下蒂鼻唇沟皮瓣在鼻翼缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨下蒂鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损的治疗效果。方法：用鼻唇沟下蒂皮瓣旋转做成鼻翼外侧面,使用口腔粘膜缝合于皮瓣背侧面做衬里,对鼻翼缺损15例进行手术修复。结果：15例均病例皮瓣存活,鼻翼外形满意,瘢痕不明显。结论：利用逆行鼻唇沟带蒂皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损方法简单,效果满意,值得推广。     

耳郭复合组织瓣和鼻唇沟皮瓣在鼻翼缺损中的应用

目的探讨耳郭复合组织瓣和鼻唇沟皮瓣在鼻翼缺损修复中的应用效果。方法自2014年7月至2018年12月,对16例鼻翼缺损患者采用耳郭复合组织瓣或鼻唇沟皮瓣修复,分析鼻翼缺损情况、修复方法、供受区瘢痕、术后形态等。结果本组16例患者中7例采用耳郭复合组织瓣修复,9例采用鼻唇沟皮瓣修复,术后外观满意,供受区瘢痕均较隐蔽。结论耳郭复合组织瓣及鼻唇沟瓣是修复鼻翼缺损的良好方法,针对鼻翼全层缺损者,可首选耳郭复合组织瓣;针对非全层缺损,尤其是肿物切除术后皮肤软组织缺损者首选鼻唇沟皮瓣。两种方法各有优缺点,需结合患者情况进行选择。     

鼻部皮肤小肿瘤切除后的缺损修复

目的 回顾和总结鼻部小面积皮肤肿瘤切除后,创面的修复原则和术式选择.方法 选择直径≤2.0 cm,鼻下部1/3皮肤良恶性肿瘤切除后致鼻部组织缺损的73例患者.根据缺损部位、范围、类型和患者的要求,应用局部双叶皮瓣修复鼻尖、鼻翼和鼻侧壁皮肤软组织缺损(n=31);鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻翼外侧全层缺损(n=8);鼻唇沟皮下蒂皮瓣修复鼻翼皮肤软组织缺损(n=12);耳郭复合组织瓣游离移植修复鼻翼缘全层缺损(n=22).结果 71例患者手术获得完全成功,对修复术后效果满意.1例鼻唇沟皮瓣远端折叠部分皮肤浅层坏死,换药后愈合,鼻翼、鼻孔轻度变形.1例耳郭复合组织瓣游离移植再造鼻翼术后因感染而失败.结论 应用局部双叶皮瓣、鼻唇沟皮瓣、皮下蒂皮瓣或耳郭复合组织游离移植修复鼻部直径≤2.0 cm的皮肤肿瘤切除后的创面,可获得Ⅰ期修复的满意效果.     

带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复较大面积鼻翼缺损15例

目的介绍带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复较大面积鼻翼缺损的新方法。方法利用眶上动脉和颞浅动脉吻合支的反流血运,形成带蒂的耳廓复合组织瓣,经由皮下隧道转移至鼻翼缺损区,Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损的新方法。本组共15例病人,最大面积3.0cm×3.0cm,最小面积1.0cm×1.5cm。结果本组15例病人应用带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损,效果良好,色泽和形状均满意。结论应用带蒂的耳廓复合组织瓣可作为Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损的首选方法。     

局部带蒂皮瓣在唇部外伤性缺损即刻修复中的应用

目的:介绍局部带蒂皮瓣在唇部外伤性缺损即刻修复中的临床应用。方法:2006年5月～2011年4月,对21例外伤性唇缺损畸形患者,采用局部带蒂皮瓣进行了即刻修复者,进行临床效果观察和总结分析。结果:应用局部带蒂皮瓣,对21例唇部外伤性缺损患者,根据其不同部位和程度,分别采用了鼻唇沟皮瓣、局部推进皮瓣"、Z"形交叉皮瓣或唇红粘膜瓣、舌瓣等邻近带蒂皮瓣进行即刻修复,唇部外形恢复良好,治疗效果满意。结论:对外伤性唇缺损采用局部带蒂皮瓣进行即刻修复,因其血供良好,易取材方便、方法灵活,易于掌握,多数可一次成功,值得临床推广。     

应用各类鼻唇沟皮瓣美容修复眶下部缺损

目的：探讨各类鼻唇沟皮瓣在眶下部缺损修复中应用的美学效果。方法：根据眶下部软组织缺损的部位、范围、程度和与同侧鼻唇沟的解剖关系,按整形外科原则选择适合的鼻唇沟皮瓣进行美容修复,包括：局部带蒂皮瓣修复法及皮下蒂皮瓣修复法。结果：共施行手术12例。创面面积1.0cm×1.0cm～3.5cm×2.0cm。术后12例皮瓣全部成活,外形恢复满意,无下睑外翻,皮瓣质地、色泽均与周围皮肤接近,鼻唇沟瓣供区瘢痕隐蔽。结论：根据眶下部皮肤软组织缺损情况应用合适的鼻唇沟皮瓣进行修复,能达到理想的美学效果。     

鼻唇沟双叶瓣瓦合法修复鼻翼组织缺损

目的:探讨应用鼻唇沟双叶瓣瓦合法修复鼻翼组织缺损的手术方法及疗效。方法:切取鼻翼组织缺损同侧鼻唇沟双叶皮瓣,分别作为外被皮肤和衬里,经瓦合后插入鼻翼缺损侧鼻翼沟进行修复,供区直接拉拢缝合。结果:自2008年5月以来,应用该方法修复先天性鼻翼缺损9例,鼻唇沟双叶瓣完全成活,鼻翼外形良好,供区瘢痕不明显。结论:鼻唇沟双叶瓣距鼻翼缺损部位近,具有血供丰富,皮瓣颜色、质地好,供区可直接拉拢缝合等优点,经瓦合缝合后可较好的恢复鼻翼外形。     

鼻唇沟双叶瓣瓦合法修复鼻翼组织缺损

目的:探讨应用鼻唇沟双叶瓣瓦合法修复鼻翼组织缺损的手术方法及疗效.方法:切取鼻翼组织缺损同侧鼻唇沟双叶皮瓣,分别作为外被皮肤和衬里,经瓦合后插入鼻翼缺损侧鼻翼沟进行修复,供区直接拉拢缝合.结果:自2008年5月以来,应用该方法修复先天性鼻翼缺损9例,鼻唇沟双叶瓣完全成活,鼻翼外形良好,供区瘢痕不明显.结论:鼻唇沟双叶瓣距鼻翼缺损部位近,具有血供丰富,皮瓣颜色、质地好,供区可直接拉拢缝合等优点,经瓦合缝合后可较好的恢复鼻翼外形.     

颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损

目的 探讨应用颢浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损的方法.方法 对16例鼻翼缺损患者,应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复.结果 全部病例移植的带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣完全成活,伤口一期愈合.最长随访4年,最短半年,移植的耳廓复合组织瓣的形态、颜色和质地与正常鼻翼相似,效果满意.结论 应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损,是一种理想的修复方法.     

颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损

目的 探讨应用颢浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损的方法.方法 对16例鼻翼缺损患者,应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复.结果 全部病例移植的带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣完全成活,伤口一期愈合.最长随访4年,最短半年,移植的耳廓复合组织瓣的形态、颜色和质地与正常鼻翼相似,效果满意.结论 应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损,是一种理想的修复方法.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.