体重指数与肾结石相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价体重指数(Body Index Mass,BMI)与肾结石发病风险之间的相关性。方法全面检索自建库至2016年6月Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane、CNKI、Wan Fang Data、VIP数据库中,国内外关于BMI与肾结石的关系的病例-对照研究和队列研究。检索完毕后进行文献筛选、数据提取和质量评价,整个过程由2名研究员分别独立完成,最后汇总所得数据采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入5个研究,3个病例对照研究和2个队列研究。经异质性检验和敏感性分析后,结果显示,BMI超标即超重和肥胖组的肾结石发病风险明显高于正常组,其差异有统计学意义,OR=1.92,95%CI=(1.79,2.05)。结论 BMI与肾结石具有相关性,超重或肥胖是肾结石产生的危险因素。     

中国人群BMI与肺癌发病风险的Meta分析

目的：探讨肥胖与中国人群肺癌发病风险的关系,分析BMI与肺癌发病风险的剂量-反应关系。方法系统性检索国内外公开发表的有关中国人群BMI与肺癌发病关系的文献,并辅以文献追溯等方法,检索数据库包括中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase和Google Scholar,时间范围从各数据库建库至2014年9月,共检索到93篇文献。采用Meta分析方法计算肥胖与肺癌发病风险的合并OR（95%CI）值,运用广义最小二乘估计方法（GLST）估计BMI与肺癌发病风险的剂量-反应关系。结果最终纳入文献7篇,纳入肺癌病例2351例。Meta分析结果表明,肥胖与肺癌发病风险呈负相关（OR=0.68,95%CI：0.59～0.79）,并且这种负相关不受研究类型、性别、吸烟状况、BMI获取方式和病例来源的影响,异质性检验结果I2=0,P=0.594。BMI与肺癌发病风险呈线性剂量-反应关系,BMI每增加5 kg/m2,肺癌发病风险降低21%（OR=0.79,95%CI：0.71～0.89）,异质性检验结果q=22.43,P=0.002。结论 BMI较高是中国人群肺癌发病的一个保护性因素,由于吸烟是肺癌最重要的危险因素,可能有一定的混杂作用。     

中国人群体重指数与食管癌发病风险的Meta分析

摘要:目的　探讨中国人群肥胖与食管癌发病风险的关系,评估BMI与食管癌发病风险的剂量反应关系。方法　系统性检索国内外公开发表的有关中国人群BMI与食管癌发病关系的中英文文献,并辅以文献追溯等方法,检索数据库包括中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase和Google Scholar,时间范围从各数据库建库至2014年9月,共检索到60篇文献。采用Meta分析方法计算肥胖与食管癌发病风险的合并OR值（95%CI）,运用最小二乘估计方法（GLST）估计BMI与食管癌发病风险的剂量反应关系。结果　最终纳入文献5篇,纳入食管癌病例7 215例。Meta分析结果表明,肥胖与中国人群食管癌发病风险呈负相关（OR＝0.56,95%CI:0.35～0.90）,并且这种负相关不受研究类型、地区、BMI获取方式和病例来源的影响。BMI与食管癌发病风险呈线性剂量反应关系,BMI每增加5 kg/m2食管癌发病风险降低（OR＝0.57,95%CI:0.54～0.60）。结论　本次Meta分析结果显示高BMI是中国人群食管癌发病的一个保护性因素。     

