髓芯减压硫酸钙人工骨植入治疗老年非创伤性股骨头缺血坏死的远期疗效

目的探讨髓芯减压硫酸钙人工骨植入治疗老年非创伤性股骨头缺血坏死安全性及远期疗效。方法老年非创伤性股骨头缺血坏死患者56例采用髓芯减压硫酸钙人工骨植入手术进行治疗,记录手术时间,术中出血量及围术期并发症。术后随访12个月,评估术后优良率及影像学稳定率。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评估术前术后患者疼痛评分差别。结果均顺利完成手术,无围术期死亡病例及严重并发症。平均手术时间为(33.4±11.2)min,术中出血量为(18.6±5.3)ml。术后3和12个月髋关节功能Harris评分优良率显著高于术前(P0.05)。术后3和12个月髋关节行Ficat骨坏死分期标准评定髋关节稳定率显著高于术前(P0.05)。患者术后疼痛评分(VAS评分)开始逐渐降低,术后12个月VAS评分显著低于术前(P0.05)。结论髓芯减压硫酸钙人工骨植入治疗老年非创伤性股骨头缺血坏死远期疗效确切,术后关节功能恢复良好。     

多孔细针髓心减压及钽棒支撑植入治疗早期股骨头坏死的疗效比较

目的比较多孔细针髓心减压及钽棒支撑植入治疗早期股骨头坏死的疗效。方法选择早期股骨头坏死患者27例,随机分为多孔细针减压组13例、钽棒支撑植入组14例,分别进行多孔细针减压、钽棒支撑植入治疗;分别记录术前、术后12个月的Harris评分,观察术后早期和晚期并发症,行X线、MRI检查评估患者病情的进展情况。结果 27例患者均获12～24个月随访、平均15个月。两组术后12个月的Harris评分较术前均有明显提高(P均<0.05),两组术后12个月的Harris评分比较无统计学意义。随访期内未出现相关并发症。结论多孔细针髓心减压及钽棒支撑植入治疗早期股骨头坏死的短期疗效无明显统计学意义。     

髓芯减压联合干细胞移植对股骨头坏死患者血清PINP、CTX、OST水平的影响

目的探讨髓芯减压联合干细胞移植对股骨头坏死患者血清Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(CTX)、骨钙素(OST)水平的影响。方法选取股骨头坏死患者42例,根据国际骨循环研究会(ARCO)分期,Ⅰ期26例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期7例,予髓芯减压术的同时植入体外分离的骨髓间充质干细胞治疗。治疗结束后,经随访1年对比治疗前后患者血清PINP、CTX、OST水平变化及疗效。结果 1与治疗前比较,治疗后1个月起患者髋关节Harris评分逐渐升高,坏死体积与股骨头体积比明显下降(P0.05);2治疗后患者血清PINP、CTX、OST水平较较治疗前明显下降(P0.05)。结论髓芯减压联合干细胞移植能够明显恢复骨组织血液供应,平衡骨组织代谢,降低血清PINP、CTX、OST水平,改善患者症状,提高临床疗效。     

全髋关节置换联合中医康复疗法对老年股骨缺血性坏死患者髋关节功能的影响

目的探讨全髋关节置换联合中医康复疗法对老年股骨缺血性坏死(ANFH)患者髋关节功能的影响。方法 ANFH老年患者74例行数字标注双盲法电脑随机性分组,对照组37例,实施全髋关节置换手术处理;观察组37例,在全髋关节置换治疗基础上实施中医康复疗法干预;持续随访观察12个月,对比两组髋关节功能恢复效果。结果两组治疗干预之后,ANFH患者疼痛、关节活动度、步行能力、生活能力评分均均较治疗前明显提升(P<0.05);其中两组术后3个月内疼痛、关节活动度、步行能力、生活能力评分改善幅度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后6、12个月疼痛、关节活动度、步行能力、生活能力评分改善幅度显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗干预1、3、6、12个月髋关节功能恢复效果均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论全髋关节置换联合中医康复疗法治疗老年ANFH疗效确切,可在短时间内改善患者髋关节功能,利用中医康复在老年患者的优势,减少治疗风险。     

