新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情阶段男科诊疗工作的若干建议

2019年12月起,湖北省武汉市陆续发现多例新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎(新冠肺炎)患者,全国各地以及世界其他国家随后也发现确诊或疑似病例,疫情呈蔓延趋势。在新冠肺炎疫情期间,各学科的疾病诊疗均面临特殊挑战,在遵循防控原则基础上要更加严格、准确地把握治疗方案,因此中华医学会男科学分会组织有关专家通过参照现有的疫情认知和借鉴其他相关经验,结合男科学的临床诊疗特点,将疫情期间男科疾病诊疗需要注意的事情进行总结,供同行参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下泌尿外科急症的诊疗意见

探究新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间泌尿外科相关急症的治疗原则、诊疗策略和治疗方式。方法:研究分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院泌尿外科各类急症的诊疗情况,并对各类急症的诊疗方法和处理进行讨论。结果:我们中心自1月20日～3月26日合计收治和处理各类泌尿外科急症累计729例,包括血尿65例、尿潴留356例、肾绞痛256例、肾积水8例、更换引流管42例、泌尿系损伤2例。所有急症患者中包括新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊患者16例(2.19%)、疑似患者36例(4.94%)、确诊康复患者6例(0.82%)。所有急症患者在分级防护下,分别行相应的处理。无急症患者死亡病例,患者转归良好并得到进一步治疗。结论:在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,急性尿潴留和肾绞痛是疫情期间最常见泌尿外科急症。由于泌尿外科专科常规医疗模式受到较大冲击,对于新型疫情期间泌尿外科急症的处理需要科学防护,并采取安全有效的管理模式和诊疗方案。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间关节外科临床诊疗规范化流程

目前发生于中国的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情已持续超过1个月。在有序、科学、规范地抗击COVID-19疫情期间,关节外科如何安全、有序地开展日常临床工作是当前所面临的主要问题。本文结合COVID-19疫情防控现状以及四川大学华西医院关节外科开展日常临床工作的实际,就关节外科的门诊、住院、手术室管理,以及患者出院后的管理规范、具体操作与随访进行总结,供广大骨科、关节外科医护人员参考,以期规范COVID-19疫情期间关节外科的临床诊治工作。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肝移植病房管理单中心经验

自2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影响范围广、感染人数多,在对社会生活造成严重影响的同时,也给医院器官移植病房的管理带来了巨大挑战。肝移植受者术后免疫力低下,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)易感性可能较普通人群更高。因此,肝移植病房的管理具有其特殊性。COVID-19疫情期间,青岛大学附属医院肝脏移植科医护人员通过学习国家卫生健康委员会发布的COVID-19防控和诊疗方案以及相关指南,加强医护人员自身防护,制订适应疫情形势的住院患者管理流程,完善患者及其家属COVID-19相关知识宣教,建立并优化肝移植病房管理方案。期望通过特殊时期肝移植病房的有效管理,在予肝移植受者科学治疗的同时,有效避免2019-nCoV感染。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤骨科患者处理要点

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严峻,虽一定程度上限制了人员流动,但仍不可避免骨折患者、尤其是低能量损伤老年患者来医院就诊。在此特殊时期,创伤骨科医师应如何在常规的诊疗方式中结合新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控,做好创伤患者围手术期管理,选择合理的术式及麻醉方式,对于患者的预后及疫情的防控至关重要。在做好诊断、治疗、护理、康复等流程的同时,医务人员如何做好自身的防护,避免出现聚集性传播,也是必须要面对的问题。该文从创伤骨科医、护、患三者出发,结合多学科综合干预模式,对当前疫情期间如何做好创伤骨科患者的防治工作进行简要阐述。     

普通病区预防新型冠状病毒医院感染应急护理管理实践

目的探讨普通病区预防新型冠状病毒院内交叉感染的应急护理管理方案。方法在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间对微创妇科病区进行应急管理,包括环境与物资准备,护理人员准备,患者管理,病区入口管理,日常工作管理。结果 2020年1月26日至2月14日,医护人员、护理员、保洁人员掌握新型冠状病毒肺炎知识、手卫生、口罩、帽子的正确使用、标准防护知识;顺利收治7例患者,完成平诊手术2台、急诊手术4台,10例患者好转出院,2月14日住院患者16例。科室未发现新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似病例,无患者及医护感染新冠肺炎,患者及家属情绪稳定,医疗护理工作正常运行。结论微创妇科病区采用的应急护理管理方案具有科学性、实用性,可有效预防新型冠状病毒的院内交叉感染。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折诊疗流程

