男女中学生体重与心理健康的研究

[目的]了解超重、肥胖与男女初中学生生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑、自我意识水平之间的相关性。[方法]对象为渠县某中学1818名初一和初二学生,用多维学生生活满意度量表、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表和儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组,分析男女及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异以及男女生BMI与4个量表评分的相关性。[结果]男生超重和肥胖检出率(21.5%和7.7%)显著高于女生(8.0%和2.8%)。体重正常组生活满意度评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),超重组抑郁评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。在女生中,体重正常、超重和肥胖3组的抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识评分的差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),肥胖组抑郁和焦虑评分显著高于体重正常组(P=0.012和P=0.035),肥胖组自我意识评分低于体重正常组(P=0.014),超重组抑郁评分高于体重正常组(P=0.025)。[结论]超重、肥胖检出率女生低于男生,但女生超重和肥胖者心理健康水平与体重正常者的差别较男生明显。     

超重、肥胖中专女生情绪症状和自我意识评定

目的 分析超重、肥胖对中专女生抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识的影响，为学校开展超重、肥胖女性青少年心理健康教育提供依据。方法 在某中专学校运用身高标准体重法界定35名肥胖、62名超重和100名正常体重女生，采用流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表、Zung焦虑评定量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识评定量表分别评定三组研究对象的抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识。结果 肥胖组抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为37．1％、22．9％，超重组为14．5％、6．5％，对照组为22．0％、7．0％。肥胖组抑郁症状检出率高于超重组，焦虑症状检出率高于超重组和对照组，差异均有显著性；肥胖组自我意识总分和3个分量表得分显著低于超重组和对照组，三组差异有显著性；超重组自我意识评分与对照组间的差异无显著性。结论 该中专学校肥胖女生的抑郁、焦虑状况较为严重，肥胖可能降低中专女生的自我意识。     

成都市儿童青少年饮食行为状况及其与超重肥胖关系研究

目的了解成都市儿童青少年的饮食行为状况,探讨饮食行为与超重肥胖的关系。方法采用整群抽样法,选取成都市7~15岁中小学生2179名,使用自行设计的食物频率问卷获得儿童青少年的饮食行为状况。同时对儿童青少年进行体格测量,判断其超重肥胖情况,并计算体脂百分比(PBF)和BMI Z-评分。结果女生中,肥胖组每周摄入含糖饮料的次数低于体重正常组和超重组(P=0.0406),超重肥胖合并组每周摄入零食的次数低于体重正常组(P=0.0304)。按照每周摄入食物次数的三分位数,将调查对象分为摄入频率低、中、高3组后发现,男生摄入零食的频率越高,其BMI Z-评分值越低(P=0.0278)。经常同父母共进晚餐的男生,其PBF和BMI Z-评分值均较高(P=0.0010和P=0.0339)。经常加餐的男生的PBF高于不常加餐的男生(P=0.0108)。而在女生中,经常吃早餐和经常同父母共进晚餐的女生,其PBF均较低(P=0.0004和P<0.0001)。结论不良饮食行为如常喝含糖饮料、不常吃早餐、不常同父母共进晚餐可能是儿童青少年超重肥胖的危险因素。     

单纯性肥胖对初中学生心理健康的影响

目的探讨单纯性肥胖对初中学生心理健康的影响。方法采用中学生心理健康诊断测验（MHT）对776名初中学生进行测查。结果男生肥胖检出率高于女生（X^2 （3） =17．631,P=0.001）;肥胖女生的心理健康水平低于男生（X^2 （3）=20．653,P=0．000）;肥胖男生心理问题发生率与其他组男生差异无统计学意义,而超重、肥胖女生则在学习焦虑、过敏倾向、身体症状和冲动倾向等方面问题发生率较其他组女生高,差异有统计学意义;肥胖学生心理问题在年级间差异无统计学意义。结论不同营养状况的初中学生心理健康水平存在性别差异,肥胖女生心理健康水平低于男生。     

