多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术在良恶性肺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT灌注成像在孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法29例孤立性肺结节（直径≤4cm，20例恶性，9例良性）患者，其中男性20例，女性9例，年龄28～76岁，平均年龄59．7岁。应用64排螺旋CT对孤立性肺结节行灌注扫描（造影剂总量100m1,流速4ml／s）。将动态扫描数据输入GE工作站（ADW4．2P），应用工作站随机Perfusion 3-体部肿瘤软件包分析和测定肺内病灶的血容积（BV）、血流量（BF）、平均通过时间（MTT）、表面通透性（PS）的数值和时间-密度曲线（time—density curve，TDC），并测量孤立性肺结节增强前的CT值、强化值、结节／动脉强化值比。结果肺恶性结节的灌注参数均高于肺良性结节，BF、BV、PS值均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），BV的差异最显著。以BV≥4ml／100mg为诊断阈值，结节BV≥4ml／100mg的诊断为恶性，敏感性95％、特异性100％。恶性结节的强化值和结节／动脉强化值比均明显高于良性结节（P=0．002．P=0．020）。结论动态对比增强CT提供了孤立性肺结节的血流模式的定量信息,可用于无创性的诊断和评价孤立性肺结节。     

螺旋CT血管成像和灌注成像技术对胃癌血供和血流动力学评价

目的研究螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）和灌注成像（CTPI）对胃癌血供和血流动力学评价及意义。方法选取经病理检查确诊的胃癌患者88例,其中63例采用体部灌注扫描序列行灌注扫描,分析血容量（BV）、血流量（BF）、表面通透性（PS）、平均通过时间（MTT）与胃癌局部分化、侵袭的相关性。27例患者行动态增强扫描,分析胃癌的位置及供血血管。结果 27例增强扫描患者中20例肝固有动脉、腹腔干、胃网膜右动脉、胃左右动脉应用容积再现（VR）可清晰显示,最大密度投影（MIP）显示细小血管,胃癌血供与肿瘤生长位置有密切关系,胃癌血管基本来自胃自身血管,BV、BF、PS、MTT与T分期差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;中高分化组与低分化组PS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与BF、BV、PS、MTT无明显相关（P〉0.05）。结论螺旋CTA能够清晰显像胃部肿瘤的血管及血供,提供了肿瘤与血管关系的观察,CTPI可显示胃癌局部分化、侵袭程度。     

股骨近侧端动脉的分布与吻合

通过动脉灌注,对100侧不同年龄(新生儿～67岁)尸体的股骨近侧端的血液供应进行了研究。囊外动脉环围绕股骨颈基部,由旋股内、外侧动脉组成,完整者占71％;囊内动脉环位于关节软骨缘滑膜下,由内侧、后、外侧和前颈升动脉组成,多见此环前部、后部和前、后部合并缺损,占74％。外骺动脉向关节软骨发出多级动脉弓,分布于股骨头的上、内、中央和外侧区。内侧颈升动脉分布于股骨头下后区。内骺动脉分布于有限的股骨头凹下区。关节软骨游离面由接近关节软骨缘和股骨头凹周缘的滑膜血管网及滑液营养,它的深部近骨—软骨接合处,由骺毛细管襻供给营养。上干骺部动脉分布于股骨颈外2/3,内侧颈升动脉和前、后颈升动脉短支分布于股骨颈相应区。在骺软骨骨化过程中,骺动脉与内侧颈升动脉在骨骺中建立一定的吻合弓。骺软骨板在成年骨化后消失,干骺部动脉穿入骨骺,与骺动脉建立广泛吻合。本文对股骨近侧端动脉的形态、行经、分布及其与临床的意义进行了讨论。     