天津市宝坻区老年人体质指数、腰围以及腰围身高比与高血压患病率的关联

  目的   探讨天津市宝坻区60岁及以上老年居民的体质指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰围(waist circumference, WC)以及腰围身高比(waist-to-height ratio, WHtR)与高血压患病率的关联。   方法   本研究对2018年4-5月参加天津市宝坻区口东卫生院体检的老年人(≥60岁)进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用分层分析和logistic回归分析BMI与WC(或WHtR)对高血压的联合作用和交互作用。   结果   共邀请1 692人, 1 417人(83.75%)参与本研究。老年人群的高血压患病率为46.36%、BMI超重和肥胖者占66.50%、WC中心型肥胖者占74.66%、WHtR超重和肥胖者占75.38%。与BMI或WC正常相比, BMI超重(OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.19~2.30)和肥胖(OR=3.41, 95% CI:2.23~5.20)及WC中心型肥胖(OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.00~2.23)均增加高血压的患病风险。BMI联合WC超重/肥胖(OR=2.49, 95% CI:1.78~3.46), 或BMI联合WHtR超重/肥胖(WHtR超重: OR=2.05, 95% CI:1.41~2.99;WHtR肥胖: OR=2.37, 95% CI:1.50~3.76)的患病风险高于后者单独作用的风险(WC超重/肥胖: OR=1.39, 95% CI:0.90~2.15;WHtR超重: OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.62~1.66;WHtR肥胖: OR=1.44, 95% CI:0.55~3.81)。   结论   三项指标中, BMI与高血压患病的关联性最强, 且BMI超重/肥胖增强WC(或WHtR)与高血压的关联, 提示控制BMI相关体重指标在正常范围内有助于预防和控制高血压。     

贵州成人腰围体质指数与高血压的关系研究

目的:采用腰围、体质指数综合评价成人高血压患病风险。方法:按多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取贵州省12个县(市/区)18岁及以上9280名常驻居民进行调查。结果:高血压患病率有随BMI增高而增高的趋势,正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率分别为22.37%、36.59%和51.73%,青年人中肥胖人群患高血压风险最大男性OR=4.171(95%CI=2.872~6.058),女性OR=5.071(95%CI=3.402~7.560),而在超重人群中则以老年组患高血压风险最大,男性OR=1.983(95%CI=1.339~2.937),女性OR=2.503(95%CI=1.801~3.479)。结论:与正常体重相比,超重肥胖人群患高血压危险逐步增加,控制青年人肥胖和老年人群超重对于降低人群的高血压患病水平有重要意义。     

体重指数、腰围与高血压患病率关系的分析

目的探讨体重指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)对人群高血压患病率的影响。方法采用集中调查和入户调查相结合的方式,对社区35岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果该地区高血压患病率29.96%,全身性肥胖患病率为12.52%,中心性肥胖患病率33.26%。全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖患者中高血压患病率分别为57.87%和51.80%,中心性肥胖人群患高血压的风险是腰围正常人群的4.56倍,超重和肥胖人群患高血压的风险分别是体重正常人群的3.17倍和6.76倍,超重且中心性肥胖者患高血压的风险是体重正常腰围也正常人群的7.01倍。结论该地区超重和肥胖患病形势严峻,超重肥胖人群患高血压的风险显著增高,控制体重对高血压等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。     

MTHFR基因(C677T)多态性与NTDs关系Meta分析

目的 运用Meta分析方法综合评价亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T多态性与神经管畸形的关系.方法 检索PubMed、CNKI等多个中英文数据库的相关文献,收集所有关于MTHFR基因C677T多态性与神经管畸形关系的病例对照研究,提取所需数据应用SPSS 13.0和RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 共有27篇符合条件的文献纳入分析,包括2 245例病例人群和3 678名对照人群;Meta分析表明,母亲携带CT基因型者子代发生神经管畸形(NTDs)的风险为母亲携带CC基因型者子代的1.41倍(OR=1.41,95％ CI=1.16～1.71),其中国内母亲携带CT基因型者子代发生NTDs的风险为母亲携带CC基因型者子代的2.06倍(OR=2.06,95％CI=1.44～2.95);母亲携带TT基因型者子代发生NTDs的风险为母亲携带CC基因型者子代的1.97倍(OR=1.97,95％ CI=1.49 ～2.61),其中国内和国外母亲携带TT基因型者子代发生NTDs的风险分别为母亲携带CC基因型者子代的3.12倍(OR =3.12,95％ CI=1.50 ～6.51)和1.61倍(OR=1.61,95％ CI=1.30～1.98).结论 MTHFR C677T位点基因多态性与神经管畸形的易感性密切相关,但其病因关联性仍有待于在人群中进行大规模队列研究加以论证.     

