猪感染卫氏并殖吸虫的实验研究

用卫氏并殖吸虫的囊蚴,后尾蚴及成虫分别感染八只温州杂交种白猪,以犬为对照。结果:①囊蚴经口感染30—107天后及后尾蚴经臀部注射感染16天后解剖,均在骨骼肌中找到比后尾蚴略大的童虫,大小相似,部分童虫的排泄囊中见黑色折光颗粒,偶见锥刺。②成虫接种在猪腹壁皮下及腹腔,未见成虫移行至胸腔,而且均萎缩或死亡。③接种在胸腔的成虫经45天后,部分进入肺内成双虫囊;少数成虫恢复产卵。实验结果说明温州杂交种白猪应考虑为卫氏并殖吸虫的转续宿主。     

广州北郊南昆山自然保护区卫氏并殖吸虫超高度疫源地首报

目的 调查广州北郊南昆山自然保护区并殖吸虫流行分布状况. 方法 采集调查点山溪中螺蛳2012只,溪蟹63只,收集疫源地野山猫粪便3份,2只人工感染家猫粪便2份.检查并殖吸虫尾蚴、囊蚴和虫卵.解剖人工感染虫卵阳性猫,查找并殖吸虫成虫. 结果 螺蛳体并殖吸虫尾蚴感染率为0.15‰(3/2000).螺种为放逸短沟蜷.蟹体卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率为100%(59/59).感染度:2～516个囊蚴/只蟹,2～10个囊蚴/克蟹.蟹种为平和华溪蟹.2份野山猫粪便检出并殖吸虫卵,感染率为66.66%(2/3).解削两只人工感染阳性猫检获卫氏并殖吸虫成虫11条. 结论 首次发现广州北郊南昆山自然保护区存在严重卫氏并殖吸虫流行,为超高度疫源地(I级).鉴于卫氏并殖吸虫是我国主要致病并殖吸虫,该疫源地属国家级自然保护区,也是4A旅游区及著名的避暑胜地,游人如误饮用生山泉水,具有感染卫氏并殖吸虫的潜在危害,必须引起高度重视.     

淡水蟹体内并殖吸虫囊蚴的调查及囊蚴、后尾蚴和成虫形态观察

从1982年以来,我们调查了浙江宁海、乐清、遂昌和临安的淡水蟹体内并殖吸虫囊蚴的感染情况并对分离所得的两种并殖吸虫(卫氏和三平正)的囊蚴、脱囊后的后尾蚴和感染动物后所得的成虫进行了测量及形态观察,现报告如下。材料与方法(一)淡水蟹体内并殖吸虫囊蚴的感染率与感染度的调查     

大蒜对离体卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴杀灭作用的研究

目的研究大蒜对离体卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴的杀灭作用,为预防卫氏并殖吸虫病提供科学依据和建议。方法采用人工消化法从平和华溪蟹中获取卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴,设30个时间段,每个时间段做3组平行实验,共90组,每组10个囊蚴,将囊蚴置于定量大蒜原汁中,在22～23℃下,分别作用不同时间,显微镜下观察囊蚴的活动情况。结果大蒜原汁对卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴作用1～8min,囊蚴内后尾蚴活动增强;作用9～20min,后尾蚴活动力降低。作用25min,囊蚴开始死亡,死亡率为6.67%;作用30～100min,120～140min,囊蚴死亡率分别为41.33%和91.67%;作用180～210min,囊蚴全部死亡,死亡率达100%。对照组囊蚴形态正常,至120min后囊蚴活动力有所降低,但无死亡。结论大蒜原汁对卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴具有刺激和轻度杀灭作用,但短时间内(20min内)没有杀灭作用。     

广东地区卫氏并殖吸虫后尾蚴扫描电镜观察

近年来国内外学者对并殖吸虫的扫描电镜研究日益广泛,其中以成虫的观察研究较多,而后尾蚴扫描电镜的观察,国内外也有一些报道,但广东地区卫氏并殖吸虫后尾蚴扫描电镜的研究,尚未见有报道。为了了解其后尾蚴的超微结构,我们进行了扫描电镜的观察。材料和方法从广东省和平县热水公社捕捉的锯齿华溪蟹的肌肉中收集囊蚴,饲喂小犬获成虫证实为卫氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimus westermani)。将囊蚴脱囊获得后尾蚴,清洗后经过戊二醛和锇酸双固定,梯度脱水,醋酸异戊酯置换,临界点干燥,喷金,日立S-450扫描电镜观察。     

