我国中西部地区农村纯母乳喂养影响因素研究

【目的】调查我国中西部地区农村纯母乳喂养现状,并分析产后保健服务因素对纯母乳喂养的影响。【方法】采用描述流行病学方法探讨纯母乳喂养率、纯母乳喂养持续时间及其分布状况;采用混合效应模型探讨影响纯母乳喂养的因素。【结果】调查地区纯母乳喂养率为76.8%,4个月以上纯母乳喂养率为42.7%,6个月以上的喂养率为16.4%,母乳喂养的平均时间为3.1个月。控制了母亲年龄、文化程度、家庭经济、分娩方式等变量后,混合模型分析结果显示产后母乳喂养指导与纯母乳喂养持续时间存在关联。【结论】调查地区的纯母乳喂养率较低,产后母乳喂养指导可以提高纯母乳喂养时间,亟待采取产后保健相关的干预方法,有效提高农村的纯母乳喂养水平。     

渭南地区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养现状及影响因素调查

目的 研究渭南地区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养现状及影响因素。方法 于2022年10—12月在渭南辖区2区7县各抽取1个社区预防接种点,基于偶遇法将在调查时间段内进入预防接种点的6月龄内婴儿的母亲作为研究对象进行母乳喂养现状及影响因素调查,以描述性分析方法对6月龄母乳喂养现状进行分析,采用单、多因素分析方法确定渭南地区婴儿母乳喂养现状的影响因素。结果 获得有效研究对象2 764人,其中母乳喂养率33.18%(917/2 764),混合喂养率43.60%(1 205/2 764),人工喂养率23.23%(642/2 764)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄（OR=0.820）、产次（OR=2.204）、返岗情况（OR=0.242）、家庭月收入（OR=2.008）、乳头扁平/凹陷（OR=0.671）、产后母乳喂养指导（OR=1.993）、家庭支持度（OR=1.777）是渭南地区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养的影响因素。结论渭南地区6月龄婴儿母乳喂养现状有待进一步改善,其受到年龄、产次、返岗情况、家庭月收入、乳头扁平/凹陷、产后母乳喂养指导、家庭支持度等多种因素影响,应识别和关注高危群体,改善影响母乳...     

产后0～6个月纯母乳喂养情况及影响因素分析

目的 调查产后6个月内纯母乳喂养（exclusive breastfeeding,EBF）现况,探讨EBF持续时间及率的影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年11月—2021年10月在承德市三家三甲医院分娩的506对产妇及其配偶作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养自我效能简式量表、父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表、母亲共同养育感知量表进行调查,应用Kaplan - Meier法和Cox回归分析EBF的影响因素。结果 6个月内的EBF持续时间的中位数为4个月,EBF率为30.83%,预计工作后能否EBF（RR = 1.398,95%CI:1.050～1.860）,现在的喂养方式（RR = 1.810,95%CI:1.363～2.404）,按需喂奶还是按时喂奶（RR = 1.301,95%CI:1.048～1.615）,婴儿首次吸吮母乳时间（RR = 1.870,95%CI:1.395～2.506）,产妇计划喂养方式（RR = 1.744,95%CI:1.353～2.248）, 做出喂养决定的时间（RR = 0.664,95%CI:0.491～0.897）,是否与配偶谈论过喂养方案（RR = 1.344,95%CI:1.069～1.690）和FBSES - SF得分（RR = 0.676,95%CI:0.541～0.844）是EBF的主要影响因素。结论 产妇6个月内EBF持续时间较短,EBF率较低,临床应重视对产妇母乳喂养的评估与随访,尽早针对主要影响因素为新生儿父母制定干预措施,以保障EBF的成功实现。     

石河子市婴儿母乳喂养持续时间现状及其影响因素

目的了解石河子市婴儿的母乳喂养持续时间及其影响因素。方法队列研究,问卷随机调查石河子市人民医院和妇幼保健院2003年出生的399名婴儿的喂养方式和断奶情况。用Cox回归分析2岁前断奶的因素。结果石河子市母乳喂养持续时间中位数为6个月,25％的四分位数为5个月,75％的四分位数为11个月,断奶高峰在6个月,有21．8％和0．5％的婴儿持续母乳喂养至12个月和24个月。影响母乳喂养持续时间的主要因素是母亲工作。结论石河子母乳喂养持续时间短。     