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给当今我国乃至全世界造成巨大影响并仍在延续,而老年患者病情相对较重。骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)发病率逐年增高,造成巨大的社会经济负担。因此,在COVID-19疫情期间,制定合理规范的诊疗流程,为OVCF患者以及医务人员提供安全有效的保障是当务之急。基于国家卫生健康委员会最新的诊疗规范以及目前国内外关于抗击COVID-19疫情和OVCF诊疗原则的最新文献和循证医学证据,制定本诊疗流程。     

胸外科病区内交叉感染新型冠状病毒肺炎防治的临床实践

目的总结胸外科病区院内交叉性感染新型冠状病毒围手术期患者的临床特点,以指导抗击疫情期间病区内感染的防治工作。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院胸外科病房2020年1月1~24日因胸部疾病在院治疗451例患者的临床资料,其中手术患者245例、非手术患者206例;并对患者出院后进行随访。结果胸外科病房内新型冠状病毒感染患者7例,感染率1.55%(7/451),其中男5例、女2例,年龄56~68岁。感染者均为手术患者,其术前影像学资料均未提及病毒性肺炎影像学改变。高龄、吸烟、手术、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、慢性肝病及肿瘤病史的患者更容易感染。从患者床位空间分布上发现感染患者之间的距离均>1 m,且未发现同病房人员交叉感染。随访中有2名家属出院后1周感染,但回溯家属在院期间的床位时空分布与感染患者均无交叉。结论本研究发现胸外科病区新型冠状病毒肺炎感染率低,可能属于机会感染,同时做好严密的消毒杀菌防控防疫工作能够减少胸外科病区交叉感染的发生。     

泌尿外科诊疗工作中防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的建议

2019年12月武汉陆续出现新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情并蔓延至全球多个国家和地区。为更好地增强泌尿外科医护人员防控工作的针对性和有效性,我们结合本专业临床诊疗工作特点及疫区防控措施和经验,起草了泌尿外科诊疗工作中防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的建议,以供泌尿外科医护人员参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间剖宫产手术策略

在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,如何进行剖宫产手术是临床迫切需要解决的问题。本文通过文献梳理,结合本院经验,提出新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间剖宫产手术流程及防控策略。     

武汉胸外科医护人员及手术患者新型冠状病毒感染防治临床实践

目的总结武汉市大型三甲医院胸外科防治新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)肺炎(COVID-19)的临床经验,提供可行的临床实践策略。方法回顾性分析2019年12月15日至2020年2月15日武汉市7家大型三甲医院胸外科确诊COVID-1941例患者的临床资料,其中手术患者20例,男10例、女10例,年龄(54.35±10.80)岁;医护人员21例,男7例、女14例,年龄(30.38±6.23)岁。结果COVID-19患者临床表现主要为发热(70.73%)和咳嗽(53.66%)。COVID-19患者外周血白细胞总数正常或减少,淋巴细胞计数减少,部分患者可出现C反应蛋白增高。COVID-19患者胸部CT早期呈现局限性磨玻璃影改变,以肺外带明显,进而发展为双肺多发浸润影,严重者出现肺实变。确诊时医护人员多为磨玻璃影及单侧病变,甚至肺部无明显异常。COVID-19确诊患者均及时转入隔离病房按国家卫生健康委员会《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案》规范治疗。随访截至2020年2月20日,手术患者出院7例(35.00%),死亡7例(35.00%),医护人员出院13例(61.90%),无死亡。结论武汉市医院胸外科COVID-19患者中,手术患者重症比例及死亡率明显高于普通人群。医护人员易院内感染。早期氧疗及呼吸支持有可能改善预后。COVID-19疫情期间应推迟择期或限期手术。严格把握急诊手术指征。急诊手术应按三级防护处理。胸外科有专科特殊性,若有确诊患者,全科人员应积极排查。早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗是改善COVID-19预后的最佳防治措施。     

