~(125)Ⅰ粒子组织间植入对小鼠移植性肝细胞癌的治疗作用

目的探讨(125)~I 粒子组织间植入对小鼠移植性肝细胞癌的治疗效果方法在70只小鼠背侧皮下建立 H22移植性肝细胞癌模型,选50只移植成功的荷实体瘤小鼠,其中治疗组40只按植入肿瘤的(125)~I 粒子活度不同分为A、B、C、D 4组;另10只作为对照组,于肿瘤内植入无活性的空心粒子。植入(125)~I 粒子后,连续观察30 d小鼠存活情况,测量肿瘤大小,分别对治疗后肿瘤组织进行细胞学分析,观察(125)~I 粒子对肿瘤组织的破坏程度和范围。结果 (125)~I 粒子植入30 d 后,治疗各组(A、B、C、D)和对照组小鼠存活率分别为80%、80%、60%、60%和40%;肿瘤的平均体积分别为(203.8±76.5)、(235.7±88.7)、(518.2±178.4)、(965.5±310.3)和(3242.4±879.8)mm~3,治疗各组与对照组比较差异有显著性(P 均<0.01)。细胞学检测示治疗各组(125)~I 粒子周围肿瘤细胞有不同程度变性、坏死。结论 (125)~I 粒子植入治疗小鼠移植性肝细胞癌效果明显,其疗效与肿瘤的周边剂量有关。     

125I粒子组织间植入治疗小鼠H22原位移植性肝癌

目的 探讨125I粒子组织间植入治疗小鼠移植性肝癌的疗效及其对邻近组织器官的影响.方法 建立小鼠原位移植性H22肝癌模型20只,10只为治疗组,行125I粒子组织间植入治疗10d,按体重以质量分数10%水合氯醛0.4g/kg腹腔注射麻醉小鼠,测肿瘤大小、血常规、肝功能,取肿瘤组织、粒子植入旁1 cm处肝组织,小肠行病理切片、电镜检查及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学测定,与对照组(另10只模型鼠)、正常组(10只同种健康小鼠)比较.结果 125I治疗组所有小鼠均存活,肿瘤直径缩小至平均0.23 cm(与对照组比较,P＜0.05);所有肝功能指标均正常(与正常组比较,P＞0.05);血Hb、RBC、PLT变化不明显,而WBC下降明显(与正常组比较,P＜0.05).病理检查示,治疗组残存少量肿瘤细胞、中央为大片凝固性坏死,粒子植入旁肝组织出现许多凋亡细胞(与对照组比较,P＜0.05)及大片肝细胞气球样变,小肠浆膜下充血水肿、绒毛缩短变粗;对照组肿瘤细胞丰富、生长旺盛,间质中有淋巴细胞浸润.电镜检查示,治疗组肿瘤细胞核染色质边集、固缩、碎裂,粗面内质网、滑面内质网、线粒体肿胀,小肠微绒毛出现稀疏、脱落等改变;对照组肿瘤细胞轻微变性,有淋巴细胞溶癌现象.治疗后癌组织、肝、小肠的PCNA表达减少,分别为0.346±0.0167、0.660±0.0381、0.710±0.0158(与对照组比较,P＜0.05).结论 125I粒子组织间植入治疗小鼠移植性肝癌疗效明显,但对邻近的组织器官亦有一定影响.通信作者吴浩荣,Emailwuhaorong@vip.sina.com     

125I植入对小鼠移植性实体瘤抑制效果

目的观察12I籽源组织间植入对小鼠移植性实体瘤的治疗效果.方法建立小鼠艾氏腹水瘤细胞移植性实体肿瘤模型.治疗组在肿瘤组织内平均植入4粒表面放射活性为8.14MBq的BT-125-Ⅰ型125I籽源,对照组植入4粒无放射活性的空心籽源.治疗28 d,记录小鼠存活率.处死存活的小鼠,测量残存肿瘤的体积、重量并计算肿瘤体积抑制率.对摘除的肿瘤组织进行常规病理切片检查,观察籽源对肿瘤组织的破坏程度和范围.结果治疗28 d,治疗组和对照组小鼠存活率分别为75%和50%;平均瘤重分别为(0.347±0.25)g,(5.162±1.75)g(t=6.164,P＜0.05);肿瘤平均体积分别为(175.9±147.9)mm3,(3974.1±1507.7)mm3(t=5.618,P＜0.05),肿瘤体积抑制率为95.6%.常规病理切片结果显示,125I籽源周围0～3 mm范围内肿瘤细胞病理变化由凝固坏死向外逐渐减弱为变性坏死;空心籽源周边区域仅有机械刺激导致的轻微水肿和纤维化.结论125I籽源组织间植入对小鼠实体肿瘤具有显著的治疗效果.     