初产妇母乳喂养态度影响因素及干预建议

目的：分析影响初产妇母乳喂养态度的因素,并提出干预建议,为提升母乳喂养率提供依据。方法：采用横断面调查方法,选择2022年12月-2023年2月在医院产前检查的326名初产妇为研究对象,应用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养知识问卷、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)及中文版Iowa婴儿喂养态度量表(IIFAS)进行调查。采用logistic多因素回归分析确定初产妇母乳喂养态度的独立影响因素。结果：回收有效问卷的302名初产妇IIFAS评分59.06±8.39分,母乳喂养态度积极初产妇105名(34.8%),母乳喂养态度偏差197名(65.2%)。单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、妊娠发生、产前检查、家庭成员对纯母乳喂养态度、母乳喂养知识、抑郁症状均与初产妇母乳喂养态度有关(P<0.05);logistic多因素回归分析显示,产妇年龄低(OR=1.807,95%CI 1.217～2.683)、产前检查不规律(OR=1.877,95%CI 1.192～2.957)、家庭成员对纯母乳喂养支持态度低(OR=2.199,95%CI 1.385～3.492)、母乳喂养知识少(OR=3.054,95%CI ...     

家庭支持与四月龄婴儿母乳喂养相关性调查研究

目的了解本社区4月龄婴儿母乳喂养率和家庭支持之间的关系,为探索进一步提高母乳喂养率的措施提供参考。方法采取自行设计的调查问卷对本社区4月龄婴儿母乳喂养情况和家庭支持情况进行调查,采用SPSS 12.0对数据进行统计分析。结果本社区4月龄婴儿母乳喂养率仅为41.5%,不同喂养方式的调查对象家庭支持得分的差异有统计学意义(F=19.29,P<0.001),两两比较后发现母乳喂养与混合喂养,母乳喂养与人工喂养之间的差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.001)。结论本社区4月龄婴儿母乳喂养率较低,家庭支持对提高母乳喂养率具有较重要的影响,应重视对家庭的知识宣教。     

吉安市862例4个月婴儿母乳喂养状况调查分析

目的:了解吉安市4个月婴儿母乳喂养状况。方法:用自制的调查问卷调查862例在吉安市医院儿科住院的患儿。通过母亲或者其他家属的回顾,调查4个月婴儿母乳喂养情况。结果:吉安市4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率、混合喂养率、人工喂养率分别为60.21%、13.80%、25.99%。产妇的常住地、产妇有无产假、母亲主观原因是影响吉安市母乳喂养率的主要因素。结论:4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率较低,应该积极倡导母乳喂养,促进婴儿健康成长。     

丽水市0~6月婴儿母乳喂养现状分析

目的 了解丽水市区6月龄以下婴儿喂养情况及相关因素,为提高母乳喂养率提供参考。方法 自制调查问卷,对儿保科门诊6个月以下婴儿进行调查,就婴儿喂养、母亲情况及影响母乳喂养的相关因素进行分析。结果 调查675名婴儿,纯母乳喂养率为40.89%,部分母乳喂养率为39.11%,配方奶喂养占20.00%;不同月龄婴儿的喂养方式存在不同;单因素分析显示喂养方式与母亲文化程度、家庭月收入、母亲有无产科并发症、分娩方式、新生儿是否入住新生儿监护室、是否早开奶、母亲是否接受健康教育、出生胎龄等因素有关(P均<0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,家庭月收入、分娩方式、新生儿是否入住新生儿监护室、是否早开奶、母亲是否接受健康教育5个因素有关。配方奶喂养比母乳喂养肥胖发生率更高。结论 加强健康教育、早开奶、降低剖宫产率、良好的环境及家庭氛围、在新生儿因疾病住院期间保持泌乳是提高母乳喂养率的有效措施。     