Strategies for prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in the department of kidney transplantation

To summarize measures for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the department of kidney transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of outpatients and inpatients in the department of kidney transplantation from January 20 to March 1, 2020, and followed up the in-home kidney transplant recipients and those waiting for kidney transplantation through the Internet platform. Our department had formulated detailed prevention and control measures, mainly including kidney transplant outpatient management, kidney transplantation ward management, management of kidney transplant surgery, dialysis management of patients waiting for kidney transplantation, personal protection of medical staff, and follow-up management of discharged patients after kidney transplantation. During the epidemic period, there were no COVID-19 cases among 68 outpatient examined kidney transplant recipients, 32 hospitalized kidney transplant recipients, 19 patients waiting for kidney transplantation in hospital, and 30 medical staff. There were no COVID-19 cases among 160 follow-up recipients after kidney transplantation and 60 patients waiting for kidney transplantation. During the epidemic period, we implemented strict prevention and control measures and adjusted working methods and procedures to ensure safe and orderly work of the department.     

Single-center experience of organ transplant practice during the COVID-19 epidemic

In order to safely carry out organ donation transplants during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we have formulated strict procedures in place for organ donation and transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed our transplantation work from January 20 to May 5, 2020, to discuss whether organ transplantation can be carried out safely during the epidemic period. From January 20 to May 5, 43 cases of donation were carried out in our hospital, and the utilization rate of liver, kidney, heart, lung, and pancreas donations was more than 90%. Forty-one cases of liver transplantation and 84 cases of kidney transplantation were performed. No graft loss or recipient death occurred within one month after kidney transplantation, and one patient (2.4%) died after liver transplantation. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay compared with that during the same period in the previous three years. More importantly, COVID-19 infection did not occur among healthcare providers, donors, patients, or their accompanying families in our center. Under the premise of correct protection, it is safe and feasible to carry out organ transplantation during the epidemic period. Our experience during the outbreak might provide a clinical reference for countries facing COVID-19 worldwide.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫期间肿瘤患者介入诊治流程专家共识

2019年12月以来,我国自湖北省武汉市开始出现新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情。为在疫情期间诊治肿瘤患者时减少交叉感染,中国抗癌协会肿瘤介入学专业委员会组织专家编写了此专家共识,针对介入门诊管理、介入病房管理和介入手术室管理等方面制定了具体措施。     

Use of in situ simulation to evaluate the operational readiness of a high-consequence infectious disease intensive care unit

On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was a public health emergency of international concern. The WHO guidance states that patients with (COVID-19) should be managed by staff wearing appropriate personal protective equipment; however, working whilst wearing personal protective equipment is unfamiliar to many healthcare professionals. We ran high-fidelity, in-situ simulation of high-risk procedures on patients with COVID-19 in a negative-pressure side room on our intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to identify potential problems, test the robustness of our systems and inform modification of our standard operating procedures for any patients with COVID-19 admitted to our ICU. The simulations revealed several important latent risks and allowed us to put corrective measures in place before the admission of patients with COVID-19. We recommend that staff working in clinical areas expected to receive patients with COVID-19 conduct in-situ simulation in order to detect their own unique risks and aid in the creation of local guidelines of management of patients with COVID-19.     

Out of hospital management of LVAD patients during COVID-19 outbreak

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic touching thousands of people all around the world. Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are affected by long-standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction in routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. Potential deleterious effects of such a situation can be a delayed recognition of LVAD-related complications, misdiagnosis of COVID-19, and impaired social and psychological well-being for patients and families. As one of the largest LVAD programs worldwide, we designed a sustainable and enforceable telemonitoring algorithm which can be easily adapted to every LVAD center so as to maintain optimal quality of care for LVAD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious. Airway management of patients with COVID-19 is high risk to staff and patients. We aimed to develop principles for airway management of patients with COVID-19 to encourage safe, accurate and swift performance. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice to advise on airway management for patients with COVID-19, drawing on published literature and immediately available information from clinicians and experts. Recommendations on the prevention of contamination of healthcare workers, the choice of staff involved in airway management, the training required and the selection of equipment are discussed. The fundamental principles of airway management in these settings are described for: emergency tracheal intubation; predicted or unexpected difficult tracheal intubation; cardiac arrest; anaesthetic care; and tracheal extubation. We provide figures to support clinicians in safe airway management of patients with COVID-19. The advice in this document is designed to be adapted in line with local workplace policies.     