110例高血压脑出血的手术疗效分析

目的 比较小骨窗显微镜下手术及CT引导血肿吸引治疗高血压基底节区出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析了110例高血压基底节区出血的临床表现、手术方式及疗效。结果小骨窗显微镜下手术58例，CT引导血肿吸引52例。两组年龄、术前血压、血肿量、术前GCS评分及发病至手术时间均无明显差异（P〉0．05）；血肿清除量：小骨窗组优于血肿吸引组（P〈0．01）；术后48h意识好转率：小骨窗组（77．6％）高于血肿吸引组（65．4％），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；再次出血率，CT引导血肿吸引组高于小骨窗显微镜下手术组（P〈0．05）。结论小骨窗显微镜下手术清除血肿充分、止血彻底，疗效优于CT引导血肿吸引术。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在肺癌与肺良性结节鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(Multi slice helical CT,MSCT)灌注成像在肺癌与肺良性结节鉴别诊断中的应用。方法:选取2014年1月-2014年6月在我院行多层螺旋CT(Multi slice helical CT,MSCT)灌注成像检查的患者100例,包括恶性结节患者44例,良性结节患者22例,炎性结节患者34例,观察CT灌注参数值与肺结节、肺癌病理分型的关系。结果:恶性结节、良性结节和炎性结节的血流量(Blood flow,BF)值和平均通过时间(Mean transit time,MTT)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。恶性结节、良性结节和炎性结节的血容量(Blood volume,BV)值和表面通透性(Permeability surface,PS)值比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中BV值:炎性结节最大、良性结节最小、恶性结节居中;PS值:恶性结节最大、良性结节最小、炎性结节居中。腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞肺癌的BV值、BF值、PS值和MTT值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但鳞癌的BF值显著低于腺癌和小细胞肺癌(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT灌注成像可参考灌注参数值的变化,鉴别肺癌与肺良性结节,具有重要的诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对脑肿瘤瘤周水肿的临床应用

目的探讨瘤周水肿的多层螺旋cT灌注成像（CTPI）在脑肿瘤诊断方面的应用价值。方法采用Sensation16层螺旋CT机对本院29例脑肿瘤患者（胶质瘤14例，转移瘤7例，脑膜瘤8例）行CTPI，分别测量不同瘤周水肿区以及对侧正常脑组织的脑血流量（CBF）、脑血容量（CBV）、肿瘤表面渗透性（PS）、对比剂峰值时间（timetopeak，TIP，并进行比较。结果转移瘤和脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的CBV、CBF显著低于对侧正常脑组织（P〈0．05），PS差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与对侧正常脑组织比较，胶质瘤瘤周水肿的CBV差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而PS明显升高（P〈0．05），CBF降低（P〈0．05）。胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑膜瘤3者瘤周水肿的TTP值均较对侧正常脑组织显著延长（P〈0．05）。结论脑肿瘤的CTPI检查能定量反映瘤周水肿区的血流动力学状况，对脑肿瘤的鉴别和预测预后有重要临床意义。     

桡骨下端骺线与骺软骨板的观测

为积累国人桡骨下端骨成熟情况的年龄变化资料，作者在成都地区拍摄的108个正常人左侧手腕部后前位X线片上，对桡骨下端的骺线与骺软骨板进行了观测。结果：1．骺软骨板完整，即尚未形成骺线者，男：18岁15．38％，17岁46．63％；女：18岁4．17％，17岁6．67％。已形成骺后者，男：18岁65．39％，17岁28．57％；女性：18岁91．67％，17岁80．00％。2．全部骺线的内侧端都是位于桡骨的尺切迹关节面内。3．骺线至桡骨腕关节面的垂直距离，男平均为7．05mm，女为5．88mm。4．同性别的18岁组与17岁组比较，各项测量结果均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；男和女比较，各项测量结果均有高度显著性差异（P＜0．005），且都是男大于女。     

CT研究寰椎正常发育与变异

背景：寰椎发育演变过程复杂,研究报道较少,CT成像能很好地显示寰椎解剖。明确寰椎正常发育过程、解剖结构、发育变异与畸形有着重要的临床意义。目的：利用CT影像解剖展示寰椎正常发育与变异。方法：收集厦门市儿童医院、厦门大学附属中山医院医学影像存档与通信系统内0-14岁患者的寰椎CT资料,最终纳入732例患者的CT资料,观察寰椎前弓及双侧椎弓骨化中心,椎弓、前正中、后正中骺板、横韧带结节及寰椎发育变异或畸形。结果与结论：（1）732例患者中,CT图像显示寰椎正常发育679例（占92.76%）;发育畸形或变异53例（占7.24%）,其中骨环不完整27例,出现副骨化中心及副骺板23例,寰枕关节畸形3例;（2）寰椎骨化中心3个,包括椎弓侧块2个和前弓1个,2个椎弓出现于胎儿期,1个前弓出现于生后2 d-2岁,中位年龄为6个月,四分位距为4-11个月;（3）寰椎骺板4个,包括椎弓骺板2个、前正中骺板1个、后正中骺板1个,2个椎弓骺板闭合中位年龄是6.2岁,年龄四分位距为4.5-7岁;前正中骺板出现率为37.43%,闭合年龄中位数为4.8岁,年龄四分位距为2.8-6.0岁;后正中骺板闭合年龄中位数为2...     