儿童期体重状态及其变化与血压偏高发生风险的关系

目的 探索儿童期体重状态及其变化与血压偏高发病风险的关系,为儿童高血压的防控提供依据。方法 数据来源于在2012—2018年间,基于自贡市开展的“自贡基于学校的心血管代谢风险队列研究”。本研究纳入至少接受2次调查;在基线（第一次调查）和随访（最后一次调查）时血压,身高,体重等信息完整;且在基线时血压正常的儿童。使用中介效应模型探索随访体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)在基线BMI与随访血压水平关系中的中介效应。运用logistic模型探索基线和随访时体重状态的变化与随访时血压偏高的关系。结果 基线时,5087名儿童平均年龄为8.9岁,男性占58.9%。在2年的中位随访时间后,血压偏高的发病率（95%置信区间）为8.5%(7.8%~9.3%)。在控制其它混杂因素后,基线BMI与随访收缩压和舒张压的总效应均有统计学意义（Ps<0.001）,但随访BMI的中介作用分别占73.6%和97.2%。相对于基线和随访时体重均正常的儿童,基线及随访持续超重肥胖（OR=2.592,P<0.001）及基线正常但随访超重肥胖的儿童（OR=1.649,P=0.013）更容易发生血压偏高;而基线超重肥胖但随访体重正常儿童发生血压偏高的风险没有增加（P=0.195）。结论 高BMI与儿童血压水平升高有关。基线超重肥胖但随访体重正常儿童相对于基线和随访体重均正常的儿童,血压偏高的发生风险没有增加。     

主观认知下降患者不同BMI水平与执行功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨主观认知下降（SCD）患者不同BMI水平与执行功能之间的相关性，及影响BMI的危险因素。方法 招募福建省福州市5个社区符合要求的174例SCD患者，根据BMI水平分为正常体质量组（18.5kg/m²≤BMI＜24kg/m²）、超重和肥胖组（24kg/m²≤BMI≤36.5kg/m²），并进行问卷调查、身体测量和Stroop色词测验。采用单因素分析比较不同BMI水平SCD患者执行功能，采用二元logistic回归模型分析影响SCD患者BMI的危险因素。结果 与正常体质量组相比，超重和肥胖组Stroop干扰量（SIE）反应时更长，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。二元logistic回归分析发现，男性患超重和肥胖的风险高于女性（OR=2.204, 95%CI:1.086~4.475, P=0.029），高血压患者患超重和肥胖的概率是无高血压患者的3.060倍（OR=3.060, 95%CI:1.194~7.838，P=0.020）。结论 与正常体质量组相比，超重和肥胖的SCD患者执行功能更差，而且受性别和高血压的影响。对男性SCD患者，控制高血压和体重可能可以有效预防其执行功能下降，降低患AD的风险。     

体质指数与健康相关生命质量关联性

目的研究湖北省≥18岁居民体质指数(BMI)与健康相关生命质量(HRQOL)的关系。方法于2013年运用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在湖北省共纳入研究对象27 814人。采用欧洲5维健康量表(EQ-5D)对居民HRQOL进行评价;分析不同BMI分组与HRQOL得分以及EQ-5D各维度之间的关系。结果不同性别低体重人群EQ-5D和EQ-VAS得分均低于正常体重人群,而超重或肥胖人群EQ-5D和EQ-VAS得分与正常体重人群没有明显差异。相对于正常体重者,不同性别低体重人群在EQ-5D各维度出现问题的风险均增加;超重男性出现"焦虑或抑郁"问题的风险降低(OR=0.776,95%CI=0.626～0.961),超重女性出现"疼痛或不适"的风险升高(OR=1.150,95%CI=1.105～1.303);不同性别肥胖人群出现"行动能力"和"自我照顾能力"方面问题的风险较大,且肥胖女性更容易出现"焦虑或抑郁"问题(OR=1.381,95%CI=1.028～1.856)。结论低体重人群HRQOL较差,超重和肥胖人群也存在一定的影响其生命质量的生理和心理问题。     