2010—2015年老河口市高中毕业生身体发育及血压状况

目的了解湖北省老河口市高中毕业生身体发育及变化趋势,为其健康管理提供依据。方法对2010—2015年老河口市高中毕业生血压、身高、体重及体重指数(BMI)等监测结果进行分析。结果共计监测12 222名高中毕业生。男生平均身高为171.84 cm,各年度差异无统计学意义(F=2.142,P0.05);女生平均身高为160.05 cm,2010年最高,各年度差异有统计学意义(F=4.820,P0.01)。男生平均体重为62.65 kg,女生为53.00 kg,男女生各年度变化均有统计学意义(P0.01)。以BMI作为肥胖分级标准,学生正常体重者的比例为76.12%(9303/12 222),低体重、超重和肥胖分别为13.53%、8.46%和1.89%。女生正常血压比例高于男生,男生正常高值比例高于女生(P0.01)。结论老河口市高中毕业生身体发育正常,但要注意合理饮食,防低体重和超重两极现象。     

初中生抑郁焦虑与生活满意度及自我意识的相关性

目的了解初中学生抑郁和特质焦虑心理症状的检出率,分析心理症状与生活满意度以及自我意识的相关性。方法应用流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）、特质焦虑量表（T-AI）、多维学生生活满意度量表（MSLSS）和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准,对合肥市2所中学初一和初二学生4524名进行特质焦虑、抑郁、生活满意度和自我意识的评定,描述抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识异常的筛查情况,控制社会人口统计学因素后,分析生活满意度和自我意识与心理健康状况的相互关系。结果肯定有抑郁症状的学生占17.9%,特质焦虑检出率为5.3%,自我意识过低的学生比例为29.1%,自我意识过高的检出率为28.6%,抑郁、特质焦虑症状和自我意识异常检出率的性别差异无统计学意义。抑郁症状评分和特质焦虑评分呈正相关,生活满意度和自我意识评分均与抑郁、特质焦虑评分呈显著负相关。结论抑郁和特质焦虑水平较高的学生生活满意度和自我意识水平较低,抑郁和特质焦虑水平较低的学生,生活满意度和自我意识水平较高。     

宝鸡市区学龄前儿童体格发育与营养状况调查分析

目的评估宝鸡市区学龄前儿童体格发育及营养状况。方法采用分层随机方式抽取宝鸡市区6616名学龄前儿童,测量身高和体重,并计算体质指数(BMI)。依据2009年9省/市儿童数据所制定的标准评估营养情况。结果除3～岁组外,各年龄组男生身高、体重均显著高于女生(P 0.01);各年龄组男生BMI显著高于女生(P 0.05)。生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、超重和肥胖检出率分别为1.3%、1.0%、2.1%、15.0%和5.9%。男女生生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),男生超重和肥胖检出率显著高于女生(P 0.01)。不同年龄间营养状况检出率差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。超重-肥胖比为2.5。结论宝鸡市区学龄前儿童营养状况总体良好,营养不良检出率低,但儿童超重、肥胖率较高,今后需要多关注。     

北京地区不同营养状况初中毕业生血压状况

目的 了解不同营养状况青少年血压水平,为开展成年期心血管疾病早期预防提供理论依据.方法 对北京市东城区初三学生958名进行身高和体重测量,根据身体质量指数（BMI）分为体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组,用台式水银柱血压计测量血压.结果 随BMI增加,男女生血压水平升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;肥胖组男女生高血压检出率高于超重组和体重正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;超重和肥胖组高血压检出率男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 应加强对超重肥胖儿童青少年的早期干预,进一步做好心血管疾病的早期预防.     

天津市大学生体质量指数与身体素质的关联性

探讨大学生体质量指数(BMI)和身体素质间的关联性,为高校学生身体素质的提高提供参考.方法 对天津市49所大学(大专)1 834名大学生进行体质健康测试.选用Pearson偏相关系数探讨不同类别大学生BMI和身体素质间的关联.结果 男、女生超重和肥胖总体发生率分别为3.77%和0.77%,体重偏低发生率分别为8.07%和12.21%.男、女生身体素质总分和总体BMI值的Pearson偏相关系数分别为-0.27,-0.17(P值均<0.01).BMI正常组男生的身体素质总分和BMI的相关无统计学意义(P>0.05),BMI超重组和肥胖组中男生的身体素质总分和BMI呈现负相关.BMI偏轻组、正常组及超重组的女生中,身体素质总分和BMI间的偏相关均无统计学意义,肥胖组女生的BMI和身体素质总分呈负相关.男、女生超重组和肥胖组BMI与1 000 m/800 m成绩呈正相关,体重偏轻组与立定跳远成绩呈负相关;男生超重组与引体向上成绩、女生超重组及肥胖组与仰卧起坐成绩呈负相关(P值均<0.05).结论 超重和肥胖对耐力和肌肉耐力成绩的负影响明显,体重偏轻对下肢爆发力的正影响明显.     