利用多层螺旋CT进行面神经管迷路段与面神经膝定位

目的探讨面神经管迷路段与面神经膝的位置关系,以及多层螺旋CT影像测量方法的可信性。方法对15例颅底标本面神经膝至内耳道底、弓状隆起、面神经管裂孔、棘孔、岩大神经与下颌神经交点、颈动脉管膝间的直线距离进行直接测量,并进行64层螺旋CT扫描。对颅底标本的扫描影像及118例病例的头颅CT影像资料进行相同项目的测量。对颅底标本两种测量方法,以及男女患者头颅CT影像资料的测量结果进行比较分析。结果标本直接测量与CT影像测量,两种方法所得结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。男女性问的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,左右两侧的差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论多层螺旋CT影像测量方法可靠,测得值可信,有助于医生对面神经管迷路段、面神经膝及耳蜗等解剖结构进行定位和保护。     

16层螺旋CT灌注成像在肝硬化中的临床应用研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT灌注成像在肝硬化中的临床应用研究价值。方法：2009年3月至2010年3月我院接受16层螺旋CT肝脏灌注扫描肝硬化患者5l例,男性39例,女12例,年龄26～79岁,平均年龄51．6岁。根据肝脏功能分级标准进行Child．Pugh分级将肝硬化病人进行分级：其中Child．PughA级33例;Child-PughB级9例;Child—PughC级9例。采用的设备为德国西门子公司Sensation16MSCT扫描系统;将重建后的原始数据采用仪器自带功能软件DynEva进行数据后处理,分别测得并计算出肝脏灌注参数：BV、BF、HAP、PVP、HPI,对所得结果采用SPSSl3．0统计学软件包对不同级别肝硬化之间的各个量化指标进行差异性比较,两组间比较采用t检验法（配对t检验）;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析的方法。结果：（1）主动脉时间．密度曲线（TDC）可分为基线、升段、降段、水平段。肝硬化患者Child-pughA、B、C三级曲线形式大致相似。（2）HAP值从Child—PughA级的（O．2482±0．0401）mL（Inin．mL）增加到C级的（0．3078±0．0326）mL／（min．mL）,HPI值从Child—PughA级的（0．2482±0．0401）mL（min．mL）增加到C级的（0．3078±0．0326）mL／（min．mL）。HPP值从Child．PughA级的（0．2641±0．0410）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．2144±0．0963）mL／（min．mL）。HBF值从Child—PughA级的（0．2974±0．1232）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．1856±0．1022）mL／（min．mL）。BV值从Child-PughA级的（0．9575±0．1283）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．6302±0．1033）mL／（min．mL）。结论：（1）MSCT灌注成像可对肝脏血流灌注参数定量监测。（2）肝脏血流灌注参数能够反映肝硬化的程度。     

Effects of multiple drilling on the ischemic capital femoral epiphysis of immature piglets

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of multiple drilling on the immature capital femoral epiphysis following ischemic injury in a piglet model.

Materials and Methods

Ischemic necrosis of capital femoral epiphysis was induced bilaterally in 12 piglets using a cervical ligation method. Three weeks later, medial, central, and lateral 3 drill holes were made on the left femoral head using 0.062" K-wire. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks following the multiple drilling, femoral heads were harvested from each three piglets. On histologic examination, percent of revascularization, percent of osteoblast surface, capital femoral epiphyseal quotient and proximal femoral growth plate height were evaluated. Untreated right femoral heads served as control.

Results

While percent of revascularization of left capital femoral epiphysis with multiple drilling was significantly higher than untreated control side (p<0.001), percent of osteoblast surface, capital femoral epiphyseal quotient and proximal femoral growth plate height showed no significant difference.

