异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

为观察异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉经过及苏醒情况,重点观察麻醉诱导插管及ＣＯ２ 人工气腹过程呼吸循环功能的变化,以探讨其优点和实用性。对３０ 例ＡＳＡ Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人,以芬太尼２ ～４μｇ·ｋｇ －１ 及异丙酚２ ～２ ．５ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １、卡肌宁０ ．５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ － １静注快速诱导气管插管,用微量泵持续静脉泵注异丙酚１０ ～１２ ｍ ｇ·ｋｇ －１·ｈ －１ 、２０ ～３０ ｍｉｎ 间断静注卡肌宁０ ．２５ ～０ ．５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ － １ 维持麻醉及肌松,连续监测Ｆｉｏ２、ＳｐＯ２ 、ＰＥＴＣＯ２ 、ＴＶ、Ｐｐｅａｋ 、ｍ Ｐａｗ 、ＨＲ、ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＥＣＧ 的变化。结果本组平均麻醉时间为７９ ．５ ±５ ．２ ｍｉｎ ,异丙酚平均总用量为６０５ ±１３５ ｍｇ ,诱导后插管前ＳＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ 分别下降３ ．６３ｋＰａ 、１ ．９８ｋＰａ 、１７ 次／ ｍｉｎ（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ,ＤＢＰ 也下降１ ．２５ｋＰａ（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ,完成插管后迅速回升;ＰＥＴＣＯ２ 、Ｐｐｅａｋ 、ｍ Ｐａｗ 在ＣＯ２ 气腹后１０ ～１５ ｍｉｎ 上升到最高值（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） ,并在气腹期维持在较高水平。全部病例均于拔管后     

5/6肾大部分切除大鼠甲状旁腺细胞凋亡的变化及钙三醇的调节作用

目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）大鼠甲状旁腺细胞凋亡的变化以及钙三醇的调控作用。方法：研究对象为ＳＤ大鼠，分３组：Ａ组：ＣＲＦ组；Ｂ组：ＣＲＦ加用钙三醇组，每天皮下注射钙三醇５０ｎｇ；Ｃ组：假手术对照组。术后８周，采用流式细胞术检测大鼠甲状旁腺凋亡细胞比率（ＡＰＯ）和细胞周期，同时检测血清肌酐（ＳＣｒ）、Ｃａ＋｛２＋｝、Ｐ＋｛３－｝、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、全段甲状旁腺素（ｉＰＴＨ）以及尿内生肌酐清除率（ＣＣｒ）。结果：Ａ组和Ｂ组大鼠ＣＣｒ均较Ｃ组下降了近一半；Ａ组ＡＬＰ和ｉＰＴＨ显著高于Ｂ组和Ｃ组（％Ｐ％＜０．０１），而Ｂ组和Ｃ组差异无显著性（％Ｐ％＞０．０５）；Ａ组ＡＰＯ、Ｓ期细胞比率（ＳＰＲ）和增殖指数（ＰＩ）分别为（０．２３±０．１９）％、（１１．９９±２．７３）％和（１６．９３±３．４２）％，Ｂ组分别为（１．３２±０．５１）％、（２．９５±１．５８）％、（５．２４±２．２９）％，Ｃ组分别为（１．２９±０．４５）％、（０．７３±０．４６）％、（１．７６±０．７０）％，Ａ组ＡＰＯ显著低于Ｂ组和Ｃ组（％Ｐ％＜０．０１），Ａ组ＳＰＲ和ＰＩ显著高于Ｂ组和Ｃ组（％Ｐ％＜０．０１），但Ｂ组ＳＰＲ和ＰＩ仍高于Ｃ组     

快速分离肝癌患者外周血树突状细胞

目的探讨从肝癌患者外周血中大量快速分离树突状细胞（ＤＣ）有效方法。方法自肝癌患者外周血中分离出单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）;ＰＢＭＣ与Ｇｍ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４共培养;检测培养前后ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及Ｂ７－２表达水平及ＤＣ诱导Ｔ细胞增殖能力。结果ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激选择性使ＰＢＭＣ中ＤＣ大量增殖,并通过增强ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及Ｂ７表达［从（１２．８±１．１）、（１５．１±１．０）增至１９．１±１．７）、（２１．６±１．５）,Ｐ＜０．０１］进一步增强ＤＣ免疫功能［由（６８２０±１４０）增至（１４０９０±１８０）ｍｉｎ－１,Ｐ＜０．０１］。结论联合应用ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４能够从肝癌患者血中制备出大量高免疫活力ＤＣ。     

