulse rate (PR) (P&lt;0.05). The multiple regression analyses showed that blood pressure and PR were the main influencing factors on C(1) and C(2). LFHT was an influence on C(2) and HFHT on C(1).Conclusions Textile mill noise pollution is very serious and has an obvious influence on worker’s auditory function. The female workers with low artery compliance or with high blood pressure might be suffering from hearing loss; those with noise induced hearing loss might be suffering from hypertension if she is constantly exposed to loud industrial noise.     

枣庄地区高血压患病率及影响因素

目的研究枣庄人群中高血压患病率及影响因素。方法2012年3-5月邀请枣庄市某工厂1643名20-83岁的在职及退休工人参加本研究,其中1443名（87.8%）参加了本研究。最终分析纳入了1420名受试者。采用标准化问卷收集病史、药物服用史、吸烟、饮酒等相关信息,并进行测量血压、身高、体重、腰围等全面体格检查。同时,空腹静脉采血,检测血糖、血脂和肝肾功能,探讨高血压患病率及影响因素。结果枣庄地区20岁以上人群中高血压患病率为34.3%,高血压的知晓率为59.8%,治疗率为43.9%,治疗控制率为16.9%。Logistic多元回归分析显示,年龄、性别、血尿酸、甘油三酯、体重指数（body mass index,BMI）是枣庄地区高血压患病的主要危险因素。结论枣庄地区高血压患病率高,而知晓率、治疗率、治疗控制率低,需要采取必要的干预措施。     

某县区成年居民高血压患病率及其影响因素调查

目的了解铜陵县（现义安区）成年居民高血压患病情况及其影响因素。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,共问卷调查该区13个乡镇2 091户3 221名成年居民,了解其一般情况、高血压患病情况及影响因素,并测量血压、身高、体质量、腰围等指标。结果铜陵县成年居民高血压患病率为33.9%,性别间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;不同职业及是否参加锻炼的居民间高血压患病率差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;不同年龄、体质量指数、文化程度、腰围、吸烟、饮酒、口味、每日摄入新鲜蔬菜、每日摄入新鲜水果及腌熏肉类频次者高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。经logistic回归分析发现,较高的受教育程度、口味适中、每日摄入适量的蔬菜及偶尔进食腌熏肉类是高血压的保护因素;而年龄、BMI和戒烟是高血压的危险因素。结论义安区成年居民高血压患病率较高,应加强居民高血压防控知识的宣传,形成良好的行为和饮食习惯,全面防治高血压的发生。     

纺织噪声对女性生殖机能与胚胎发育的影响

Ninety hundred seventy-eight female textile workers exposed to noise (greater than or equal to 85 dB (A)) were recruited as the subjects of observation group, and 402 nonexposed female workers were chosen as the controls (less than 75 dB (A)). According to noise level, the observation group was subdivided into three groups: group 1, 100-104 dB (A), 416 workers; group 2, 95-99 dB, (A), 310 workers; group 3, 85-94 dB (A), 252 workers. Non-conditional logistic regression model was used to exclude the effect of mixed factors, such as age and working life. The result showed that noise-exposure could have some adverse effect on reproductive function of women and embryo growth. The workers exposed to noise had significantly increased incidence rates for irregular menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea, lumbago, hypertension in pregnancy, threatened abortion, spontaneous abortion, premature labour, dystocia and low birth weight of newborns. When the noise intensity heightened, the sorts of abnormal function of reproduction increased and the risk of incidence raised too. These demonstrated a dose-response relationship between the noise intensity and incidence rate. The noise-working life had significant effects on the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy and prematurity. Although the age had some influence, it was not statistically significant. In terms of the maternal function and embryo growth, the factors in order of risk are: noise intensity greater than working life greater than age.     

焦炉作业工人高血压患病率及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨焦化作业工人高血压的患病率及其危险因素,为高血压病的防治提供依据. 方法 选取287名焦炉工人(包括炉顶工、炉侧工和炉底工)和77名对照人员进行血压测量,测定胆固醇、甘油三酯、血糖、身高和体重,并用调查表收集研究对象年龄、吸烟、饮酒、遗传史、职业史和生活习惯等信息. 结果 焦炉作业组的高血压患病率高于对照组(P<0.05),苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]暴露、吸烟、超重、血脂紊乱对高血压患病有显著影响(P<0.05). 结论 B(a)P暴露、吸烟、超重、血脂紊乱为高血压患病的危险因素,炉顶和炉底作业可增加高血压发生的危险性.     

南宁市城区成人脂肪肝检出率及其危险因素分析

目的 调查南宁市不同人群中脂肪肝检出率并分析相关危险因素.方法 采用横断面现况调查方式,调查南宁市城区农民 、城市居民、工厂工人、学校教师和机关干部中脂肪肝患病情况以及基本情况、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血糖、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)等.结果 共调查5 428人,检出脂肪肝801人,脂...     

五金工业噪声性耳聋调查研究

目的:探讨五金工业噪声性耳聋患病率与噪声接触剂量之间的关系。方法:使用听力计测定某镇五金工业噪声作业工人听力,并使用声级计测定作业环境噪声强度,调查作业工龄,用直线回归法分析噪声性耳聋患病率与噪声接触剂量之间的关系。结果:结果表明,所调查五金工业噪声作业工人噪声性耳聋患病率为27.97%,各级噪声性耳聋患病率与噪声接触剂量之间存在着剂量反应关系。结论:长期暴露在工业噪声下可引起作业工人听力损失,经回归分析,要保护95%的作业工人不发生噪声性耳聋,接触噪声总剂量应控制在119dB.年以下。     

顺德市容桂地区中年农业人群高血压危险因素探讨

目的 探讨顺德容桂地区中年农业人群高血压的危险因素。方法 1997—1999年以本地区小王圃等六个村委会35—59岁有农业户口的常住人群共4083人为调查对象，对其询问病史并测定血压、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血糖、血脂。结果 中年农业人群高血压标化患病率为14．8％；血脂异常率为41．3％；超重率为20．8％；饮酒率为36．7％；吸烟率男为58．4％、女为4．7％。影响中年农业人群血压的因素依次为年龄、性别、超重、腰臀比、血脂异常、血糖异常。经多元回归分析，腰臀比和体重指数是高血压的主要危险因素。结论 本地区中年农业人群多项高血压危险因素水平较高，特别要注意腰臀比、体重指数、血脂、血糖的测定，应予重视并进行干预，以期降低高血压的患病率。     

Overweight and obesity in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: To describe anthropometric characteristics of participants and the influence of sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors involved in the prevalence of obesity in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In the year 2004, all Saudi residents in the Eastern province aged 30 years and above, were invited to participate in a community screening campaign for early detection of diabetes and hypertension. Demographic data, medical history, life habits, weight, height, blood pressure, and glucose concentration were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Obesity and overweight were defined by body mass index (BMI) >or=30 kg/m2 and 25-29.9 kg/m2, respectively. Logistic regression was used to predict the association of the significant factors with the prevalence of obesity. RESULTS: Out of 195,874 participants, the overall prevalence of obesity was 43.8%, while 35.1% were overweight. The prevalence of underweight was 1.3%. The peak prevalence of obesity was observed in the age group 50-59 years. Obesity was higher among women than men, higher in housewives, and among the less educated than others (p<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a strong proportional association of BMI with diabetes, hypertension, triglycerides and cholesterol, and an inverse proportional association with physical activity and smoking CONCLUSION: Obesity and overweight constitute an important health problem affecting a high proportion of Saudi population. Addressing associated factors, and enhancing public health education is an important aim to focus on for weight control.