2014年南充市中小学生身高、体重及体重指数分析

目的了解四川省南充市儿童青少年身高、体重及体重指数状况,为采取针对性健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取南充市2个地区4所中小学,共1 171名年龄在7~18岁的学生,测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)进行评价,分析比较城乡、性别、年龄差异。结果男生身高、体重均高于女生,身高性别差异从14岁开始体现,体重性别差异在8~9岁及15岁以后体现;城市学生的身高、体重均高于农村,身高城乡差异从12岁开始逐渐减小,到17岁后基本消失,体重城乡差异在9~12岁最显著。BMI评价结果发现超重178人(15.20%),肥胖101人(8.63%),轻度消瘦27人(2.31%),中重度消瘦14人(1.20%);评价结果与性别、城乡有关联(P0.001),不同年龄组也有差异(x~2=57.902,P0.001),超重和肥胖检出率男生高于女生,城市高于农村,7~12岁年龄组高于13~18岁组,超重和肥胖检出率最高的是城市小学男生(33.33%和28.67%)。结论南充市中小学生的超重、肥胖检出率已接近我国发达城市水平,在进一步加强农村中小学生营养补充的同时,应特别关注城市小学男生的超重肥胖问题,针对性地开展预防措施。     

Racial differences in the tracking of childhood BMI to adulthood

OBJECTIVE: The possibility that there are racial differences in the patterns of BMI (kilograms per meter squared) change throughout life has not been examined. For example, the high prevalence of obesity among black women could result from a higher prevalence of obesity among black girls or because normal-weight black girls experience larger BMI increases in adolescence or adulthood than do their white counterparts. Therefore, we examined the tracking of childhood BMI into adulthood in a biracial (36% black) sample. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Five- to 14-year-old children (2392) were followed for (mean) 17 years. Childhood overweight was defined as BMI > or = 95th percentile, and adult obesity was defined as BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: The tracking of childhood BMI differed between whites and blacks. Among overweight children, 65% of white girls vs. 84% of black girls became obese adults, and predictive values among boys were 71% (whites) vs. 82% (blacks). These racial differences reflected contrasting patterns in the rate of BMI change. Although the initial BMI of black children was not higher than that of white children, BMI increases with age were larger among black girls and overweight black boys than among their white counterparts. In contrast, relatively thin (BMI < 50th percentile) white boys were more likely to become overweight adults than were their black counterparts. DISCUSSION: These findings emphasize the black/white differences in BMI changes with age. Because of the adult health consequences of childhood-onset obesity, early prevention should be given additional emphasis.     

不同方法评价乌鲁木齐市新市区儿童青少年超重和肥胖及其体成分差异

目的 分析乌鲁木齐市新市区6~15岁儿童青少年体成分的发育规律及其在超重肥胖儿童青少年间的差异;探讨体重指数(BMI)及体脂两种方法评定超重肥胖的不同,对早期发现儿童青少年超重肥胖及制定改善措施提供参考。方法 2019年1月纳入乌鲁木齐市儿童青少年907人;采用儿童青少年体成分分析仪测量体成分、计算BMI-Z分值;超重肥胖评定参考WS/T586-2018。结果 6~15岁儿童青少年除男生体脂率外,男女生各体成分指标随年龄变化均存在线性趋势(P<0.05),BMI-Z评分男生高于女生(P<0.05);男生体脂百分比随年龄增长呈先上升后下降变化,女生在11岁时体脂百分比(BFP)超过男生(P<0.05)。BMI及BFP评价超重率及肥胖率分别为11.5%和9.0%、14.1%和20.5%;其中BMI正常组有7.6%和3.1%的少儿BFP评定为超重和肥胖;在BMI超重组有49.5%的少儿BFP评定为肥胖。各体成分在超重与肥胖组均高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论 儿童青少年体成分随年龄增长而增加且有性别及年龄差异;不同方法评定超重肥胖率略有不同,提示BMI评定肥胖标准易低估体脂胖肥儿童青少年;其超重和肥胖组各体成分均高于正常组。     

