己酮可可碱对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤炎症反应的影响

目的探讨己酮可可碱对大鼠内毒素(LPS)诱导急性肺损伤(ALI)炎症反应的影响。方法腹腔注射0.01%LPS1mg/kg,16h后在机械通气下气管内滴注1.5mg/kg(0.5ml)LPS建立大鼠内毒素性ALI模型。24只大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(LPS组)和己酮可可碱组(PTX组),每组8只。7h后处死大鼠。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量,测肺湿/干重比,并观察BAL白蛋白浓度。结果与LPS组相比,PTX组大鼠BAL中TNF-α浓度、肺湿/干重比以及BAL白蛋白浓度显著降低(P<0.05),而IL-10显著升高。结论己酮可可碱能显著抑制内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠的炎症反应,具有一定的肺保护作用。     

中度低温对内毒素性急性呼吸窘迫综合征大鼠肺细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究中度低温对内毒素性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)大鼠模型肺细胞因子表达的影响,探讨其用于防治ARDS的可能性。方法 腹腔注射内毒素(LPS)1 ml/kg(0.3 ml),16 h后在机械通气下气管内滴注1 mg(0.5 ml)LPS建立大鼠内毒素性ARDS模型。32只大鼠随机分为ARDS常温组(AN组)、ARDS低温组(AH组)、生理盐水常温组(NN组)及生理盐水低温组(NH组),每组8只。建模成功后3 h处死大鼠,用酶联免疫吸附法测定4组动物支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的浓度。结果 气管内滴注LPS后成功建立大鼠内毒素性ARDS模型。AH组BALF中TNF-α、IL-6的浓度显著低于AN组(P<0.01)。NH组与NN组比较,TNF-α、IL-6的含量差异无显著性(P>0.01)。结论 低温有显著抑制内毒素性ARDS大鼠模型肺表达TNF-α、IL-6的作用,提示中度低温可能成为防治ARDS的辅助方法。     

中度低温对内毒素诱导急性肺损伤大鼠肺泡毛细血管膜通透性的影响

目的探讨中度低温对脂多糖(LPS)诱导急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠肺泡毛细血管膜通透性的影响。方法34只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组。腹腔注射LPS 1.0 mg·kg-1,16 h后在机械通气下气管内滴注1.5 mg·kg-1LPS(0.5 ml)方法建立ALI模型。正常对照组(C组,n=8):只给予等量的生理盐水;内毒素组(L组,n=10):给予LPS;低温组(H组,n=8):将体温降低并维持在32.5-33.0℃, 但不给予LPS;内毒素复合低温组(L H组,n=8):给予LPS,并且当氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)≤300mm Hg 时将体温降低并维持在32.5-33.0℃。分别于ALI时、ALI后1、2、3、4 h记录平均动脉压(MAP)和中心静脉压(CVP),同时测定动脉血气的变化。于ALI后4 h处死大鼠,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF) 中白蛋白浓度、左肺湿/干重(W/D)及肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,电镜下观察肺泡毛细血管膜形态结构的变化。结果L组PaO2/FiO2降低(P<0.01),PaCO2在ALI后3、4 h升高(P<0.01);与L组比较,L H组PaO2,FiO2差异无统计学意义,但PaCO2在ALI后3、4 h降低(P<0.05)。与C组比较,L 组BALF中白蛋白浓度、W/D及肺组织MPO活性升高(P<0.01或0.05);而L H组上述指标则较L 组下降(P<0.01或0.05)。电镜结果:C、H组肺泡毛细血管膜结构基本正常;L组毛细血管内皮明显剥脱;而L H组毛细血管内皮剥脱程度较L组减轻。结论中度低温对ALI大鼠可通过减轻肺内PMN聚集,降低肺泡毛细血管膜通透性,在一定程度上减轻了肺损伤。     

