腰椎间盘突出症再手术12例原因分析和预防探讨

报告３年中再手术腰椎间盘突出症１２例，作者分析再手术原因，有髓核残留，复发突出、ＣＴ误导，新发突出，神经根粘连，定位错误和发病节段遗漏，对此提出预防措施，对腰椎间盘突出症的复发和新发概述进行探讨。     

腰椎间盘突出症原位再手术的手术技巧

腰椎间盘突出症术后症状复发约为2％～19％。严格意义上的脞椎间盘突症术后复发应指原间隙原侧的再发。本院自1998—2007年共手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症1813例．其中属于本文定义的腰椎间盘突出症术后复发并经再次手术治疗的有72例,再手术率为3．97％。此型患者病因复杂,再手术困难。本文重点对其手术技巧进行分析总结。     

腰椎间盘突出症术后近期复发再手术临床分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症近期复发再手术的原因,减少术后复发率.方法 对7例腰椎间盘突出症术后近期复发再手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 患者随访平均33.1个月(6～75个月),效果优6例,良1例.结论 腰椎间盘突出症术后近期复发的原因有初次手术摘除髓核不彻底致使髓核碎片残留、椎间盘纤维环突出、瘢痕组织粘连、椎间盘髓核突出合并椎管狭窄未解除椎管狭窄、年龄、体重等有关.     

腰椎间盘突出症术后再突出的手术治疗：（29例临床研究）

过去人们对腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的再手术问题一直持谨慎态度,甚至不主张再手术治疗。但随着诊断技术的进步及部分不得不再手术病例的积累,对腰椎间盘突出症术后复发及再手术问题又有了新的认识。本文结合有关文献,通过对29例腰椎间盘突出症术后再突出患者的临床分析,对再突出的原因及其再手术治疗进行了分析。 临床资料1一般资料该组29例均为初次手术治疗后症状完全消失6个月以上又复发者,男19例,女8例,年龄26～58岁,平均44岁;两次手术间隔时间8月～16年,平均4.5年。2复发诱因症状复发前有明显外伤史者如弯腰搬运重物、腰扭伤等14例,占41…     

腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因分析

腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因分析庞健刘时麟由于对腰椎间盘突出症手术适应证不严，术式选择不当，检查定位不确切和技术失误，而致部分病例术后症状不缓解或治愈后复发，需要第二次手术治疗。我院１９８０～１９９４年共手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症５４８例，其中３１例进行了二...     

原位固定后路椎间隙植骨融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后复发疗效分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症术后复发原因及手术的疗效。方法采用后路原位固定椎间隙植骨融合治疗43例腰椎间盘突出症术后复发患者。结果 43例均获随访,时间6个月～7年,植骨块均愈合。根据JOA评分:优35例,良7例,可1例,优良率达97.7%。结论使用后路原位固定椎间隙植骨融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后复发,是防止腰椎间盘突出症术后复发再发腰腿痛、提高患者生活质量的有效方法。     

同节段腰椎间盘突出症术后复发原因分析

目的探讨同节段腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的原因。方法对11例同节段腰椎间盘突出症术后复发患者的临床症状、影像学改变及治疗结果进行分析。结果11例同节段腰椎间盘突出症术后复发患者2例保守治疗，9例再手术治疗．随访2～3年，平均2年7个月，全部有效。结论同节段腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的原因与患者年龄、椎间盘退变程度、初次手术髓核组织残留多少、侧隐窝大小、黄韧带肥厚、关节突增生内聚、神经根周围瘢痕粘连及腰椎不稳等有关。     

腰椎间盘突出症的再手术问题

本文报告16年手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症431例,再手术18例,再手术率4.17％。分析其原因有:术中马尾神经损伤3列;原椎间盘摘除不彻底3例。定位失误及双间隙突出造成椎间盘遗漏4例;术后外伤再复发4例;术后严重粘连、疤痕压迫脊髓造成严重症状者4例。主张在腰椎间盘突出症手术中应用硬膜外麻醉,反对片面强调小切口,强调准确定位及术后引流。腰椎间盘突出症再手术难度较大,应慎重考虑,必要时可经椎管造影或CT检查明确手术指征。     