多孔减压加金葡液注入治疗早期股骨头坏死

目的探讨更有效的早期治疗股骨头坏死的方法。方法采用多孔减压加金葡液注入法治疗该病患者82例(118髋)。结果经过6～68个月的随访，0期33髋，中20髋病变未进展．其余13髋中，进展为Ⅰ期8髋、Ⅲ期5髋，从症状出现至股骨头塌陷时间平均52个月；Ⅰ期76髋，病变静止30髋，进展为Ⅱ期22髋。转为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期24髋。平均塌陷时间41个月；Ⅱ期9髋，病变静止3髋，6髋转为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期，平均塌陷时间32个月。结论多孔减压术加局部注射金葡液可以较长时间缓解股骨头坏死的症状，延长股骨头坏死进程及塌陷时间。     

多孔减压加金葡液注入治疗

目的探讨更有效的早期治疗股骨头坏死的方法.方法采用多孔减压加金葡液注入法治疗该病患者82例(118髋).结果经过6～68个月的随访,0期33髋,中20髋病变未进展,其余13髋中,进展为Ⅱ期8髋、Ⅲ期5髋, 从症状出现至股骨头塌陷时间平均52个月;Ⅰ期76髋,病变静止 30髋,进展为Ⅱ期22髋,转为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期24髋,平均塌陷时间41个月;Ⅱ期9髋,病变静止3髋, 6髋转为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,平均塌陷时间32个月. 结论多孔减压术加局部注射金葡液可以较长时间缓解股骨头坏死的症状,延长股骨头坏死进程及塌陷时间.     

微创钻孔联合带血管蒂髂骨瓣打压植骨治疗股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的观察微创钻孔联合带旋股外动脉升支血管蒂髂骨瓣打压植骨治疗股骨头坏死的疗效。方法 35例（38髋）股骨头坏死患者中,股骨头坏死国际分期（ARCO）Ⅱ期19例（共21髋）、Ⅲ期16例（共17髋）,均采用微创钻孔联合带旋股外动脉升支血管蒂髂骨瓣打压植骨治疗。采用Harris评定法评定髋关节功能。结果术后随访24～48个月。髋关节功能优良27例（30髋）,可6例（6髋）,差2例（2髋）,优良率为78.95%。其中ARCO分期Ⅱ期者优良率为90.48%,Ⅲ期者优良率为64.71%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者优良率比较,P〈0.05。结论微创钻孔联合带旋股外动脉升支血管蒂髂骨瓣打压植骨可有效治疗股骨头坏死,尤其对早期患者。     

自体骨髓干细胞移植联合髓心减压治疗老年缺血性股骨头坏死临床疗效

目的 探讨髓心减压术联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗老年缺血性股骨头坏死(ONFH)的临床疗效.方法 老年缺血性ONFH患者70例,分为观察组46例(52髋)和对照组24例(27髋).对照组仅进行髓心减压松质骨植入,观察组在髓心减压的同时进行松质骨植入和自体骨髓干细胞移植.分别于术后3、6、12个月对比分析两组术后Harris功能评分、X线及磁共振成像(MRI)坏死面积.结果 与对照组相比,观察组治疗后6、12个月Harris功能评分明显增高(P＜0.01);治疗后3、6、12个月MRI坏死面积明显减小(P＜0.01).结论 髓心减压术联合自体骨髓移植治疗老年缺血性ONFH的临床疗效优于单纯采用髓心减压术.     