利多卡因减轻内毒素诱导兔肺损伤炎症反应的实验研究

静脉注射内毒素引起的急性肺损伤与临床脓毒血症引起的急性肺损伤相似，是全身的过度炎症反应引起的急性损伤。肺由于其组织结构及功能的特殊性，往往成为受累最先及最严重的一个器官。近年，大量的动物及体外实验证明，利多卡因具有抑制中性粒细胞黏附、趋化，抑制氧自由基和蛋白水解酶释放，稳定细胞膜，调节细胞因子和抑制过度的炎症反应等作用。动物实验已经证实利多卡因预防性及打击后早期给药可以减轻多种因素诱发急性肺损伤的程度（包括高氧、盐酸吸入、胰酶及蛋白酶诱导、内毒素诱导及缺血再灌注损伤等）。但利多卡因剂量与减轻急性肺损伤程度的关系尚不清楚。本研究探讨利多卡因是否能减轻内毒素诱导兔肺部的炎症反应，最终减轻肺损伤及量效关系。     

艾司氯胺酮对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织细胞焦亡的影响

目的:评价艾司氯胺酮对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织细胞焦亡的影响。方法:SPF级健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只,体重200～220 g,8周龄。采用随机数字表法分为3组( n＝10)：对照组(C组)、内毒素性急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和艾司氯胺酮组(E组)。采用腹腔注射LPS 10 mg/kg的方法制备大鼠内毒素...     

地塞米松对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织MKP-1表达的影响

目的 评价地塞米松对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(MKP-1)表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠54只,体重180～ 230 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组:对照组(C组,n=6)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组,n=24)和地塞米松组(D组,n=24).ALI组和D组尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg制备大鼠急性肺损伤模型,C组给予等容量生理盐水,D组于注射LPS前30 min时腹腔注射地塞米松6 mg/kg.C组于注射生理盐水后1 h(T1)时,ALl组和D组分别于注射LPS后1、3和6 h(T1-3)时,随机处死8只大鼠,取肺组织,检测MKP-1和磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶MAKP(p-p38MAPK)的表达.T3时回收支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定蛋白和TNF-α的浓度;观察肺组织病理学结果.另取32只SD大鼠,体重180～ 230 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=16):急性肺损伤组(ALI1组)和地塞米松组(D1组),处理方法同上.观察48 h内大鼠生存情况.结果 与C组比较,ALI组BALF中蛋白和TNF-α的浓度升高,T1-3时p-p38MAKP表达上调,T2.3时MKP-1表达下调,D组BALF中TNF-α浓度升高,T1-3时p-p38MAKP和MKP-1表达上调(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,D组BALF中蛋白和TNF-α的浓度下降,T1-3时p-p38MAKP表达下调,MKP-1表达上调(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻.D1组大鼠生存率高于ALI1组(P＜0.05).结论 地塞米松减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的机制与上调肺组织MKP-1的表达,抑制p38MAPK的磷酸化,降低炎性反应有关.     

颈脊髓横断对内毒素大鼠全身炎症反应、急性肺损伤及预后的影响

本研究旨在观察颈脊髓横断对内毒索大鼠全身炎症反应、急性肺损伤及预后的影响,现将结果报道如下.     

糖皮质激素受体在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤中的作用

目的 评价糖皮质激素受体(GR)在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤中的作用及可能机制.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重180 ～ 230 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组:对照组(C组,n=6)、RU486组(GR特异性拮抗剂组,R组,n=6)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组,n=24)、RU486+ ALI组(RA组,n=24).ALI组尾静脉注射内毒素(LPS)5 mg/kg制备大鼠急性肺损伤模型,C组给予等容量生理盐水,R组皮下注射GR拮抗剂RU486 20 mg/kg,RA组注射RU486 20 mg/kg 90 min后注射LPS.ALI组及RA组分别于注射LPS后1、3和6 h(T1～3)时,各组随机取8只大鼠,C组与R组于注射生理盐水、RU486 1 h后处死取肺,检测p-p38MAPK、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(MKP-1)的表达.T3时回收支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定蛋白和TNF-α的浓度;计算细胞凋亡指数;观察肺组织病理学结果.另取32只大鼠,体重180 ～ 230 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=16):急性肺损伤组(ALI1组)、RU486+ ALI组(RA1组),处理方法同上.观察48 h内大鼠生存情况.结果 与C组相比,ALI组、RA组BALF蛋白浓度和TNF-α浓度、细胞凋亡指数升高(P＜0.05)、病理学损伤加重;T1～3时p-p38MAPK表达上调,ALI组T2,3时MKP-1表达下调,RA组T1-3时MKP-1表达下调(P＜0.05);与ALI组相比,RA组BALF蛋白浓度和TNF-α浓度、细胞凋亡指数增加,T1～3时p-p38MAPK表达上调(P＜0.05),T2.3时MKP-1表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),RA1组大鼠生存率低于ALI1组(P＜0.05).结论 GR参与大鼠内毒素急性肺损伤的发生发展,其机制与抑制p38MAPK信号转导通路,降低肺组织细胞凋亡有关.     