上海市小学高年级学生近视与营养状况的相关性

  目的  探索上海市小学高年级学生近视与营养状况的关联,为开展儿童青少年近视防控提供依据。  方法  采用多层整群抽样的方法选取上海市16个区四至五年级5 576名学生进行视力检查、体格测量和问卷调查。分别采用两水平多因素Logistic回归和混合线性模型分析近视和等效球镜度数与营养状况的关联。  结果  高年级学生超重、肥胖检出率分别为17.0%(949名)和18.7%(1 042名),男、女生营养状况构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=210.94,P < 0.01),男生超重、肥胖占比高于女生。超重男生更倾向于发生近视(单因素:OR=1.23,P=0.04;多因素:OR=1.21,P=0.06);超重学生屈光度低于体重正常学生(多因素,男生:β=-0.19,女生:β=-0.24,P值均 < 0.05)。肥胖学生近视风险和屈光度与体重正常学生差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。  结论  上海小学高年级超重学生屈光度低于体重正常学生,需更多的研究验证儿童青少年近视和营养状况间的关联,为近视防控提供理论依据。     

Obesity rates among rural Ontario schoolchildren

BACKGROUND: The majority of existing studies of obesity risk among Canadian children come from urban populations. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of obesity in a sample of rural Ontario children. METHODS: Measures of height and weight were obtained for 504 children attending seven public elementary schools in Grey and Bruce Counties, a predominantly rural area of Southern Ontario. Body mass index (BMI, or weight/height2) scores were calculated and compared with reference data from the Centers for Disease Control. RESULTS: Rates of overweight and obesity were high in this sample, with 17.7% of children classified as overweight and 10.9% classified as obese. There was a significantly high prevalence of overweight for both boys (17.8%) and girls (17.5%) (Chi-square = 75.70, p < 0.001). However there was a significant gender difference in obesity prevalence: 15.0% of boys were obese, compared with 6.8% of girls (Mann-Whitney U = 29133.0, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that among rural children--particularly boys--risk of overweight and obesity are at least as high as in their urban Canadian counterparts. There appear to be fewer girls than boys at the extreme high end of the distribution of BMI, which may indicate differences in the growth environment of rural boys and girls.     

开封市中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的关联

目的 探索开封市中学生超重、肥胖与血压偏高之间的关联,为相关部门制定有效的干预措施提供依据.方法 2019年9-10月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,选取开封市4058名中学生进行血压、身高、体重的测量,分析超重肥胖与血压偏高的关系.结果 中学生血压偏高率为11.78％.与正常体重相比,超重(OR=1.65)和肥胖(...     

肥胖、超重青少年通气功能与体成分关系

目的了解肥胖、超重和体重正常青少年的通气功能差异,探讨体成分对通气功能的影响.方法对研究对象测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,采用中国肥胖问题工作组肥胖、超重筛查标准,对筛选出的肥胖(64人)、超重(56人)和对照(75人)3组青少年进行体成分和通气功能测定.结果3组青少年用力肺活量(FVC)测量值肥胖组＞超重组＞对照组,差异无统计学意义(F=25.213,P=0.000).单位体重深吸气量(IC)、单位体表面积最大通气量(MVV)均表现为对照组＞超重组＞肥胖组,差异有统计学意义(F=10.316,P=0.000;F=9.660,P=0.000).3组青少年小气道功能差异无统计学意义.肥胖、超重男生体重及瘦体重含量与通气功能呈显著正相关,肥胖男生腰围、体脂百分比与通气功能呈负相关;肥胖、超重女生体质指数(BMI)与通气功能呈负相关.结论与对照相比,肥胖、超重青少年通气功能有一定影响,小气道功能差异无统计学意义.肥胖、超重男生瘦体重对通气功能有正性作用,体脂百分比对肥胖男、女青少年通气功能有负性作用.中心性体脂分布模式对男生通气功能有负性影响.     