Conclusion

This study indicates that multiple drilling could promote revascularization of ischemic capital femoral epiphysis, and multiple drilling does not appear to produce bony physeal bars at short-term, if using small diameter drill. However, multiple drilling alone does not seem to prevent femoral head deformity or to promote new bone formation.     

基于MRI的成人正常膝关节软骨形态学测量

目的：了解正常膝关节软骨分布及股骨髁承重区的软骨厚度特点,为膝关节病变早期诊断和动态观察提供依据。方法：选取100名成人志愿者,男、女各50名,年龄20—30岁,平均25．3岁,膝关节均行MRI扫描。应用MIMICS软件对图像进行处理,在矢状位窗面上测量膝关节各部位软骨最大厚度。选择膝关节正常运动时的承重区,测量承重区域软骨的最大厚度并与其他区域进行比较。基于MRI图像行膝关节软骨三维重建,观察膝关节软骨的三维形态特征。结果：膝关节各部位的最大软骨厚度如下。胫骨外侧平台3．19mm,胫骨内侧平台3．07mm,股骨外侧髁2．93mm,股骨内侧髁3．19mm,股骨滑车软骨3．57mm,髌软骨3．75mm。不同性别与左右侧之间的软骨厚度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。胫股关节承重区软骨厚度大于其他区域,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：成人正常膝关节各区域软骨厚度不同,胫股关节承重区软骨厚度大于非承重区域。基于MRI可以准确地测量膝关节各部软骨的厚度及重建膝关节软骨的三维形态。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合血管内皮抑素治疗肝癌的试验及临床应用研究

目的了解经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合血管内皮抑素（Endostar）治疗兔VX2肝癌模型和临床原发性肝癌（HCC）患者后,肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及CT灌注参数（BF、BV、PS）的变化情况。方法 60例兔VX2肝癌模型均分为三组,单纯TACE治疗组、联合治疗组（TACE联合Endostar）、对照组。40例经病理证实的HCC患者均分为两组,单纯TACE治疗组和联合治疗组（TACE联合Endostar）。分析各组实验动物或病例在治疗前后病理免疫组化（VEGF、MVD）和CT灌注扫描（BF、BV、PS）的改变。结果治疗前,三组兔VX2肝癌模型、两组HCC患者在BF、BV、PS和VEGF、MVD方面差异均无统计学意义。治疗后,联合治疗组（兔VX2肝癌模型、HCC患者）的VEGF、MVD均较单纯TACE组降低,BF、BV、PS均较单纯TACE组升高,差异均存在统计学意义。结论 TACE联合Endostar可以有效抑制兔VX2肝癌模型和临床HCCTACE术后的新生血管的形成,降低肿瘤复发或转移的几率,提高治疗效果。     

襁褓体位对大鼠髋关节软骨中二型胶原、蛋白聚糖及金属基质蛋白酶-13表达的影响

目的：探索襁褓体位固定对大鼠髋关节发育及髋关节软骨中特异性基质二型胶原（ Colla-gen-Ⅱ）、蛋白聚糖（ Aggrecan ）及金属基质蛋白酶-13（ MMP-13）表达的影响。方法：将64只新生Wistar大鼠编号后随机分为实验组（33只）和对照组（31只）。实验组采用医用布胶带将新生大鼠双髋、双下肢伸直捆绑1周,对照组大鼠不做干预。相同条件下饲养至第8周时,拍摄两组大鼠骨盆正位X线片,解剖髋关节并测量股骨头横径、髋臼横径及股骨头高度、髋臼窝深度并进行比较,用Real-time PCR检测两组大鼠股骨头软骨、髋臼侧软骨中Collagen-Ⅱ、MMP-13、Aggrecan mRNA的表达。结果：造模至第8周时,影像学及髋关节解剖大体形态学显示,实验组大鼠股骨头、髋臼侧发育呈髋关节发育不良及关节退变表现;同对照组相比,实验组大鼠髋关节股骨头横径、髋臼横径及髋臼窝深度均明显短缩,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。 Real-time PCR结果显示,实验组大鼠股骨头软骨中Collagen-Ⅱ、Ag-grecanm RNA表达量较对照组明显降低,MMP-13 mRNA表达量较对照组明显升高（P＜0．05）;实验组髋臼侧软骨中Collagen-Ⅱ、MMP-13和Aggrecan mRNA的表达均较对照组显著升高（ P＜0．05）。结论：双下肢伸直襁褓体位捆绑可诱导新生大鼠髋关节发育不良并可继发髋关节退变,该退变机制可能由于在应力环境下关节软骨中具有软骨破坏作用的MMP-13 mRNA的表达上调,从而导致股骨头软骨基质中Collagen-Ⅱ、Aggrecan mRNA的合成降低所致。     