关于扁囊并殖吸虫的研究——生活史各期的形态学观察

通过对扁囊并殖吸虫和卫氏并殖吸虫的囊蚴、后尾蚴、成虫和虫卵各阶段在光镜下的形态学比较及所测数据的统计学处理,认为这两种虫间无明显差异。     

肺巨噬细胞对卫氏并殖吸虫后尾蚴的损伤作用

采用~(51)Cr释放率法研究在不同条件下肺巨噬细胞对卫氏并殖吸虫后尾蚴的损伤作用。结果表明,肺巨噬细胞及其上清液对后尾蚴有损伤作用,其损伤能力可被卡介苗所增强,而不能被环磷酰胺抑制;宿主感染卫氏并殖吸虫后,肺巨噬细胞功能处于抑制状态,其抑制因子可能存在于血清中。作者认为肺巨噬细胞主要在卫氏并殖吸虫病的非特异性免疫中起作用。     

乐昌市新发现一处卫氏并殖吸虫疫源地报告

目的了解粤北乐昌市并殖吸虫流行分布现状。方法采集大洞村调查点山溪中螺蛳1 700余只、溪蟹88只,检查并殖吸虫尾蚴、囊蚴。应用检出的并殖吸虫囊蚴人工感染家猫1只,收集猫粪便,检查并殖吸虫虫卵,解剖粪检虫卵阳性猫,查找并殖吸虫成虫。结果大洞村螺蛳中短尾尾蚴感染率为0.58‰(1/1 700),螺蛳鉴定为放逸短沟蜷。蟹体卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率为38.09%(32/84),溪蟹鉴定为平和华溪蟹。解剖人工感染虫卵的阳性猫,检获P.w成虫4条。结论乐昌市乐城镇大洞村为一新发现的卫氏并殖吸虫高度(II级)自然疫源地,疾病预防控制中心与医疗卫部门及政府应高度重视。     

家犬卫氏并殖吸虫病伴随免疫的研究

家犬分成(1)卫氏并殖吸虫(P.w.)囊蚴感染组;(2)P.w.成虫感染组。两组分别经78～150天、3O天后,用P.w.囊蚴攻击感染,再分别经17—3O天剖验。结果表明:(1)P.w.囊蚴感染可诱发犬的伴随免疫,而P.w.成虫移植感染未见诱发犬的伴随免疫。(2)第一组的犬用囊蚴攻击感染时,其童虫引起的病变较重。     

卫氏并殖吸虫二倍体型与三倍体型酯酶和糖、脂、蛋白质的比较研究(摘要)

在黑龙江省阿城县的东北(?)蛄体内检获二倍体型卫氏并殖吸虫(?)蚴,在辽宁省宽甸县东北(?)蛄体的检获三倍体型卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴,将囊蚴分别经口感染实验犬,215天后取出成虫,将两型成虫,囊蚴分别制成匀浆,离心后取上清,利用LKB-2117型多用电泳仪进行等     

陈氏狸殖吸虫光镜及电镜结构观察

目的观察陈氏狸殖吸虫各期形态结构特征。方法从陈氏狸殖吸虫流行区采集溪蟹．分离并观察囊蚴形态．感染实验动物描及大鼠．90～112d剖杀动物,回收虫体,进行形态学观察。结果陈氏狸殖吸虫主要形态特征为：龚蚴的囊壁为单层、平均大小为0．445mm×0．440mm、蚴体与囊壁间可见空隙;后尾蚴的排泄囊为长袋形;戒虫宽长比例为1：2．44～1：3．2,腹吸盘大于口吸盘,卵巢有中心体、指状分叶,睾丸呈长形分叶、长度约为体长16,体棘匆混生型;虫卵多数略不对称。结论陈氏狸殖吸虫囊蚴及成虫形态具有特征性,其囊蚴大小及囊壁晏数、成虫卵巢形态及体棘组成与排列在虫种鉴别中具有重要作用。     

卫氏并殖吸虫(二倍体型)在大鼠体内发育的观察

目的：了解卫氏并殖吸虫（二倍体型）在大鼠体内发育的宿主适宜性。方法：每鼠经口感染囊蚴后定期剖杀，从肌肉、体腔或肺虫囊中收集虫体并观测。结果：感染后第50，70，150，300，500天，平均获虫率依次是41.0%，39.5%,47.5%,55.0%和60.5%。检获的虫体数于肌肉、腹腔、胸腔和肺虫囊中的分布依次是92.8%（452／487），2.7%(13/487)，4.1%(20/487)和0.4%(2/487)。在1鼠肺部的1虫囊中获成虫2条，2鼠的胸腔分别获成虫1条及接近成熟虫体2条，其余为单虫，其长度均小于1mm，形态结构与脱囊的后尾蚴无明显差异。结论：大鼠似不限于仅作该虫的转续宿主，也可起保虫宿主作用。     