重庆地区新型冠状病毒肺炎153例临床特征分析

目的分析重庆地区153例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床资料,为该疾病的诊疗提供借鉴和思考。方法收集2020年1月26日至2月5日在重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的153例COVID-19患者的临床资料。根据疾病严重程度,分为非重症组(n=132)和重症组(n=21),分析两组患者的临床表现、实验室检查、胸部影像学特征、治疗和转归情况。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果重症组患者合并糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病的比例均高于非重症组(χ2=11.04和6.94,P<0.05)。在首发症状中,非重症组患者有22例(16.7%)无症状,与重症组患者比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.09,P<0.05)。重症组患者发热、乏力和肌肉酸痛的比例高于非重症组(χ2=4.40、14.42和22.67,P<0.05)。在伴随症状中,重症组患者咳痰和气促的比例高于非重症组(χ2=8.46和4.80,P<0.05)。重症组患者C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体高于非重症组(Z=-4.39和-1.96,P<0.05),CD3+T、CD4+T和CD8+T淋巴细胞计数均低于非重症组(Z=27.25、20.60和17.36,P<0.05)。重症组患者双肺多叶、右肺下叶受累比例高于非重症组患者(χ2=9.71和23.61,P<0.05)。结论COVID-19的严重程度与患者合并基础疾病、临床症状、肺脏受累部位、C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体、CD3+T淋巴细胞计数、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数及CD8+T淋巴细胞计数相关。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护管理措施,以预防医务人员及患者感染。方法新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期对87例患者行急诊手术,手术室加强三级防护,做好安全防护管理,包括实施手术区改造分区、医务人员培训及防护,加强患者术前、术中及术后管理等措施。结果 87例急诊手术均顺利完成,医务人员均未发生新型冠状病毒感染。结论加强新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期急诊手术患者的安全防护,能确保手术顺利实施的同时,保障患者和医务人员的安全。     

表现为磨玻璃影的新型冠状病毒肺炎和早期肺肿瘤的CT影像学对比研究

目的回顾性分析以磨玻璃影(GGO)为表现的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)肺炎(COVID-19)与早期肺肿瘤的CT影像学特点,以指导抗疫防治工作。方法回顾性纳入华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2020年1月17日至2月13日收治的CT表现为GGO的COVID-19临床诊断71例患者,作为COVID-19组;以2017年9月至2019年5月收治的CT表现为GGO并行手术切除、术后病理证实为早期肺肿瘤患者80例作对照,为早期肺肿瘤组。分析两组患者性别、年龄、就诊症状(发热、咳嗽、乏力、肌痛、呼吸困难)、流行病学史、SARS-CoV-2核酸检测结果、肺肿瘤术后病理结果的临床特征及包括病灶数量、病灶位置、最大直径的CT影像特征。结果相比早期肺肿瘤组,COVID-19组具有特异性临床症状和流行病学史(P<0.001),而在高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)上多表现为2个以上病灶(61例,85.92%,P<0.001),主要分布在双肺的外周1/2带(69例,97.18%,P<0.001),病灶形态多为最大径>1 cm的较大片状(65例,91.55%,P<0.001)。COVID-19组在病程初期与早期肺肿瘤组形态相似,但随着病程进展则出现融合实变,可能出现GGO样的COVID-19和早期肺肿瘤共存的现象。结论以GGO为表现的COVID-19与早期肺肿瘤在CT影像上具有既相似又独立的特征。充分了解两者的影像特点并结合患者病史、实验室检验和确诊金标准、短期复查CT协助评估,有利于实现应收尽收、减少交叉感染,打赢疫情防控阻击战。