河南省社区母乳喂养现状分析

对河南省８个城市１１个街道５０１例４个月以内婴儿母乳喂养现状进行调查。结果表明：河南省社区纯母乳喂养率为４７．９０％，母乳喂养率为４４．７１％，人工喂养率为６．５９％，喂养方式的改变主要在生后２个月以内，喂养方式改变的原因为自觉乳汁不足，婴儿总哭，乳头问题等。在产院及产后１个月内未正确对待母婴，产后访视及儿童系统管理时未继续进行母乳喂养的宣传和指导，也是影响纯母乳喂养率的重要因素。因此要提高纯母乳喂养率，应继续深入开展创建爱婴医院活动，加强孕期、产时、产后的母乳喂养的健康教育，在产院及产后１个月内正确对待母婴是非常重要的。     

社区内四年纯母乳喂养调查研究

为了解创建爱婴医院以来４个月婴儿纯母乳喂养情况，我们对９１３婴儿４月时喂养方式进行了调查，结果表明：四年来４月纯母乳喂养率无显著增加，人工喂养率有明显下降；未坚持４月纯母乳喂养主要原因是乳量不足及传统喂养习惯的影响。建议进一步创建爱婴医院，在产前健康教育中强调４－６月纯母乳喂养，建立健全促进母乳喂养的支持组织，这是提高４个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率，实现２０００年４个月纯母乳喂养率达８０％总目标的关键所在     

The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan,Malaysia

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia.SUBJECTS/METHODSA prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted.RESULTSA total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty.CONCLUSIONThe extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women''s intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.     

婴儿喂养形式与产后恢复月经分析

为研究哺乳与哺乳性闭经时间的关系,本文对541对二胎母婴自分娩后7天内至母亲恢复正常月经期间婴儿喂养及相关情况进行了随访研究。结果显示,喂奶次数和时间随产后时间变化不大。产后半年内,婴儿摄食90％以上为母乳,至婴儿一岁,母乳含量仍约70％。开始添加辅食的平均时间为产后153天。产后2周全母乳喂养率为73.4％,产后3月、6月分别约为60％和40％。产后一年半,仍有近80%的母亲部分母乳哺喂孩子。产后61,89,187和369天,母亲恢复月经累计概率分别为0.0150,0.0395,0.2345和0.6820。哺乳性闭经时间平均为282天。结果说明:全母乳喂养和以母乳为主的喂养时间较长和添加辅食较晚的母亲闭经时间较长。产后首次月经的出现是应采用避孕措施的信号。     

生命早期喂养模式对学龄前儿童蔬菜和水果摄入的影响

目的 了解婴儿期母乳喂养持续时间和纯母乳喂养对学龄前期儿童蔬菜和水果摄入的影响,为婴幼儿喂养指导提供更为有力的科学依据。方法 使用已经进行的儿童肥胖研究的基线调查数据进行分析,数据为通过问卷调查的方式了解儿童婴儿期喂养基本情况和儿童膳食现状,使用Logistic回归模型对可能关联进行验证。结果 在1 189名调查儿童婴儿期,纯母乳喂养持续超过6个月的占17.1%,母乳喂养持续时间超过12个月的占9.6%。纯母乳喂养持续6个月以上的儿童在学龄前期超重肥胖发生率明显低于纯母乳喂养持续时间<6个月的儿童(2.2% &3.7%,P<0.05)。学龄前儿童摄入每周≥6次的水果和蔬菜的频率比例分别为87.5%及67.7%。婴儿期持续母乳喂养12个月及以上儿童在学龄前期摄入蔬菜频率高于母乳喂养持续时间<12个月的儿童(OR=1.251; 95%CI1.115~2.563),纯母乳喂养≥6个月的儿童较纯母乳喂养时间<6个月的儿童在学龄前期摄入蔬菜的频率高,两者存在统计学关联(OR=1.015;95%CI1.002~1.105)。母乳喂养模式与学龄前期儿童摄入水果频率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.882;95%CI0.412~1.514) &(OR=0.657;95%CI0.442~1.019)。结论 长期母乳喂养及纯母乳喂养与学龄前期儿童蔬菜摄入量存在正向关联,但与学龄前期儿童水果摄入无任何关联。生命早期科学喂养方式对于儿童生命后期营养习惯的形成乃至对营养发育的影响都十分重要的,因而社会和家庭对于母乳喂养的认识和支持也需进一步深入和提高。     