卵巢功能早衰患者抗卵巢抗体及细胞免疫功能的测定

目的：探讨卵巢功能早衰（ＰＯＦ）患者细胞免疫功能的变化及其与抗卵巢抗体（ＡＯＡｂ）之间的关系。方法：检测３０例正常妇女（对照组）和３０例ＰＯＦ患者（ＰＯＦ组）的血清ＡＯＡｂ、外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及对卵巢抗原的白细胞促凝血活性（ＬＰＣＡ）。结果：对照组血清ＡＯＡｂ水平为１．３９±０．７２ｋＵ／Ｌ，ＰＯＦ组血清ＡＯＡｂ水平为６．８０±１．９１ｋＵ／Ｌ，两者比较，差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。与对照组比较，ＰＯＦ组ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋细胞百分率（分别为６５．４２±５．３１％和４４．７９±５．９０％）明显升高，ＣＤ８＋细胞百分率（２５．６３±４．２６％）明显降低，ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值（１．６６±０．２７）增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值升高者的ＡＯＡｂ阳性率（８５．７％，１８／２１），明显高于ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值正常者（３／９，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＯＢｂ阳性的ＰＯＦ患者ＬＰＣＡ水平上升，且与ＡＯＡｂ之间有非常显著的相关性（χ２＝８．３７８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＰＯＦ患者对卵巢抗原同时产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应，ＰＯＦ的发病可能与免疫因素有关     

异丙酚和咪唑安定对心内直视手术中心肌顿抑的影响

目的通过心肌酶学和过氧化物代谢的动态观察，比较异丙酚和咪唑安定静脉麻醉对心内直视手术中心肌顿抑的影响。方法将３０例先天性心脏病患者随机分为异丙酚（Ｐ）组、咪唑安定（Ｍ）组和对照（Ｃ）组，Ｐ组或Ｍ组麻醉诱导维持为异丙酚或咪唑安定、芬太尼；Ｃ组麻醉诱导和维持为安定和芬太尼，分别于术前、主动脉开放３０，６０ｍｉｎ和２４ｈ测定血清心肌酶学指标、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）。结果在主动脉开放３０ｍｉｎ时，Ｍ组肌酸激酶同功酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）和α－羟丁酸脱氢酶（ＨＢＤＨ）均明显低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｐ组和Ｍ组乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）在６０ｍｉｎ时均低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在２４ｈＰ组和Ｍ组ＬＤＨ、ＨＢＤＨ和ＣＫ－ＭＢ均低于Ｃ组；Ｍ组和Ｐ组ＳＯＤ分别于３０，６０ｍｉｎ明显高于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｐ组ＭＤＡ于３０ｍｉｎ和２４ｈ均降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论异丙酚和咪唑安定麻醉可降低心内直视手术中心肌酶的释放，降低过氧化代谢，表明两者可对抗心肌顿抑。     

LPO、MDA、SOD、GSH－PX测定对脑外伤高压氧治疗的疗效评估

对４０例脑外伤患者进行了高压氧治疗，并在治疗前后进行了血清过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）的测定。结果：治疗前ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ分别为：８．０４±１．２５（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、７．３５±０．２０（ｎＭ／ｍｌ）、８８．３０±１５．２０（Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）、１７１．５６±２８．２０（ｕ），治疗后为５．３５±１．７５（ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ），４．８５±１．２０（ｎＭ／ｍｌ），９７．４４±２１．０２（Ｎｕ／ｍｌ），１８８．８５±４５．５５（ｕ）。治疗前病人组ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ含量明显高于健康组，而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力则明显低于健康组。治疗后随着症状体征的消失，ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ明显降低，而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ逐渐升高，四项指标均向正常范围逆转。且ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ已接近正常值（Ｐ＞０．０５）．故ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ的测定可做为高压氧治疗脑外伤的有价值的疗效判断指标而用于临床。     