125I放射粒子治疗兔肝VX2肿瘤的实验研究

目的 探讨组织间插植125I放射粒子对兔肝VX2肿瘤的治疗作用.方法 选健康成年新西兰白兔30只随机分为2组,分别为对照组和治疗组(每组各15只).所有动物采用CT引导下经皮穿刺法制作兔肝VX2肿瘤模型.于模型制作后14 d,治疗组在肿瘤近中心位置植入125I放射粒子,对照组不予处理.各组动物分别于动物模型制作后14 d、21 d、28 d进行MR扫描观察肿瘤生长情况,并检验肝功能.结果 与对照组相比,治疗组动物肿瘤生长有所延缓,动物模型制作后14 d肿瘤体积无明显变化(P>0.05),21 d、28 d体积缩小(P<0.05)且平均存活期延长(P<0.05).结论 组织间植入125I放射粒子可抑制肝肿瘤生长、延长动物生存期.     

125I粒子串近程放射治疗兔植入性门静脉主干癌栓实验研究

目的 评估125I粒子串近程放射治疗兔植入性门静脉主干癌栓(MPVTT)的安全性和有效性.方法 对32只新西兰大白兔门静脉主干植入VX2肿瘤细胞株,随机分为治疗组(T组,n=16)和对照组(C组,n=16).治疗组、对照组兔MPVTT中分别植入出I粒子串、无放射性粒子串,术后定期监测兔一般情况、体重、实验室检查变化,术后2周治疗组、对照组各处死8只兔,作病理学检查.余下兔饲养至死亡作尸检,对比两组多层螺旋CT检查结果、组织病理学检查结果、Ki-67标记指数、凋亡指数,并以此为基础评估该疗法的有效性.结果 近程放射治疗后每个观察时间点均表明,对照组兔体重下降更加明显,两组兔肝功能、血细胞计数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗组、对照组平均MPVTT体积为分别为(565.4±220.9) mm3、(2 269.9±437.0) mm3,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.001);Ki-67蛋白指数分别为(4.14±1.84)％、(33.82±6.07)％,凋亡指数分别为(6.51±1.92)％、(0.91±0.26)％,差异均有显著统计学意义(P=0.001);平均生存时间分别为(39.50±2.37)d、(27.38±1.22)d,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.001).结论 125I粒子串近程放射治疗兔植入性MPVTT安全有效.     

CT引导经皮穿刺植入放射性125I粒子治疗HCC合并肝静脉、下腔静脉癌栓

目的 探讨CT引导经皮穿刺植入放射性125I粒子治疗原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)并肝静脉、下腔静脉癌栓的可行性.方法 回顾分析本科10例行CT引导经皮穿刺植入放射性125I粒子治疗HCC合并肝右静脉、下腔静脉癌栓临床资料,术后2月行CT增强、肝功能、AFP检查.以后每2月复查.结果 所有患者均手术成功,无相关手术并发症出现.每位患者平均植入125I粒子10.2粒.术后2月,5例患者肝右静脉、下腔静脉内癌栓较前不同程度缩小,3例患者癌栓较前无明显变化,2例患者癌栓较前增大.结论 放射性125I粒子组织间植入治疗HCC合并肝静脉、下腔静脉癌栓是一安全有效的方法.     

125I粒子不同分布组织间植入对荷人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤疗效的影响

目的 探讨125I粒子总活度相同时,不同分布的组织间植入对荷人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤疗效的影响.方法 建立人胃低分化腺癌BGC-823细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型32只,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组.实验组植入总活度33.30 MBq125I粒子,按照植入单枚活度及分布不同分为高活度组(33.30 MBq×1枚)、中活度组(16.65 MBq×2枚)、低活度组(11.10 MBq×3枚);对照组植入空源粒子.每组8只裸鼠模型.比较实验和对照组及125I粒子不同分布状态下对移植瘤体积的抑制率、组织病理学改变、局部皮肤反应、裸鼠体质量和存活率.采用方差分析和秩和检验对数据进行统计学处理.结果 各组存活率均为100%.125I粒子植入第30天裸鼠体质量各组比较,差异无统计学意义[高、中、低活度及对照组分别为(26.44±1.07)、(26.58±0.51)、(27.15±1.37)和(26.92±0.60)g,F=2.23,P>0.05].第30天各实验组125I粒子对肿瘤体积抑制率分别为92.47%,97.15%和89.01%;平均体积各实验组[高、中、低活度组分别为(138.85±16.45)、(52.52±30.54)、(202.72±126.97)mm3]与对照组[(1843.99±447.63)mm3]比较,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.092,3.376,3.269,P均<0.05),中活度组和低活度组组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.308,P<0.05),高活度组分别和中活度组、低活度组组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.300,1.007,P均>0.05).高活度组与中活度组组织病理学分级按直肠癌消退分级标准(RCRG)均为RCRG 1级;低活度组3只为RCRG 3级,4只为RCRG 2级,1只为RCRG 1级.中、低活度组均未出现放射性损伤,高活度组中4只裸鼠于125I粒子植入后9～12 d出现放射治疗肿瘤学组织(RTOG)1～2级放射性损伤.结论 125I粒子植入治疗中单源活度的选择和分布方式可直接影响疗效和放射性损伤的程度.     