腰椎间盘突出症再手术17例分析

目的分析腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因,探讨再手术方法及疗效。方法对37例常规髓核摘除术后症状复发的腰椎间盘突出症患者行再手术治疗。结果再手术原因:神经根管狭窄22例,腰椎不稳6例,手术失误8例(间隙错误3例,术侧错误3例,间隙遗漏2例),术后椎间隙感染1例。37例均顺利完成再手术,术后脑脊液漏2例,经头低脚高位及拔管后腹带加压治愈。37例均获随访,平均3.2(2~6)年。采用侯树勋评价标准评定疗效:优11例,良19例,可7例。结论继发性神经根管狭窄和腰椎不稳是腰椎间盘突出症术后症状复发的主要原因,再手术治疗效果满意。     

腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因分析及对策

目的 通过分析腰椎间盘突出症再手术的主要原因,探讨其相关因素,以期达到降低再手术率的目的 ,探讨再手术的指征、方式及效果.方法 回顾我院自2004年9月至2007年2月手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症666例中再手术者43例(6.46%),分析再手术的原因及效果.结果 原位复发30例(69.77%),是再手术最主要的原因.19例再次开窗椎间盘切除,18例手术效果优良.结论 腰椎间盘突出症手术应严格掌握适应证,彻底摘除突出的组织,对可能突出的组织做相应处理.控制好再手术指征,提高操作技巧,仍能获得良好疗效.再手术时,重复的椎间盘切除仍然有效.     

Re-operation in protrusion of a lumbar intervertebral disk: report of 30 cases

Thirty cases, who had been operated on under diagnosis of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disk, were re-operated upon because of failure of relieving their sufferings or tardy recurrence of symptoms. The actual causes found at operation were: missing a preexisting schwannoma in 4 patients, failing in working on correct space in diskectomy in 3, leaving another co-existed protruded disk untouched in 2, and lastly, recurrence of disk protrusion at the previous space in 7. Causes of these mishaps were discussed and some preventive precautions and measures have been suggested.     

后路椎间盘镜微创手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨应用椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年7月至2008年1月椎间盘镜治疗的腰椎间盘突出症182例192个椎间隙。结果单间隙单侧突出者165例,单间隙双侧突出者7例,双间隙突出者10例,合并侧隐窝狭窄者70例。突出间隙和突出位置以L4／5节段（109个）和后外侧型间隙176例为最多。术后随访7～30个月,平均25个月。疗效优良率92．3％。术后发生椎间盘炎1例,硬膜囊撕裂2例,因静脉丛出血中转为开放手术3例,无神经根损伤发生。结论椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、恢复快疗效好等优点。是一种理想的微创手术治疗方法。     

The effect of intervertebral disc space narrowing on the contact force between the nerve root and a simulated disc protrusion

An instrumented probe mounted on the anterior surface of the lumbar spine over an excised lumbar intervertebral disc was used to stimulate a disc protrusion in 12 fresh cadavers. The contact force between probe and nerve root was measured as a function of two independent variables: probe protrusion depth and disc space height. The contact force on the nerve root was found to increase with increasing probe depth. Disc space widening increased the contact force while narrowing the disc space decreased it. A simple mechanical model analysis confirmed that the force exerted on the nerve root by the probe is the result of tension produced in the nerve root as it is deformed by the probe. The mechanical principle that disc narrowing can reduce the pressure on a nerve root produced by a disc protrusion may be an explanation of how chemonycleolysis relieves sciatic pain.     

老年性腰椎间盘突出症的病理特点及手术治疗(附49例分析)

对49例老年性腰椎间盘突出症的病理特点进行研究。自1989年～1996年共手术治疗老年性腰椎间盘突出症49例,占同期腰椎间盘突出症手术的5％。行小切口开窗髓核摘除36例,扩大开窗髓核摘除10例,半椎板切除髓核摘除3例。随访1年～8.5年,平均4年,优良率47.2％。作者分析了手术疗效差的三个原因,提出了符合老年性腰椎间盘突出症的三种手术方式及适应证。     

Epiduralography for diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion: report of 304 cases

The authors used epiduralography in 304 cases for the diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. The radiopaque contrast media was injected into the epidural space and then X-rays were taken of the 304 cases, 273 cases received surgical intervention. Two hundred and seventy positive epidural X-ray, all were confirmed to have protruded or ruptured intervertebral disc at surgery. Three cases had negative epiduralgram preoperatively, no disc protrusion revealed at operation. Thus the accuracy of this technique in diagnosis of intervertebral disc protrusion was L 100%. The findings of positive epidural X-ray may be classified into 5 categories: (1) Lateral filling defect (21.2%), (2) Irregular filling defect near the center (0.7%), (3) Complete block of epidural space (35.6%), (4) Incomplete block of epidural space (27.4%), and (5) Unilateral block of epidural space (15.1%).     