N－单甲基左旋精氨酸对犬冠脉内皮依赖性舒张功能及内皮素－1含量的影响

作者在开胸麻醉犬心脏上，观察冠脉内灌注Ｎ－单甲基左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ）５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，前后冠脉血流动力学、冠脉血流储备（以阻断冠脉１５ｓ再灌注所致的反应性充血血流峰值表示）以及冠脉对不同浓度乙酰胆硷（Ａｃｈ）反应的变化，同时用放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）测定冠脉前降支（ＬＡＤ）伴行静脉血中的内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）含量．结果证明，Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ灌注后心率下降，基础冠脉血流量（ＣＢＦ）下降（χ±ｓ，从２７±６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ下降至２０±８ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．０５），冠脉储备下降（χ±ｓ，从９１±１９ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ下降至５０±１０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．０１），平均主动脉压升高，ＥＴ－１含量明显升高（χ±ｓ，从６．５±１．０ｎｇ／Ｌ升至１５．５±３．０ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｃｈ引起的ＣＢＦ增加减弱（Ｐ＜０．０１）．实验结果提示，生理条件下犬冠脉一氧化氮（ＮＯ）形成对ＣＢＦ，冠脉储备有重要调节作用，同时可抑制冠脉ＥＴ－１释放．     

低密度脂蛋白-阿克拉霉素复合物抗小鼠肝癌H22的实验研究

形成小鼠皮下实体瘤型及腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２模型，观察低密度脂蛋白－阿克拉霉素（ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ）复合物和阿克拉霉素（ＡＣＭ）在荷瘤小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用。结果表明：（１）对照组Ｈ２２实体瘤瘤重为１．７４±０．６０ｇ，ＡＣＭ组为１．３０±０．５７ｇ，ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物组为０．８６±０．４４ｇ，与对照组差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），与ＡＣＭ组差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（２）对照组、ＡＣＭ组及ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物组荷腹水型肝癌Ｈ２２小鼠的平均生存时间分别为２４．６±７．５０ｄ，２３．４±７．６７ｄ和１７．１±３．４４ｄ。ＡＣＭ组和ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物组荷瘤小鼠存活期均明显长于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＬＤＬ－ＡＣＭ复合物组效果好于ＡＣＭ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

分枝杆菌多糖对小鼠造血功能的影响

观察了分枝杆菌多糖（ＭＰＳ）对环磷酰胺抑制ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠骨髓作用的影响。结果表明：给予ＣＰＡ使小鼠骨髓ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ抑制约３０％左右。１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的ＭＰＳ对ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ有促进作用（第１批实验ＣＰＡ对照组３１６．５±３４．６，实验１组４５４．５±１９．１，Ｐ＜０．０５；第２批实验ＣＰＡ对照组２０８．７±４３．７，实验２组４３７．８±５４．１，Ｐ＜０．０２）；而０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＰＳ无促进作用。在０．１５和１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量下，小鼠血清ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ活性水平明显提高；０．１５和１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＰＳ可分别刺激小鼠每０．１ｍＬ血清产生５００Ｕ和８５０ＵＧＭ－ＣＳＦ。分析认为ＭＰＳ与日本的Ｚ－１００活性水平相当，这些作用可能通过激活单核或Ｔ细胞而间接产生。     

慢性肾衰血透患者脂质过氧化损伤与NK细胞活性的临床相关分析

本文测定２３例慢性肾衰血透患者血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ及ＮＫ细胞活性。结果表明透前血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ及ＮＫ细胞活性分别为１０．８５±２．１１ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ、４０．２４±８．０ｕ／ｍｌ、２３．９１±５．４９ｎｍｏｌ／ｇＨｂ和２９．９２±６．０８％（正常对照分别为６．５３±０．６５ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ、７９．２５±７．６１ｕ／ｍｌ、１６．３３±３．６１ｎｍｏｌ／ｇＨｂ和５１．２１±８．３３％）。透后血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ分别为９．３８±１．５４ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ和５１．０７＋９．１６ｕ／ｍｌ，结果均与正常对照有显著差异；且透前、透后血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ也有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。它们之间的相关分析表明血浆ＬＰＯ与ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３２５１Ｐ＜０．０５、ｒ＝０．４１９１Ｐ＜０．０１），与ＳＯＤ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５１１９Ｐ＜０．０１）；血浆ＳＯＤ与ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５３５３、ｒ＝－０．４７６１Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＫ细胞活性与ＲＢＣ－ＬＰＯ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１３２Ｐ＜０．０５），与血浆ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ无相关。上述表明慢性肾衰血透患者有脂质过氧化损伤，ＳＯＤ酶活性下     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.