德清农村社区成人超重现况及其与空腹血糖异常的关系研究

目的了解当前农村社区成人居民超重状况及其与空腹血糖异常的关系。方法采用流行病学现况研究设计,整群抽取浙江省德清县4个农村社区,使用统一调查表面对面调查上述社区中所有18～64周岁的社区户籍居民5840人的一般人口特征和健康相关内容,同时测量身高、体重、空腹血糖等指标。利用Epidata 3.1中文版建立数据库,SPSS 16.0进行数据分析。结果在5840名调查对象中,平均BMI为22.7±11.6,超重率25.1%,肥胖率3.8%(按照2000年全国人口进行年龄性别标化,标化的超重率为21.8%)。从年龄分布看,无论男性还是女性社区居民的超重率均在35岁之后明显增加,表现出一定的年龄趋势(男:χ2趋势=5.61,P=0.018;女:χ2趋势=50.96,P<0.001;合并:χ2趋势=14.05,P<0.001)。校正了年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒和规律体育锻炼后,在多分类Logistic回归模型中,与非超重居民相比,超重与较高的空腹血糖受损和糖尿病风险有关,其调整OR(aOR)分别为1.8(95%CI 1.34～2.37)和3.7(95%CI 2.42～5.65),BMI每增加一个单位,空腹血糖受损和糖尿病的风险分别增加14%和24%(aOR=1.14,95%CI 1.10～1.20;aOR=1.24,95%CI 1.16～1.32)。结论德清农村社区成人居民超重率较高,超重既与糖尿病密切相关也与空腹血糖受损有关,值得进一步研究与监测。     

浙江省某市2002-2015年婴幼儿营养状况分析

目的 了解浙江省某市2002-2015年婴幼儿营养状况,分析有关影响因素。方法 利用该市电子医疗记录数据库,提取孕妇首次随访数据与婴幼儿体格检查数据。采用Z值评分对婴幼儿营养状况进行评价,应用Logistic回归探讨婴幼儿生长不良的影响因素。结果 在48 827名体检的婴幼儿中,低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、超重、肥胖率分别为1.43%、1.31%、1.90%、2.62%、0.34%。不同性别间肥胖发生率的差别具有统计学意义（χ2=5.164,P=0.023）。婴幼儿超重、肥胖检出率呈逐年下降趋势,低体重率呈上升趋势。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲高文化程度是婴幼儿低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦的保护因素;孕前体重指数（body mass index,BMI）较高是婴幼儿超重（OR=1.063,95%CI:1.057~1.069,P<0.001）、肥胖（OR=1.074,95%CI:1.060~1.088,P<0.001）的危险因素;高危妊娠是婴幼儿低体重（OR=2.214,95%CI:1.928~2.542,P<0.001）、生长迟缓（OR=2.543,95%CI:2.193~2.949,P<0.001）、消瘦（OR=1.211,95%CI:1.062~1.380,P=0.004）的危险因素。结论 该地区婴幼儿生长发育情况总体良好,但仍面临营养不良与营养过剩的双重问题。母亲孕前BMI、文化程度及是否高危妊娠是儿童生长不良的影响因素。     

潮州市居民肥胖状态与高血压关联强度的剂量-反应关系

目的 分析潮州市居民肥胖状态与高血压间的剂量-反应关系,为提出适宜的血压控制方案提供参考.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,对潮州市常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用Logistic回归分析模型探讨BMI、腰围与高血压患病的关联;采用基于限制性立方样条的Logistic回归分析模型分析BMI、腰围与高血压间剂量-反...     