新型七孔分区减压法治疗成人早期股骨头坏死的疗效观察

目的探讨分析新型七孔分区减压法对成人早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性病例对照分析方法,选取2015-05~2016-10收治该院的成人早期股骨头坏死患者55例,Ⅰ期(ARCO标准) 26例30髋,Ⅱ期29例35髋。采用新型七孔分区减压治疗者(新型组) 20髋,传统三孔减压治疗(传统组) 25髋,药物保守治疗者(保守组) 20髋。随访1年,评估并比较各组临床疗效。结果三组患者均完成治疗并获得有效随访。至末次随访,新型组、传统组及保守组Harris评分均较治疗前获得明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001),且新型组Harris评分优于传统组及保守组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。末次随访X线检查,新型组股骨头塌陷发生率低于传统组及保守组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论新型七孔分区减压法治疗成年人早期股骨头坏死具有明显优势,有助于改善髋关节功能,延缓股骨头坏死塌陷。     

中青年髋关节疾病行金属对金属全髋关节表面置换术的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨中青年髋关节疾病患者行金属对金属人工全髋表面置换术的可行性.方法 选择各类髋关节疾病患者28例（35髋）,年龄28 ～ 54岁,平均42岁;其中股骨头缺血性坏死16例、骨性关节炎5例、先天性髋关节发育不良4例和创伤性关节炎3例.患者均行混合型金属人工全髋表面置换术,术后检查髋关节功能、计数Harris评分、评估疼痛程度、观察髋关节影像学形态.结果 28例平均随访34个月,髋关节功能优32髋,良2髋,可1髋,优良率96.9％.未发现股骨颈骨折、股骨头坏死及假体固定失败等并发症.结论 金属对金属全髋关节表面置换术治疗中青年髋关节疾病近期疗效满意,可作为传统全髋置换术的过渡性手术.     

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/polylactide-co-glycolic acid (rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis

Objective:To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/polylactide-co-glycolic acid(rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.Methods:Bilateral femoral head necrosis models of rabbit were established by steroid injection.A total of 48 rabbits(96 femoral head necrosis) were randomly divided into 4groups:Group A,control group with12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group B,treated with rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group C,treated with rhBMP-2 implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Croup D treated with core depression group without implantation,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis.All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks.The ability of repairing bone defect was evaluated by X-ray radiograph.Bone mineral density analysis of the defect regions were used to evaluate the level of ossification.The morphologic change and bone formation was assessed by HE staining.The angiogenesis was evaluated by VEGF immunohistochemistry.Results:The osteogenetic ability and quality of femoral head necrosis in group B were better than those of other groups after 12 weeks by X-ray radiograph and morphologic investigation.And the angiogenesis in group B was better than other groups.Group C had similar osteogenetic quality of femoral head necrosis and angiogenesis with group D.Conclusions:The treatment of rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression can promote the repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.It is a promising and efficient synthetic bone material to treat the femoral head necrosis.     

ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD IN SICKLE-CELL DISEASE

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head accounted for 75 (28.2%)of the 266 major skeletal complications seen in 207 patientswith sickle-cell disease in a 66-month period. Forty-five (60%)of the 75 patients were males. The onset of symptoms occurredbetween the ages of 10 and 29 years in 60 (80.0%) of the patients,and the mean age at onset was 20.8 (range 8–54) years.There were 37 patients with sickle-cell anaemia (SS) with 46hips affected by necrosis, and 38 patients with sickle-cellhaemoglobin C with 40 affected hips. Perthes-like changes occurredin 40 hips, osteochondritis dissecans-like lesion in one hipand severe hip deformity in 45 hips. Four of the five hips withPerthes-like necrosis which were treated by rotation upper femoralosteotomy had partial reconstitution of the femoral head, andall five were symptom-free. The other hips were treated conservativelywith generally poor results. KEY WORDS: Femoral head necrosis, Osteonecrosis, Anaemia, sickle-cell     

Long-term observation of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus: an MRI study

OBJECTIVES: To assess long-term prognosis of clinically silent, early-stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Twenty-four hips that showed ANFH by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 13 patients with SLE were studied. All hips were radiographically normal and clinically asymptomatic. The percentage volume of necrotic bone was calculated at each study by dividing the sum of the necrotic areas by the sum of the femoral head areas from all MRI slices. Hips were also classified into three categories by the relation of the necrotic area to the weight bearing portion according to the system of the Japanese Investigation Committee for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, with modifications: Type A (medial lesions): 8 hips, Type B (central lesions): 4 hips, and Type C (lateral lesions): 12 hips. Patients were followed up with MRI for 12-95 (mean 51) months. RESULTS: Fifteen hips improved (more than 15% reduction in the volume of necrosis), 5 did not change and 4 worsened during the observation period. All hips with a volume of necrotic area less than 25% showed improvement. All but one Type A hip and one Type B hip improved, while the mean volume of necrosis did not change in Type C. The volume of the necrotic area was smaller in Type A & B than in Type C hips (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term prognosis of early-stage ANFH was favorable in patients with SLE when the necrotic area was small (less than 25%).     

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell syndrome: a report of 5 cases

The course and management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) in six hips of 5 sickle cell syndrome patients (3 with Hb SS, 1 with Hb SC and 1 with Hb S/beta+-thalassaemia) are described. Two patients (aged 13 and 17 years) presented with Perthes- and osteochondritis dessicans-type lesions. These hips progressed to roller-bearing-type joints with good function and no pain following conservative management of weight restriction and rest. Three patients (aged 14, 22 and 30 years at original presentation) suffered whole-head necrosis. Initially, these 3 patients had four hip joints replaced, two cemented-stemmed types, one cemented double-cup and one uncemented hemi-arthroplasty. All four joints failed and were revised 21-61 months after the original operation. One of the revision hips has now failed and is awaiting further surgery. These results demonstrate that it is very difficult to achieve a successful hip arthroplasty in the sickle cell syndrome patient.     

Bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole collimator for diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Summary The objective was to compare the sensitivities for diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head of bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole collimator and with an high resolution parallel collimator. Bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole collimator and with an high resolution parallel collimator were performed in 16 patients with bilateral (n=7) or unilateral (n=9) avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole collimator documented a photopenic defect in 78.3% of the necrotic hips, while bone scintigraphy equipped with an high resolution parallel collimator documented a defect in 47.8%. There was no false-positive diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head on either bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole or with an high resolution parallel collimator. In conclusion, bone scintigraphy equipped with a pinhole collimator has a greater sensitivity for diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head than bone scintigraphy equipped with an high resolution parallel collimator.     

Histopathology of femoral head osteonecrosis in rheumatoid arthritis: the relationship between steroid therapy and lipid degeneration in the osteocyte

Summary To investigate the pathology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ON) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we examined 26 hips clinically and histologically. In this study, we diagnosed ON by both the radiological evidence of femoral head collapse, with or without narrowing of the joint space, and by histological evidence of extensive areas of bone necrosis with surrounding reparative new bone. Thus 14 hips were diagnosed as ON, and 12 hips were not. All of the patients with ON had a history of steroid medication. The frequency of lipid-containing osteocytes observed in the subchondral area of the femoral head significantly correlated with the occurrence of ON (P<0.05). In electron micrographs, these osteocytes showed degenerative features, with their nuclei pressed towards one side of the cell by plump fatty droplets (fatty degeneration). In patients with RA, there was a significant correlation between the appearance of lipid-containing osteocytes and steroid medication (P<0.05). No relationship existed between the severity of RA synovitis and the occurrence of ON. These data suggest that ON in rheumatoid hips may relate to the administration of a steroid and the fatty degeneration of osteocytes.     

Core decompression for osteonecrosis of the femoral head at pre-collapse stage

Twenty-five patients (27 hips) were retrospectively studied for core decompression in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral heads at pre-collapse stage, Ficat and Alert stages I and II, from Apr. 1984 to Jun. 1998 with follow-up period at least 1 yr (mean 28 months). Eleven hips (10 patients) were considered to have failed due to progressive collapsed more than 2 mm, severe pain or reoperation. We further analyzed the results with regard to the stages, the size of the necrotic area according to the Ohzono classification, the lateral head index (LHI) and the Kerboul combined necrotic angle. The survival rate according to the Ohzono classification was type 1B: 100%, 1C: 44%, 2: 25%, and 3B: 0%. Hips with Kerboul angle less than 250 degrees revealed satisfactory results in all except one hip. All hips with Kerboul angle more than 250 degrees collapsed. Fourteen of the 15 hips (93%) with lateral head index more than 20% did not collapse and all hips except one (7/8) with LHI less than 12% collapsed. We conclude core decompression yields satisfactory results in osteonecrotic femoral heads at pre-collapse stage and with small necrotic area or good lateral buttress.     

Magnetic resonance imaging identifies early femoral head ischemic necrosis in patients receiving systemic glucocorticoid therapy

Ischemic necrosis of bone, a frequent complication of glucocorticoid therapy, can result in disability due to bone collapse and destruction. Some investigators have suggested that core decompression of involved marrow benefits patients with early disease. As radiographs are normal in early disease, identification of patients has been dependent on nonspecific radionuclide imaging or more specific but invasive hemodynamic studies. In order to define a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic tool, we compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to 99mtechnetium diphosphonate and 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid scintigraphy in 10 consecutive glucocorticoid treated patients with suspected femoral head ischemic necrosis of bone but normal roentgenograms. MRI identified the ischemic necrosis (defined by characteristic radiographic progression or histology) in 13/13 femoral heads. Both scans together identified only 5/13 of the cases. Only 1/20 osteoarthritic femoral heads had MRI patterns similar to those seen in ischemic necrosis of bone. We conclude that MRI is a sensitive and relatively specific method to detect early femoral head ischemic necrosis of bone.     

Haemophilic arthropathy of the hip in children--prognosis and long-term follow-up.

The aim of this study was to report on the long-term follow-up of haemophilic children with avascular femoral head necrosis and to determine whether radiographic findings at initial diagnosis have any prognostic value. Seven patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head were clinically and radiographically observed over a period of 5-50 years. The average age of patients at first diagnosis was 7.1 years. At follow-up, three of seven patients claimed to have occasional mild pain in the affected hip, four of seven showed loss of range of motion in the hip joint and two of seven patients showed a limp. Only one patient was clinically completely inconspicuous. The radiographically measured caput-collum-diaphysis angle at follow-up was pathologic in four cases and in one case a lateral subluxation of the femoral head was found. There was marked deformation of the femoral head in three of seven cases and a further two hips showing slight incongruency. Owing to the small patient-number, a statement concerning the prognostic value of defined radiographic signs cannot be made. As expected, the more 'risk signs' radiographically found, the higher the likelihood that patients will suffer arthrosis at a later stage. We propose that a clear distinction between haemophilic arthropathy of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease should be made. In cases where radiographic changes are also found in the vicinity of the acetabulum, it is indicative for haemophilic arthropathy.     

Prevention of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus by anti-coagulant

Although osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONF) is one of the serious complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with corticosteroid therapy, there has been few trials of prevention of ONF described. We aimed to prevent ONF in steroid-treated SLE patients using anticoagulant, warfarin, conducting a multicenter prospective study. Sixty newly diagnosed SLE patients requiring 40 mg/day or more prednisolone were alternately assigned to either of two groups; a warfarin group and a control one. Warfarin (1 to approximately 5 mg/day) was started together with the beginning of steroid therapy and continued at least for three months. Patients were observed for the development of silent ONF by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and symptomatic ONF by plain radiography for over five years. The warfarin group consisted of 31 patients (62 hips) and the control one 29 patients (58 hips). Silent ONF developed in 13 hips (21%) and 19 hips (33%) in the warfarin group and the control group, respectively (P = 0.13). On the other hand, warfarin tended to prevent symptomatic ONF; only three hips of 62 (4.8 %) in the warfarin group and eight hips of 58 (14%) in the control group (P = 0.08) developed silent ONF. It was also found that silent ONF developed, if it did, very early; within three months in 16 of 18 patients (89%). Among risk factors for silent ONF, steroid pulse therapy was most outstanding and it seemed to overcome the effect of warfarin. Taken together, for the time being, anti-coagulant therapy, if not significantly sufficient, may be of use for the prevention of steroid-induced ONF in SLE. We consider that this study added to important evidence for the pathogenesis and prevention of ONF.