125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的有效性研究

目的 探讨125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的疗效及其作用机制.方法 人胰腺癌SW1990细胞株接种于BABL/c裸鼠右下肢旁腹股沟区偏背侧皮下,成瘤后取瘤块接种,6周后成瘤8～10 mm.共16只成瘤大小合适的裸鼠用于实验,分别植入125I粒子(8只)和空载粒子(8只).粒子植入后,每4天测量肿瘤的长径和短径并称裸鼠体重,裸鼠处死后称量瘤体重.瘤体标本行组织病理学检查、末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶-生物素dUTP切口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测凋亡细胞及免疫组化染色检测增殖细胞核抗原.结果 125I 粒子治疗组肿瘤体积增长缓慢,而对照组肿瘤体积增长迅速.实验组和对照组瘤体重分别约(2.68±0.70)g和(4.68±1.45)g,两者的差异有统计学意义(P=0.021);抑瘤率约42.66%.粒子植入前、后实验组和对照组问裸鼠体重对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗组肿瘤细胞坏死明显,而对照组肿瘤细胞无明显或仅有少许坏死.TUENL法检查发现实验组和对照组的凋亡指数分别为(23.2±1.9)%和(8.1±1.5)%,两者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).免疫组化染色发现:实验组及对照组增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)阳性染色指数分别为(49.8±1.8)%和(82.2±2.4)%,两者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).裸鼠心、肝、肺、肾及脾脏等组织无明显放射性炎症表现.结论 125I 粒子组织间植入治疗人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤是有效的,其作用机制包括:直接杀伤肿瘤细胞、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及降低细胞增殖,并且 125I 粒子植入瘤体内对周围脏器是安全的.     

术中125I粒子植入治疗肿瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨在手术中永久性植入125I粒子治疗脑瘤、肝癌、胆管癌、肺癌、直肠癌、前列腺癌及恶性畸胎瘤临床应用的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析38例经穿刺活检、组织学或细胞学检查确诊的肿瘤患者,采用治疗计划系统(TPS)重建肿瘤的三维图像,计算出粒子植入的数量和剂量分布曲线,125I粒子治疗肿瘤处方剂量为60～120 Gy,每例植入粒子6～40颗,中位粒子数为23颗.结果 随访12个月,肿瘤完全缓解9例,部分缓解24例,无变化5例.12个月总有效率为86.8%.结论 术中植入125I粒子治疗肿瘤是一种安全、有效的方法.     

肝癌伴下腔静脉癌栓行TACE联合下腔静脉放射性支架或裸支架治疗的对照研究

目的 探讨TACE联合下腔静脉放射性支架植入治疗肝细胞肝癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的安全性及有效性.方法 对61例肝细胞肝癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者的资料行回顾性分析,放射性支架采用125I粒子条捆载裸支架的方法,共对33例患者采用此方法(A组),28例患者植入裸支架(B组).采用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching)对原数据进行后随机化分析以减少选择性偏倚,对两组患者的生存期,症状缓解率及不良反应进行对照分析.结果 两组患者术后不良反应发生率相仿,均采用内科对症处理.A组患者较B组显示更长的生存期优势,A组中位生存时间(203.0±28.1)d,B组(93.0±24.3)d(P=0.006),倾向性评分匹配后(24对)A组(200±31)d,B组(66.0±23) d(P=0.019),A组水肿缓解率97.0％,B组为96.4％,多因素分析显示放射性支架植入与肿瘤客观有效率为患者预后好的独立性影响因素.结论 TACE联合放射性支架植入对治疗肝细胞肝癌伴下腔静脉癌栓安全有效,可能延长患者生存时间.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.