孕前体质指数及孕期增重对新生儿出生体重影响的前瞻性队列研究

  目的   分析孕妇孕前体质指数(body mass index, BMI)及孕期增重(gestational weight gain, GWG)与新生儿出生体重的关联性, 并探究孕妇孕前及孕中体重动态变化对新生儿低出生体重(low birth weight, LBW)及巨大儿的影响。   方法   收集中国孕产妇队列·协和纳入的孕早期孕妇孕前体重, 并随访至分娩后, 收集分娩前体重及新生儿出生结局。将孕妇孕前BMI分为低体重组、正常体重组及超重/肥胖组, 将GWG分为适宜、不足及过多组。采用多因素多分类(多项)Logistic回归分析模型探讨孕前BMI及GWG与新生儿出生体重的关系。   结果   孕前BMI及GWG与子代出生体重相关(均有P < 0.05)。孕前超重/肥胖(OR=2.339, 95% CI:1.674~2.282, P < 0.001)、GWG过多(OR=1.398, 95% CI:1.188~1.978, P=0.048)显示为巨大儿的危险因素, GWG不足(OR=1.479, 95% CI:1.461~1.679, P=0.035)显示为LBW的危险因素, GWG过多会降低LBW的发生风险(OR=0.428, 95% CI:0.225~0.817, P=0.010)。低BMI-GWG不足(OR=1.335, 95% CI:1.048~2.319, P=0.048)是LBW的危险因素; 正常BMI-GWG过多(OR=1.088, 95% CI:1.016~1.675, P=0.038)和超重/肥胖-GWG过多(OR=1.498, 95% CI:1.244~2.017, P=0.046)是巨大儿的危险因素。   结论   孕前BMI及GWG是影响新生儿出生体重的重要因素, 提示女性应合理控制孕前及孕中体重变化。     

Obesity and height in urban Nigerian women with breast cancer

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between obesity, height, and breast cancer in an urban Nigerian population. METHODS: Between March 1998 and August 2000, we conducted a case-control study of hospital-based breast cancer patients (n = 234) and population-based controls (n = 273) using nurse interviewers in urban Southwestern Nigeria. RESULTS: The study did not find a significant association between obesity (BMI >/= 30) and breast cancer among all women (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.87-2.62) pre- (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.56-2.60) and post-menopausal breast cancer patients (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.78-4.31) in multivariate logistic regression analysis, while increasing height was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer among all women (OR = 1.05, 1.01 - 1.08), pre- (1.06, 1.01-1.10) and post-menopausal women (1.07, 1.01-1.13) for each cm. Age, irregular period, and early age of onset of periods were also found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION: This study failed to demonstrate an association between breast cancer risk and obesity while showing that height is positively associated with risk of breast cancer in urbanized Nigerian women.     

Obesity is associated with increased risk of allergy in Vietnamese adolescents

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergic diseases has remarkably increased in the last decades in tandem with the number of obese individuals. Results of studies on obesity and allergic diseases are controversial, and most of them are related to asthma and asthma-like symptoms. OBJECTIVE: In our study, we evaluated the association of several obesity indices and the prevalence of allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. RESULTS: From a total of 1185 adolescents (49.3% boys) aged 12 to 17 y old, 19.3% reported a physician-diagnosed allergic disease, and 35.3% reported undiagnosed allergic symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of allergy in children of middle (OR = 2.02, CI: 1.12-3.64) and high (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.25-4.61) compared to low socioeconomic status, in subjects reporting industrial emissions in the neighborhood (OR = 2.19, CI: 1.40-3.41), and in adolescents with parental history of allergy (OR = 1.92, CI: 1.26-2.92). Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were significantly related to allergy (OR = 1.16, CI: 1.01-1.34 for BMI; OR = 1.03, CI: 1.01-1.06 for %BF). After controlling for socioeconomic status, industrial emissions and parental history of allergy, only %BF remained statistically significant (OR = 1.03, CI: 1.01-1.06). Food allergy was not related to obesity in our study population, and when adolescents with food allergy were excluded from the analysis, the odds of having allergy increased 28% with each increase in SD of BMI (OR = 1.28, CI: 1.05-1.57) and 5% for each unit increase in the percentage of body fat (OR = 1.05, CI: 1.01-1.08). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, being overweight was associated with an increased risk of allergy in our study population. Our results point towards an association between being overweight and rhino-conjunctivitis, but not food allergy. No association was observed with other allergic diseases.     