不同喂养婴儿方式对产妇产后体重变化的影响

目的 了解妇女生育后喂养方式对体重变化的影响.方法 对孕期和产后4～6个月的孕产妇进行纵向追踪调查,记录体重变化情况.根据产妇在4个月内喂养婴儿的方式分为基本纯母乳喂养组、混合喂养组和人工喂养组,比较各组体重变化情况.结果 产后4个月内基本纯母乳喂养率为63.8％.人工喂养组孕期增重和产后42d、产后4～6个月时体重减少值均显著高于基本纯母乳喂养组(P均＜0.01);产后4～6个月时,基本纯母乳喂养组妇女的体重和体重滞留量均显著低于人工喂养组(P均＜0.05).结论 妇女产后体重滞留与采用不同的喂养婴儿方式有关,进行母乳喂养婴儿的产妇产后体重恢复较慢,但是其孕期增重、产后体重和体重滞留量都较人工喂养者轻.因此,在加强产后纯母乳喂养宣传的同时,也要加强孕前保健知识的宣传.     

Impact of working status on breastfeeding in Singapore: evidence from the National Breastfeeding Survey 2001

BACKGROUND: This study uses data from the 2001 Singapore National Breastfeeding Survey to examine factors, including working status, associated with breastfeeding duration. METHODS: All women who delivered in the eight hospitals with obstetric services in Singapore from 1 April to 31 May 2001 were invited to participate in a survey on infant feeding and nutrition at 2 and 6 months postpartum. A total of 2149 respondents were interviewed for variables that were known or suspected to be associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the associated effect of working status on breastfeeding duration. Kaplan-Meier estimate and survival curves were compared between working and non-working mothers. RESULTS: Working status had no effect on initiation of breastfeeding, but had an effect on breastfeeding duration. The median breastfeeding duration for non-working and working mothers was 9 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively. This difference was significant by log rank test [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.41, P value <0.001]. About 31% of non-working mothers breastfed for up to 6 months as compared to 20% of working mothers. Working mothers were more likely to stop breastfeeding than non-working mothers (HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.43-1.85, P value = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. The most important reason for working mothers stopping breastfeeding between 2 and 6 months was attributable to work. CONCLUSION: More breastfeeding-friendly initiatives need to be put in place at workplaces to encourage working mothers to continue breastfeeding upon returning to work.     

The effects of maternal exposure to second-hand smoke on breast-feeding duration: A prospective cohort study

Aim

Encouraging exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months is one of the main priorities for public health. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is decreasing in Iran. Moreover, there have been few studies conducted on the effects of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke on breastfeeding duration in Iran. Considering the importance of breast milk for infant development, the future health of the baby and ultimately the family, this study was designed to assess the effect of maternal exposure to second-hand smoke on exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Subjects and methods

The effect of smoke exposure on exclusive breastfeeding was investigated in a prospective cohort study. The study included 170 mothers in the exposed group and 170 mothers in the non-exposed group. There were losses to follow-up (12 %), so a statistical analysis was carried out on a total of 299 women. Breastfeeding duration and maternal exposure to second-hand smoke were recorded in three follow-up interviews, including 3–5 days, 3 months and 6 months after delivery. Maternal exposure to second-hand smoke was assessed by self-reports. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model were used for data analysis.

Results

Maternal exposure to second-hand smoke during the postpartum period can cause a significant reduction in exclusive breastfeeding during a 6-month period (p?<?0.001). According to the Cox regression model, heavily exposed (hazard ratio?=?2.22, 95 % confidence interval: 1.45–3.39) and lightly exposed mothers (hazard ratio?=?1.65, 95 % confidence interval: 1.25–2.42) were more likely to stop exclusive breastfeeding earlier compared with non-exposed women.

Conclusion

Maternal exposure to second-hand smoke is associated with an increased risk of discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months. A stance of no smoking at home and avoidance of passive smoking could possibly improve the rate of breastfeeding in Iran.     

上海市产妇分娩后早期新生儿母乳喂养态度及其影响因素分析

目的 调查上海市产后3 d内的妇女的母乳喂养态度和新生儿喂养方式,分析产妇生理、心理健康因素和卫生保健服务对产妇喂养意愿的影响.方法 2020年6月—7月在全市43家助产医疗机构连续纳入分娩后3 d以内的产妇,在其出院前,采用结构性调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression...