血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的：探索使用血管内支架及血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（Guglielmi detachable coil,GDC)治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的可能性。方法：3例椎动脉颅内段梭形动脉瘤及6例宽颈动脉瘤,首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置,通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,填入GDC。结果：7例动脉瘤致密堵塞,2例大部堵塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论：联合使用支架及微弹簧圈是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤可选择的有效方法之一。     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的介入治疗

介入治疗已成为颅内动脉瘤治疗的重要手段。电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。但宽颈动脉瘤的致密栓塞率低，复发率高，如何提高颅内动脉瘤的致密栓塞是该技术的要点和难点。动脉瘤微导管的双弯塑型、横向成篮、篮外填塞、分部填塞及瘤颈重塑型技术可明显提高动脉瘤的致密栓塞率。常见的并发症有术中出血、血栓栓塞、血管痉挛等，迅速继续填塞动脉瘤是处理术中出血最有效的措施；实施腰蛛网膜下腔持续引流，释放血性脑脊液，辅以抗凝及“3H”治疗是防治脑血管痉挛和血栓栓塞的关键。对于特别宽颈及梭形动脉瘤，无法单纯采用GDC治疗，血管内支架结合GDC是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法。正确的支架选择，防止支架移位，是手术成功的关键，但确切疗效需进一步长期随访。     

GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和技术要点。方法 对31例动脉瘤患者应用微导管技术,通过数字减影全脑血管造影,采用GDC作动脉瘤囊内填塞治疗。结果 31例31枚动脉瘤中28枚瘤腔完全闭塞,3枚95％闭塞。术后30例临床痊愈;1例死亡;病死率3．2％。术中并发动脉瘤再破裂出血1例;术后弹簧圈末端逸出1例。术后随访0．5～3年均无再出血。结论 GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效可靠,早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

血管内支架结合GDC治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的介入护理配合

颅内动脉瘤血管内介入治疗经历了球囊、游离弹簧圈、机械可脱卸弹簧圈(MDS)的发展,特别近10年来电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)的应用,使之成为一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法。但是对于梭形及体／颈大于1／2的宽颈动脉瘤,则无法使弹簧圈稳定在动脉瘤内,容易发生载瘤动脉阻塞。随着安全有效的支架输送系统的研制成功,血管内支架在宽颈动脉瘤的治疗中可作为血管腔内隔绝物,防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉,使弹簧圈在瘤内达到致密填塞,     

支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤急性破裂的可行性和安全性

目的　总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤急性破裂的临床体会 ,对其可行性和安全性进行初步探讨。方法　 5 7例急性破裂宽颈动脉瘤 ,均先植入冠脉支架覆盖动脉瘤颈 ,再将微导管通过支架网孔超选进入动脉瘤腔内填塞GDC。结果　 1例因血管扭曲不能植入支架 ,5 6例成功 ,均达到 90 %以上栓塞 ,载瘤动脉通畅 ,所有患者无神经功能障碍出现。结论　血管内支架植入结合GDC填塞是治疗急性破裂宽颈动脉瘤的安全、可行的方法     

血管内支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 初步总结使用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的体会,探讨其适应证、方法、疗效及并发症。方法 5例颅内梭形动脉瘤及12例宽颈动脉瘤,首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置,通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,继续填塞GDC。结果 13例动脉瘤致密填塞,3例大部分填塞,1例支架未能送入颅内而单用弹簧圈部分栓塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论 联合使用支架及微弹簧圈是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法,远期疗效需进一步随访。     

应用GDC治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

电解可脱卸弹簧圈（guglielmi datachable coil,GDC)治疗颅内动脉瘤在临床治疗中取得了较好的成绩。但GDC治疗宽颈的动脉瘤（瘤颈直径＜4mm者）存在困难。为了解决这一难题，学者们提出各种不同的改进方法。讨论了较成熟的球囊辅助GDC释放技术的优缺点，也对病例数较少的其他方法作了初步分析，以期更好地将这项技术用于临床治疗。     

难治性颅内动脉瘤血管内支架治疗的初步结果

目的　总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法　采用血管内支架结合GDC治疗 5例颅内动脉瘤 ,其中颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例 ,基底动脉宽颈瘤 1例和后交通宽颈动脉瘤复发 2例。 3例支架跨重要侧支血管及穿动脉放置。通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔 ,继续GDC填塞。结果　 4例动脉瘤达到致密填塞 ,1例大部填塞 ,载瘤动脉及侧支血管通畅 ,1例术后出现动眼神经麻痹 ,3个月后恢复。影像学随访 3～ 6个月 ,无支架内狭窄。结论　联合使用支架及GDC是治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤的有效方法 ,临床应用前景广阔。支架覆盖重要动脉开口并不影响血流。     

电解可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤术中出血的原因和防治

目的　分析颅内动脉瘤电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞治疗术中动脉瘤破裂的原因和防治对策。方法　 178例颅内动脉瘤患者采用GDC栓塞治疗。 6例GDC栓塞过程中出血 ,立即中和肝素 ,并继续栓塞止血。 1例为术后CT证实的出血。术后对症治疗。结果　 7例术中破裂者中 5例致密栓塞 ,<90 %栓塞 2例。 4例恢复好 ,1例轻残 ,2例术后 1周死于颅内高压。结论　GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤发生术中出血与术中操作、动脉瘤以及患者血管条件有关 ,继续栓塞可以挽救大部分患者的生命     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点、并发症防治及疗效，评估该技术的安全性及疗效。方法 105例颅内宽颈动脉瘤(前循环78例，后循环27例)，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填塞GDC，术后3、6、12个月随访临床症状，6～12个月脑血管造影随访。结果 104例手术成功，1例失败；80例动脉瘤达到致密填塞，24例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅；1例术中发生脑梗死，1例发生颈动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例术中动脉瘤破裂，1例在GDC填塞过程中支架完全塌陷。98例临床随访3～32个月，均无再出血或血栓栓塞的症状。血管造影随访62例(随访期6～12个月)，60例动脉瘤不再显影，2例明显缩小，1例出现支架近端轻度狭窄。结论 联合使用支架和微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效的方法，支架使宽颈动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能，支架不但可防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉，还可防止弹簧圈压缩，促进瘤内血栓形成，防止动脉瘤复发，长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

电解铂金微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤中并发症原因及防治

目的探讨电解铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤术中并发症及防治。方法对162例患者171枚颅内动脉瘤栓塞中出现9例并发症,其中5例动脉瘤破裂出血,立即中和肝素继续栓塞,2例GDC脱出动脉瘤立即手术取出,动脉瘤夹闭,2例血栓形成,术中溶栓,术后均采用腰穿置管持续引流,解痉及对症处理。结果5例恢复良好,2例永久性轻度功能障碍,2例死亡。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤术中发生并发症与手术操作,动脉瘤患者血管条件有关。     

Endovascular occlusion of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms with stenting (Neuroform) and coiling: mid-term and long-term results

Introduction  Coiling associated with placement of self-expandable intracranial stents has amplified the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms, but the durability of this treatment and the existence of delayed recurrence are not yet well known. The purpose of this report is to present our experience with the Neuroform Stent associated with coiling and to evaluate complications, effectiveness, and long-term results of this technique. Methods  A retrospective study of 42 patients with wide-necked cerebral aneurysms treated with the Neuroform Stent was performed. Mean aneurysm size was 11.3 mm. Mean neck size was 5.33 mm. All patients were treated with coiling and stenting. Clinical and angiographic follow-up was available in 38 patients (90.5%). The overall follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 5 years (mean, 42 months), but most of the patients (92%) had a follow-up period superior to 1 year. Results  Successful deployment of 41 stents (97%) was obtained. Permanent procedural morbidity was observed in only one patient (2.4%). Long-term complete aneurysmal occlusion was obtained in 27 patients (71%). Aneurysmal regrowth was observed in four patients (9.5%) on the first control angiogram. After the first control angiogram, no delayed recanalization or regrowth was observed. During the follow-up period, there were no hemorrhagic events, no delayed thrombosis, and no stent displacement. Conclusion  Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, a small rate of procedural complications, and long-term tolerance of the Neuroform Stent. Despite some evidence of early aneurysmal recurrence, long-term durability of stent-assisted aneurysm occlusion is stable after the first year.     

Endovascular treatment of remnants of intracranial aneurysms following incomplete clipping

We report clinical and angiographic findings in eight patients treated by the endovascular approach for an intracranial aneurysm remnant after incomplete surgical clipping. They were seven women and one man, mean age 38 years (range 14–50 years). In three, the remnant was responsible for a recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage. All were treated by embolisation of the remnant using Guglielmi detachable coils. In two, a nondetachable balloon was inflated in front of the remnant during coil detachment because of a wide neck. Mean clinical and imaging follow-up was 19 months (range 12–24 months). Immediate angiography showed complete occlusion of the remnant and follow-up clinical examination showed good or excellent recovery in all patients. Imaging follow-up confirmed persistent occlusion of the remnant in all cases.     

Treatment of a spontaneous intracranial dissecting aneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization

Arterial dissection is now recognized as an important cause of stroke. Most reported dissections involve the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral arteries. Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial ICA are uncommon. Endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms has become widespread; however, the dissecting aneurysm is still difficult to treat if the parent artery has to be preserved. More recently, stenting has been advocated for use with endosaccular coiling, with the coils held in place by the stent. We herein report a spontaneous intracranial ICA dissecting aneurysm in a 51-year-old woman who was treated using a new technique of combined stent and coils.     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果

目的 总结血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的影像学随访结果,了解支架技术在脑动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法 62例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者接受血管内支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗,并在术后行脑血管造影及临床随访。结果 所有患者均成功植入支架,47例动脉瘤达到致密填塞,15例大部填塞,载瘤动脉通畅。1～6个月造影随访56例动脉瘤内无造影剂显影,4例仍有瘤颈残留,1例复发而再次治疗;12～37个月随访43例中,2例瘤颈残余,1例动脉瘤复发,其余完全闭塞,弹簧圈形态无改变。结论 血管内支架植入后明显改变瘤内血流动力学并促进血栓形成,通过促进瘤颈内膜形成达到影像学治愈。     

Noninvasive follow-up of GDC-treated saccular aneurysms by MR angiography

The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for the assessment of durable occlusion of intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) and to point out the influence of MRA results in re-intervention strategies. Forty-five patients with 54 aneurysms that were previously treated by endovascular occlusion with GDC were selected for this study. All patients underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and MRA examinations on the same day. The time-of-flight MRA studies were performed on a 1-T scanner. The MRA images were first read by radiologists who were not aware of the DSA results. In a second consensus reading by the neuroradiologists who had performed all interventional procedures of this series, the decision was made as to whether re-treatment was necessary. The distribution of aneurysm sizes, configurations and treatment results were sufficient for an unbiased evaluation. The first blinded evaluation revealed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 95% for MRA assessment of aneurysm reperfusion. In the second consensus reading, the sensitivity increased to 92% and the specificity was 98%. The blinded reading indicates that MRA is a useful adjunct to DSA for the assessment of durable results after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. In the consensus reading it became obvious that sensitivity and specificity of MRA can be increased to 92 and 98%, respectively, if the results were evaluated by experienced neuroradiologists, including prior knowledge of all other examinations. We have already increased the follow-up intervals for DSA and use MRA intermittently, based on these results.