The morphogenesis of porcine femoral head mammillary processes: A structural mechanism of biomechanical stability

The capital femoral physis is a growth plate located between the head of the femur and femoral neck, which forms a temporary joint where growth plate cartilage is converted to bone by endochondral ossification. The bone-cartilage-bone interface develops a unique radial pattern of interdigitating mammillary processes that interlock the femoral head with the metaphysis, increasing biomechanical stability. The arrangement of these mammillary processes may not be a random occurrence and likely serves to provide mechanical mechanisms to enhance biomechanical stability. In this study, we provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of porcine femoral head mammillary processes and focus on the analysis of six key points of development: the epiphyseal tubercle, epiphyseal cupping, growth plate slope angles, expansion of the epiphyseal subchondral bone plate, epiphyseal elongation, and the emergence of smaller, radially arranged mammillary processes. We introduce a metric of surface roughness analysis to quantify mammillary processes and apply it to analyze the development of the observed radial pattern of peripheral mammillary processes from birth to adolescence. We hypothesized that these processes develop to form a radial pattern with some degree of periodicity beginning relatively early in development of the joint and increase in prominence with age and weight of the animal. These findings may have important implications in the early diagnosis and treatment of the hip disorder slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Underdevelopment of femoral head mammillary processes may reduce joint stability and could be a risk factor in SCFE.     

Epiphyseal and physeal cartilage vascularization: A light microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study of cartilage canals in newborn and young postnatal rabbit bone

The vascular pattern of newborn and early postnatal epiphyseal and physeal cartilage is integral to long bone development and differs from later postnatal patterns. In the present study, we supplement light microscopic histology with tritiated thymidine autoradiography to help assess the position of cartilage canals and the dynamics of cartilage vascularity in relation to growth. Tritiated thymidine labeling studies to assess cell proliferation activity were done by using 2 μc/g body weight intraperitoneal injections into newborn and 3-, 4-, and 7-day-old New Zealand white rabbits that were killed 1 hr after the injection. Proximal humeral, distal femoral, and third metatarsal epiphyses were assessed by routine histology and serial section autoradiography. Cartilage canals were seen in each epiphysis. Transphyseal vessels were seen in each epiphysis continuous from the epiphysis to the metaphysis or were present within the physis traversing the proliferating and hypertrophic cell zones. Histologic sections showed vessels from the perichondrium continuous with those of the epiphyseal cartilage canals at proximal humeral, distal femoral, and metatarsal epiphyses. Serial sections showed vascular buds and connective tissue cells lying in indentations at the periphery of and present within the epiphyseal cartilage. Autoradiographic studies showed extensive labeling of vessel wall cells and surrounding connective tissue cells of the cartilage canals (a) within the epiphyseal cartilage, (b) traversing the physis, and (c) within the epiphyseal cartilage but continuous with the perichondrial vessels. The labeling was always far more extensive than in the surrounding chondrocytes and was always present throughout the entire extent of the canals. In conclusion, the cell labeling activity strongly supports an active dynamic phenomenon underlying the vascularization of epiphyseal and physeal cartilage. Anat. Rec. 252:140–148, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Does the epiphyseal cartilage of the long bones have one or two ossification fronts?