Risk of ovarian cancer associated with BMI varies by menopausal status

Obesity has been linked to increased risk of several malignancies, but the role of obesity in the etiology of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between body size and risk of ovarian cancer. Participants included 427 women with primary, incident ovarian cancer and 854 cancer-free controls. All participants received medical services at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, NY between 1982 and 1998 and completed a comprehensive epidemiological questionnaire. The instrument included questions regarding height and usual wt prior to survey. Participants were classified as underweight/normal (BMI < or = 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (BMI > or = 30.0 kg/m2). Compared with underweight/normal participants, being overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI 0.77-1.36) or obese (adjusted OR = 1.17; 95% CI 0.84-1.65) was not significantly associated with an elevated risk of ovarian cancer. After stratification by menopausal status, BMI showed no significant association to ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women (> or = 50 y old). However, among premenopausal women (<50 y old), those classified as obese had a significantly increased risk (adjusted OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.19-4.04) compared with women classified as normal/underweight. These findings suggest a potential influence of menopausal status on the total endogenous hormonal environment, including estrogens, androgens, and insulin-like growth factors, when considering the association between body size and ovarian cancer risk. In light of the fact that obesity is a modifiable risk factor, further investigation on this topic is warranted.     

儿童肥胖对高血压发病率影响的随访研究

目的 探讨儿童肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变对其高血压发病率的影响.方法 采取前瞻队列研究的方法,抽取2004年北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征队列人群中2189名6～16岁血压正常儿童,于2010年12月对其随访,进行身高、腰围(WC)、体重和血压的测量.分别以体质指数(BMI)和WC作为评价超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖的指标.以不同肥胖状态组设置哑变量,以随访时点是否高血压作为结局变量,进行非条件logistic回归分析,分析基线肥胖状态及肥胖状态的改变与高血压发病率之间的关系,并计算相应的OR值及95%CI值.结果 共完成了1184名在校学生的随访,6年间高血压累积发病率为19.9%(236/1184).男性高血压发病率(23.2%,149/643)高于女性(16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).基线非超重组、超重组、肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为8.7%(45/519)、19.3%(35/181)、32.4%(156/484)(χ2=9.332,P<0.001),基线非肥胖组与腹型肥胖组随访期间高血压累积发病率分别为10.3%(63/613)、30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).基线肥胖组的高血压发病危险高于基线非超重组(BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4～7.0)和基线非肥胖组(WC:OR=3.9,95%CI:2.8～5.3);基线时BMI、WC水平相同时,随访时BMI、WC水平增加,高血压发病危险增加.控制年龄、性别,基线BMI和WC每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.21和0.07倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.21(1.16～1.26)和1.07(1.05～1.09);随访时BMI和WC改变量每增加1 kg/m2和1 cm,高血压发病风险分别增加0.16和0.05倍,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.16(1.11～1.22) 和1.05(1.03～1.07).结论 儿童肥胖及肥胖水平升高的改变会增加其高血压发病风险.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the impact of obesity level and the level change in childhood on hypertension incidence.Methods A perspective cohort study was conducted.As part of Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Study,2189 aged 6-16 year non-hypertensive children was followed up in December,2010.In this study,height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured at follow-up,and body mass index (BMI) and WC was respectively used to assess overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity.Non-conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline obesity status, change of obesity status and hypertension incidence. OR and 95%CI were computed in the model using obese status as dummy variable and hypertension at follow up visit as dependent variable.Results The total hypertension incidence of 1184 subjects during 6 years follow-up was 19.9%(236/1184).The hypertension incidence in male (23.2%,149/643) was higher than that in female (16.1%,87/541) (χ2=9.257,P=0.002).The hypertension incidence of non-overweight,overweight and obese children at baseline was 8.7%(45/519),19.3%(35/181) and 32.4%(156/484)respectively (χ2=9.332,P<0.001),and the incidence of non-obese and abdominal obese children at baseline was respectively 10.3%(63/613) and 30.7%(173/567) (χ2=77.753,P<0.001).Hypertension incidence in the baseline obesity group was higher than the non-overweight (BMI:OR=4.9,95%CI:3.4-7.0) and non-obese group (WC:OR=3.9,95%CI: 2.8-5.3).The hypertension incidence increased with the follow-up BMI/WC level,based on the same baseline level of BMI and WC.The hypertension risk increased to 0.21 and 0.07 times respectively with elevation of baseline BMI level by 1 kg/m2 and WC level by 1 cm,and OR(95%CI) were 1.21(1.16-1.26) and 1.07(1.05-1.09),respectively.Similarly,the hypertension risk increased 0.16 and 0.05 times respectively with the elevation of BMI level change by 1 kg/m2 and 1 cm,and OR (95%CI) were 1.16(1.11-1.22) and 1.05(1.03-1.07),respectively.Conclusion Obesity and increased obesity level change in childhood can increase the risk of incident hypertension.     