湖南省浏阳县卫氏并殖吸虫苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)的初步检测

本文报告对湘东地区浏阳县卫氏并殖吸虫不同发育阶段(囊蚴、后尾蚴、童虫和成虫)的MDH的检测结果,发现其主要特征酶带相一致,但酶带的数目和/或位置有差别。同时选择出以15只囊蚴为一组分作MDH检测,即可显现酶带;并检测到不同发育阶段的MDH酶谱与宿主(蟹)的MDH酶谱有明显差异。     

辽宁省凤城县卫氏并殖吸虫两种类型的发现及其差异

对辽宁省凤城县四条河流9个自然村进行了卫氏并殖吸虫类型调查。观察了囊蚴、成虫、虫卵形态及成虫染色体核型。证实该县存在卫氏并殖吸虫两型。位于靉河上游金家河伙荣沟村的卫氏并殖吸虫为三倍体型,该村有现患,人群皮试阳性率为26.7%;而靉河下游秋岭村的卫氏并殖吸虫为二倍体型,无典型病人发现,人群皮试阳性率为2.1%。两型形态除囊蚴大小不同外,以虫卵的区别最为明显。同时就两型卫氏并殖吸虫对人体的致病性及鉴别进行了探讨。     

THE LOCALIZATION OF ADRENOMEDULLIN IN RAT KIDNEY TISSUE AND ITS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF CULTURED RAT MESANGIAL CELLSA

Objective:To observe the localization of adrenomedullin(AM) in rat kidney tissue and its inhibitory effect on the growth of cultured rat mesangial cells (MsC).Methods:A monoclonal antibody against AM developed by our laboratory was used to detect the localization of AM protein in rat kidney tissue by avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry.The expressions of AM and its receptor CRLR mRNA on cultured glomerular epithelial cells (GEC)and MsC were investigated by Northern blot assay,and the possible effect of AM secreted by GEC on MsC proliferation was observed using [^3H] thymidine incorporation as an index.Results:A specific monoclonal antibody against AM was successfull developed.AM was immunohistochemically localized mainly in glomeruli (GEC and endothelial cells),some cortical proximal tubules,medullary collecting duct cells,interstitial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.Northern blot assay showed the AM mRNA was expressed only on cultured GEC,but not on MsC,however,AM receptor CRLR mRNA was only expressed on MsC.GEC conditioned medium containing AM can inhibit MsC growth and AM receptor blocker CGRP8-37 may partially decreased this inhibitory effect.Conclusion:AM produced by GEC inhibits the proliferation of MsC,which suggests that AM as an important regulator is involved in glomerular normal physiological functions and pathologic processes.     

Incidence and histopathology of encysted progenetic metacercaria of Clinostomum complanatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in Channa punctatus and its development in experimental host

Objective

To study the incidence of encysted progenetic metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (C. complanatum) in Channa punctatus (C. punctatus), associated histopathology and the experimental infection to laboratory chicken to obtain ovigerous adult worms.

Methods

Live C. punctatus were brought from local fish market of Aligarh, India, dissected and examined on a monthly basis for the presence of C. complanatum cysts. For histochemistry, infected tissue sections with attached cysts were processed for haematoxylene and eosin staining. Cysts were aseptically fed to 4 day old leghorn chicken to obtain adult worms. Mechanically excysted metacercaria and the ovigerous adult worms were stained in carmine to prepare permanent slides.

Results

One year survey for the infection of encysted progenetic metacercaria of C. complanatum in C. punctatus revealed the prevalence, intensity and abundance of 24.7%, 2.27 and 0.608, respectively. Histopathology showed heavy infiltration of immune cells at the site of cyst attachment and some tissue damage was also evident. Following feeding to experimental chicken, about 41.07% of the encysted metacercariae were able to excyst and migrate back to bucco-pharyngeal region where they tenaciously attached and fed on blood, and transformed into ovigerous adult worms from 62 hours onwards of post infection.

Conclusions

The parasite is potentially pathogenic to the host, and the availability of a suitable intermediate host can be a contributing factor for the occurrence of C. complanatum metacercaria either in the excysted or encysted form, indicating loose host specificity and zoonotic potential.