Epiphyseal cartilage is hyaline cartilage tissue with a gelatinous texture, and it is responsible for the longitudinal growth of the long bones in birds and mammals. It is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. Epiphyseal cartilage also is called a growth plate or physis. It is protected by three bone components: the epiphysis, the bone bar of the perichondrial ring and the metaphysis. The epiphysis, which lies over the epiphyseal cartilage in the form a cupola, contains a juxtaposed bone plate that is near the epiphyseal cartilage and is in direct contact with the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal cartilage. The germinal zone corresponds to a group of cells called chondrocytes. These chondrocytes belong to a group of chondral cells, which are distributed in rows and columns; this architecture is commonly known as a growth plate. The growth plate is responsible for endochondral bone growth. The aim of this study was to elucidate the causal relationship between the juxtaposed bone plate and epiphyseal cartilage in mammals. Our hypothesis is that cells from the germinal zone of the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal cartilage are involved in forming a second ossification front that is responsible for the origin of the juxtaposed bone plate. We report the following: (a) The juxtaposed bone plate has a morphology and function that differs from that of the epiphyseal trabeculae; (b) on the epiphyseal edge of the epiphyseal cartilage, a new ossification front starts on the chondrocytes of the germinal area, which forms the juxtaposed bone plate. This ossification front is formed by chondrocytes from the germinal zone through a process of mineralisation and ossification, and (c) the process of mineralisation and ossification has a certain morphological analogy to the process of ossification in the metaphyseal cartilage of amphibians and differs from the endochondral ossification process in the metaphyseal side of the growth plate. The close relationship between the juxtaposed bone plate and the epiphyseal cartilage, in which the chondrocytes that migrate from the germinal area play an important role in the mineralisation and ossification process of the juxtaposed bone plate, supports the hypothesis of a new ossification front in the epiphyseal layer of the epiphyseal plate. This hypothesis has several implications: (a) epiphyseal cartilage is a morphological entity with two different ossification fronts and two different functions, (b) epiphyseal cartilage may be a morphological structure with three parts: perichondrial ring, metaphyseal ossification front or growth plate, and epiphyseal ossification front, (c) all disease (traumatic or dysplastic) that affects some of these parts can have an impact on the morphology of the epiphyseal region of the bone, (d) there is a certain analogy between metaphyseal cartilage in amphibians and mammalian epiphyseal cartilage, although the former is not responsible for bone growth, (e) comparative histological and anatomy studies are also warranted, to shed light on the phylogenetic study of epiphyseal cartilage throughout the changes that occur in the animal species.     

正常纵膈淋巴结的解剖学观测及MSCT影像学研究

目的:观测人体正常纵膈标本上各区淋巴结的形态、方位、数目和大小,并通过MSCT图像观测其数目和大小,提出MSCT正常纵膈淋巴结短径的参考值范围.方法:解剖观察38具成人尸体及70例志愿者胸部CT图像中纵膈各区最大径2mm以上淋巴结的数目、形态和最大淋巴结的长、宽和厚径,并记录其方位,并用t检验及Spearman等级相关分析诸要素的关系.结果:大体解剖显示,4R和6区的淋巴结数目较多,7区淋巴结最大,各区淋巴结的形态以类圆形为主.MSCT观测显示,纵膈各区淋巴结以4L和4R最多,分别为(3.50±2.10)枚及(3.40±1.96)枚;以7区淋巴结最大,最大横径为(4.89±1.84)mm;随着年龄的增长,MSCT显示的纵膈淋巴结数量也相应增加(P＜0.01),但年龄与淋巴结的大小没有显著相关性(P＞0.05).结论:通过尸体标本及MSCT观测,发现纵膈淋巴结分布、大小、形态及随年龄变化的一般规律,为临床相关疾病诊治提供依据.     

髋关节置换术后发生早期脱位的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响老年患者髋关节置换术后发生早期脱位的危险因素,为患者采用个性化治疗方案提供思路。方法收集2006年1月1日至2011年12月31日获得明确诊断并接受髋关节置换术治疗且有术后随访资料的老年股骨颈移位骨折患者共247例为研究对象,对8个可能与置换术后早期脱位发生有关的因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果通过比较发现,性别、手术方式、人工股骨头直径大小等因素在有脱位组与无脱位组的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.862)、手术方式为后外侧入路(OR=3.478)、人工股骨头直径为22 mm(OR=2.558)可作为预测置换术后早期脱位发生的独立危险因素(P0.05),而当股骨头直径大于或等于30 mm(OR=0.635)时则是保护性因素(P0.05)。结论置换术后早期脱位的发生与多个因素有关,建议术前、术中应将各危险因素纳入考虑并选择个体化最优治疗方案。