General obesity and central adiposity in a representative sample of Tehranian adults: prevalence and determinants

AIMS: To determine the prevalence and associations of general and central obesity in adults residing in district 13 of Tehran and to examine the associations of obesity with certain factors. DESIGN: Population-based cross sectional study. SETTING: Tehran, the capital of Iran. SUBJECTS: A total of 9984 subjects (4164 men and 5820 women) aged 20-70 years. METHODS: Demographic data were collected and anthropometric indices including weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were measured, according to standard protocols. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recall forms. To determine the prevalence and association of general and central obesity, the suggested cut-off for Tehranian people, adjusted for their age group, was used. A body mass index (BMI) of > or =24 for men and > or =25 for women was used to determine the characteristic of obesity. Central obesity was determined as a waist-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.86 for men and WHR > or = 0.78 for women. To determine the associations between general and central obesity and other factors, logistic regression was used. RESULTS: The means of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and WHR were 25.8 +/- 4.1 kg/m2, 88.3 +/- 11.4 cm, and 0.91 +/- 0.07 in men and 27.3 +/- 5.4 kg/m2, 87.5 +/- 12.9 cm, and 0.83 +/- 0.08 in women, respectively. Obesity and central obesity were higher in women than in men; 67% vs. 29% for obesity and 93% vs. 74.1% for central obesity, respectively. Illiteracy (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.13-2.41 in men; OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.59-2.21 in women), marriage (OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.63-4.29 in men; OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 3.63-4.19 in women), and very low physical activity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.09-1.53 in men; OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10-1.76 in women) were factors associated with obesity. The risk of being centrally obese for men in the fourth quartile of legumes intake was lower than men in other quartiles (p < 0.05). Women in the first quartile of dairy consumption had the highest risk of being generally and centrally obese (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.72-2.48 for general obesity and OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 2.36-3.67 for central obesity). The risk of obesity for women in the fourth quartile of energy and saturated fatty acid consumption was higher than for those in the first quartile (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.39-3.11 for energy and OR = 1.36, 95% CI= 1.10-1.64 for saturated fatty acids). The risk of being centrally obese was higher for women in the first quartile of protein intake compared with women in the fourth quartile (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.02-2.32). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this national population-based study in Iran show high prevalence of obesity in Tehranian adults. The strong associations between obesity and certain life style factors confirm the necessity of multifactorial intervention.     

Additive interactions of maternal prepregnancy BMI and breast-feeding on childhood overweight

OBJECTIVE: To examine the interactions of maternal prepregnancy BMI and breast-feeding on the risk of overweight among children 2 to 14 years of age. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The 1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Young Adult data in the United States were analyzed (n = 2636). The weighted sample represented 51.3% boys, 78.0% whites, 15.0% blacks, and 7.0% Hispanics. Childhood overweight was defined as BMI >/=95th percentile for age and sex. Maternal prepregnancy obesity was determined as BMI >/=30 kg/m(2). The duration of breast-feeding was measured as the weeks of age from birth when breast-feeding ended. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, children whose mothers were obese before pregnancy were at a greater risk of becoming overweight [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.6, 6.4] than children whose mothers had normal BMI (<25 kg/m(2); p < 0.001 for linear trend). Breast-feeding for >/=4 months was associated with a lower risk of childhood overweight (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4, 1.0; p = 0.06 for linear trend). The additive interaction between maternal prepregnancy obesity and lack of breast-feeding was detected (p < 0.05), such that children whose mothers were obese and who were never breast-fed had the greatest risk of becoming overweight (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.9, 13.1). DISCUSSION: The combination of maternal prepregnancy obesity and lack of breast-feeding may be associated with a greater risk of childhood overweight. Special attention may be needed for children with obese mothers and lack of breast-feeding in developing childhood obesity intervention programs.