腰椎间盘突出症术后迟发性下肢痛的原因及对策

本文旨在探讨腰椎间盘突出症术后迟发性下肢痛这一现象的原因。我们对764例腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗患者进行回顾性分析,探讨与产生这一现象有关的可能因素。结果发现,共有81例腰椎间盘突出症手术患者术后出现迟发性下肢痛,81例中合并有腰椎管狭窄或侧隐窝狭窄52例。认为,术中对神经根、神经节的再次损伤是导致腰椎间盘突出症患者术后发生迟发性下肢痛的可能原因。     

A New Pathological Classification of Lumbar Disc Protrusion and Its Clinical Significance

Lumbar disc protrusion is common. Its clinical manifestations and treatments are closely related to the pathological changes; however, the pathological classification of lumbar disc protrusion is controversial. This article introduces a new pathological classification comprising four types of lumbar disc protrusion according to intraoperative findings. The damage‐herniation type is probably caused by injury and is characterized by soft herniation, the capsule can easily be cut and the broken disc tissue blocks overflow or is easily removed. The broken disc substances should be completely removed; satisfactory results can be achieved by minimally invasive endoscopic surgery. The degeneration‐protrusion type is characterized by hard and tough protrusions and the pathological process by degeneration and proliferative reaction. The nerve should be decompressed and relaxed with minimally invasive removal of the posterior wall; the bulged or protruded disc often need not be excised. The posterior vertebral osteochondrosis with disc protrusion type is characterized by deformity of the posterior vertebral body, osteochondral nodules and intervertebral disc protrusion. The herniated and fragmented disc tissue should be removed with partially protruding osteochondral nodules. Intervertebral disc cyst is of uncertain pathogenesis and is characterized by a cyst that communicates with the disc. Resection of the cyst under microscopic or endoscopic control can achieve good results; and whether the affected disc needs to be simultaneously resected is controversial. The new pathological classification proposed here is will aid better understanding of pathological changes and pathogenesis of lumbar disc protrusion and provides a reference for diagnosis and treatment.     

Quadrant通道下微创治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效观察

目的评价Quadrant通道下微创治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 2008年7月-2010年3月,对18例复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者采用Quadrant通道下椎间盘突出髓核摘除术治疗。其中男13例,女5例;年龄35～67岁,平均43岁。手术节段:L4、5 6例,L5、S1 12例。首次手术至复发时间为12～120个月,平均42.8个月。患者均行X线片、CT及MRI检查确诊原椎间盘再次突出。末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和改良MacNab标准评定患者症状改善情况。结果手术时间40～80 min,平均60 min;术中出血量80～120 mL,平均100 mL。手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合;术中2例发生脑脊液漏,未行修补,术后3 d拔除引流片后切口愈合。术后无椎间隙感染、神经损伤、定位错误等并发症发生。18例均获随访,随访时间12～30个月,平均22个月。末次随访时按改良MacNab标准评价疗效,获优12例,良6例。末次随访时,腿痛VAS评分由术前的(7.3±2.2)分降至(2.0±1.3)分,差异有统计学意义(t=11.08,P=0.00)。随访期间无复发。结论 Quadrant通道下椎间盘突出髓核摘除术具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,是治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的一种安全有效的微创手术方法。     

Facet joint asymmetry and protrusion of the intervertebral disc

In a study of 47 cases of lumbar disc protrusion, the hypothesis that asymmetry of the facet joints is correlated with the presence of a disc protrusion, was tested. Seventeen cases of protrusion of the L4-L5 disc and 30 cases of protrusion of the L5-S1 disc were measured on coronal computed tomography (CT) scans. The nonprotruded discs of each level were used as controls of the protruded discs of the same level. The transverse interfacet angle, the inclination and curvature of the facet joints, and the frequency of asymmetric facet joints showed no significant differences, whether there was a disc protrusion or not. The magnitude of the asymmetry was significantly greater only at the L4-L5 interspace in cases of disc protrusion. However, taking into consideration the error of measurement, the difference becomes highly questionable. These results do not indicate any relation between facet joint asymmetry and protrusion of the intervertebral disc.