地塞米松对内毒素性急性肺损伤兔肺的保护作用

本研究拟探讨在内毒素感染早期应用地塞米松阻断急性肺损伤(ALI)发生发展的作用机理。     

Apigenin Attenuates Inflammation in Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury

Background: Acute pancreatitis is associated with acute lung injury. The aim of the present study is to evaluate alterations of lungs in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis (AP) following both bilio-pancreatic duct obstruction close to the duodenum. Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with significant mortality. This situation makes the need of finding protective factors for the lung parenchyma, imperative. In the present study there is an effort to clarify the role of apigenin, a substance which is well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on lung injury, following acute pancreatitis in rats. Materials and methods: In the present study, 126 male Wistar-type rats 3–4 months old and 220–350 g weight were used. At time 0 we randomly assigned the following groups: Group Sham: Rats were subjected to virtual surgery. Group Control: Rats were subjected to surgery for induction of acute pancreatitis. Group Apigenin: Rats were subjected to surgery for induction of acute pancreatitis and enteral feeding with apigenin. Immunochemistry for TNF-α and IL-6 as well as MPO activity were measured at predetermined time intervals 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, in order to evaluate architectural disturbances of the lung tissue. Results: From the pathological reports we realized that comparing the control group with the apigenin group, there is an improvement of lung tissue damage following apigenin administration, with statistical significance. Apigenin reduces most histopathological alterations of the pulmonary tissue, reduces MPO and TNF-α activity at 48 hours and, furthermore, reduces IL-6 activity at 72 hours post-administration. Conclusions: Oral Apigenin administration in rats, following experimental induced acute pancreatitis, seems to be protective on the lung tissue. Apigenin administration to humans could potentially ameliorate acute lung injuries. However, special caution is required for humans' use, as more detailed studies are needed.     

Suppression of RAGE and TLR9 by Ketamine Contributes to Attenuation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ketamine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by the inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). ALI was induced in rats by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg), and ketamine (5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h after LPS administration. Meanwhile, A549 alveolar epithelial cells were incubated with LPS in the presence or absence of ketamine. After 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. Ketamine posttreatment at doses of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, posttreatment with ketamine-inhibited inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and high-mobility group box 1 in BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ketamine-inhibited LPS-induced RAGE and TLR9 protein up-expressions and the phosphorylation of I-κB-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in vivo and in vitro. The results presented here suggest that the protective mechanism of ketamine may be attributed partly to decreased production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of RAGE/TLR9-NF-κB pathway.     

攻下药物对重型急性胰腺炎急性肺损伤模型大鼠的治疗作用观察

目的:观察急性重型胰腺炎急性肺损伤动物模型肺泡巨噬细胞计数、活性、分泌炎性细胞因子功能变化及药物对其影响。方法:制备大鼠重型胰腺炎模型,采取肺泡巨噬细胞做各项指标检测及病理学检查。结果:模型组病理表现为明显的肺损伤,大承气汤治疗效果最显著。模型组肺泡巨噬细胞计数、活性、分泌炎性细胞因子显著高于对照组(P<0-01) ,各治疗组显著低于模型组( P< 0-01) ,善得定抑制巨噬细胞分泌炎性细胞因子作用最强,大承气汤抑制巨噬细胞数量较显著。结论:肺泡巨噬细胞过度活化,过度分泌炎性细胞因子是重型急性胰腺炎急性肺损伤发病的重要原因之一。中药能控制过度的炎性反应状态,对受损伤的肺组织细胞具有保护作用     