Changing relationships of obesity and dyslipidemia in Greek children: 1982-2002

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been increasing rapidly during the past decades in many parts of the world. Less is known with respect to the effects of increasing adiposity on blood lipid profile. The present study was designed to examine the influence of adiposity on secular trends in anthropometric characteristics and plasma lipids of Greek children. METHODS: A total of 419 and 374 boys with normal body weight and 109 and 246 boys with abnormal body weight (overweight and obese) were randomly recruited in 1982 and 2002, respectively (aged 12.1 +/- 0.1 years). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), Rohrer index (kg/m(3)), plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), TC/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were determined. RESULTS: Temporal changes in weight (positive), BMI (positive), HDL-C (negative), and cholesterol ratios (positive) were greater among overweight and obese vs. normal-weight boys (P < 0.05), while those for height (positive), LDL-C (positive), TG (positive), and TC (no change) were of similar magnitude. The increase in Rohrer index since 1982 failed to reach significance for children with normal body weight (P = 0.077) but did so for overweight and obese subjects (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that secular increases in measures of fatness and adverse changes in plasma lipids were more pronounced among overweight and obese children than among normal-weight individuals, although qualitatively similar shifts were observed across the entire population.     

Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey, 1995

This study is a secondary data analysis based on the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). A random subsample of 1581 school children aged 7-15 years old from the NNS was studied. The results show the prevalence of overweight, obesity and combined overweight and obesity was 10.6-20.9%, 3.7-7.2% and 15.6-25.7%, respectively. The odds ratio of overweight or obese boys with highest household income was significantly smaller than those with the lowest household income. The proportion of combined overweight and obesity in children whose parents were overweight or obese was significantly greater compared with those whose parents were not. The trend of increasing prevalence of overweight or obesity among children with increasing parental body mass index (BMI) was significant after adjusting for age except the trend of father's BMI for boys. This study provided baseline data on the recent prevalence of overweight or obesity of Australian school children using new international absolute BMI cut-off points. It indicated that young school girls (7-9 years) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with boys, the prevalence rates of overweight or obesity in older boys (13-15 year) was significantly greater than in other age groups while in girls it was the opposite. The boys with lowest household income ($0-17 500) were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with those with the highest household income (greater than $67 500). Having parents especially mothers who were overweight or obese may increase the risk of children being overweight or obese.     

The relation of body mass index to depressive symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Data from the 1995 Nova Scotia Health Survey were analyzed to determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). METHODS: Clinical measures for height and weight and CES-D scores were available for 2,482 subjects from an initial sample of 5,578 Nova Scotians stratified probabilistically to be representative of age, gender and area of residence. BMIs were categorized according to the international standards (BMI 18.5-24.9 acceptable weight; 25-29.9 overweight; > or = 30 obese). RESULTS: More men than women were classified as overweight (43.2% vs. 28.3%) but slightly more women than men were obese (25.6% vs. 23.4%). Based on the summary score of the CES-D, 14.2% were categorized as at risk for depression (> or = 16). Logistic regression indicated that lower education (p < 0.001) and income (p < 0.001), and BMI category (p < 0.05) were all significantly related to an increased risk of depression. The odds ratio for the association between obesity and depression, after controlling for education and income, was 1.41 [95% CI = 1.07-1.86]. DISCUSSION: More studies are needed to ascertain the mechanism by which obesity and depression could be related and the significance of this relation for the prevention and treatment of both obesity and depression. Given the effects of depression, we suggest that health professionals should assess their obese patients for risk of depression before embarking on a weight management protocol.     

Dietary factors and body mass index in a group of Iranian adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study--2

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an adolescent population in Tehran and to determine possible association with energy and nutrient intake and distribution of energy over the day. METHOD: A cross-sectional study on 177 boys and 244 girls between 10-19 years old was performed. Overweight and obesity were defined by using recommended body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for adolescents. Total energy intake, percent of energy derived from protein, carbohydrate and fat and percent of energy supplied by each meal and snack were assessed by means of two 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7 and 5.1 in boys and 18.4 and 2.8 in girls, respectively. The composition of diet was not different between overweight/obese and normal weight subjects. BMI was related with breakfast energy percentage in girls (r = -0.18, p < 0.01), with total energy intake in boys (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), and with lunch energy percentage in both sexes. In boys (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) and in girls (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was seen. In boys some relationship between total energy intake, distribution of energy over the day and BMI was seen. In girls BMI was only related with distribution of energy over the day.