大承气汤和活血清胰汤对重型急性胰腺炎肺损伤治疗的实验研究

目的:研究重型急性胰腺炎(SAP)急性肺损伤的发生机制以及中西医结合治疗的机理.方法:应用大鼠重型急性胰腺炎模型,对比观察大承气汤(DT)、活血清胰汤(HQ)和善得定(SS)三种治疗方法对SAP模型大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞计数、活性以及巨噬细胞分泌的肿瘤细胞坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响.结果:SAP模型组肺泡巨噬细胞计数及活性、IL-1、IL-6和TNF明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),各治疗组肺泡巨噬细胞计数及活性、IL-1、IL-6和TNF明显低于SAP模型组(P＜0.05).结论:在SAP急性肺损伤中巨噬细胞聚集于肺泡并分泌大量细胞因子,大承气汤、活血清胰汤和善得定可以抑制肺泡巨噬细胞活化和分泌细胞因子,从而对SAP急性肺损伤起到保护作用.     

清胰汤对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎时急性肺损伤治疗作用的观察

目的 :探讨中药清胰汤在治疗重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)时对急性肺损伤 (ALI)的保护机制 ,为临床用药提供确切的理论依据。 方法 :Wistar大鼠制备大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤模型 ,随机分成 3组 :假手术对照组 (SHAM) ,SAP模型组 (SAP) ,SAP +清胰汤治疗组 (QYT)。分别于造模后 2 4h测定动脉血气、血清淀粉酶的含量、血清内毒素及血清和肺组织匀浆中的TNF、IL - 6、MDA、SOD的含量、肺湿重 /干重比值以及肺组织病理学改变。 结果 :①SAP模型组内毒素、TNF、IL - 6、氧自由基、肺湿重 /干重比值均较SHAM组明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。动脉血气显示肺损伤严重 ,肺组织病理学形态改变加重。②QYT组各检测指标均较SAP组明显改善 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 :清胰汤通过保护肠屏障 ,减少了细菌移位 ,降低血清中内毒素水平 ,防止过氧化损伤 ,纠正机体致炎和抗炎系统失衡等多方面机制而对肺脏起到全面保护作用。     

阻断腹腔淋巴回流减轻重症腹腔感染大鼠急性肺损伤

目的:观察胸导管结扎和引流对重症腹腔感染大鼠急性肺损伤的影响。方法:40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(SO)组、腹腔感染模型(IAI)组、胸导管结扎(TL)组和胸导管结扎加引流(TLD)组,采用人工胃液联合大肠杆菌腹腔内注射制备大鼠腹腔感染模型,TL组和TLD组分别于制模后2 h行胸导管结扎和胸导管结扎并引流。各组大鼠分别于制模后6h观察肺和回肠组织病理改变和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性变化,取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)行细胞学分析和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量测定。结果:与模型组比较,TL组和TLD组大鼠肺组织病理损伤减轻,MPO活性降低,BALF的中性粒细胞百分比、TNF-α含量降低(P<0.05)。结论:阻断腹腔淋巴回流能减少腹腔感染大鼠肺组织中性粒细胞浸润和TNF-α释放,从而减轻肺损伤。     

Nadroparine Blunts Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hypothermia and Behavioral Depression in Mice

Introduction: Despite the use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and intensive care support, sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical clinics. Low-molecular weight heparin treatment may reduce mortality and end-organ failure in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low-molecular weight heparins such as nadroparine, enoxaparine, and dalteparine on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute phase reaction in mice. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally to produce a systemic inflammatory response and septic shock-like effects in adult male BALB/c mice. Mices were treated with low-molecular weight heparins (nadroparine, enoxaparine, dalteparine) and unfractioned heparin in different doses and times. Rectal temperature and spontaneous locomotor activity of the mice were evaluated. Results: Lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) produced a hypothermia that occurred 20 minutes after injection. Nadroparine pretreatment (23.75 U/kg, sc) 2 hours before lipopolysaccharide challenge, but not synchronous injection, inhibited the hypothermic response. Pretreatment with equivalent doses of enoxaparine or dalteparine had no effect on the hypothermia. The high dose of lipopolysaccharide (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) caused more profound hypothermia and also inhibited spontaneous locomotor activity 24 hours after injection. Synchronous nadroparine administration partially attenuated the hypothermia and significantly abolished the depression of spontaneous locomotor activity. Conclusions: The results suggest that some low-molecular weight heparins such as nadroparine might be beneficial in high-risk surgical patients because of their potential anti-inflammatory action, in addition to their efficiency in preventing thrombo-embolic complications.