生物芯片在SLE检测中的应用与展望

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)是一种自身免疫性疾病和多基因疾病。临床上以多器官和组织非感染性炎症及血清中多种自身抗体出现为其特点。随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成，基因研究的重点正从结构转向功能。近年来发展起来的微阵列技术(生物芯片技术)以其快速、灵敏、高通量、并行性检测等优点在SLE致病基因结构与功能研究等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。本文对生物芯片技术在SLE易感基因表达谱及其突变体检测中的应用做一简要综述，并对SLE疾病自身免疫性抗体的蛋白质芯片检测的前景进行了预测。     

滴金免疫法检测血清肌红蛋白的临床应用评价

本文采用滴金免疫半定量法测定了８２名正常人，３２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）和２９例非ＡＭＩ心脏病患者血清中Ｍｂ的含量，同时检测肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＫ），ＣＫ－ＭＢ作对照，探讨了快速检测血Ｍｂ对鉴别急性胸痛的病因的临床应用价值及对ＡＭＩ诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果显示，以Ｍｂ浓度１００μｇ／Ｌ为预报值，则对ＡＭＩ的诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为８４．３８％和８６．２１％，明显优于ＣＫ。滴金法检测Ｍｂ操作简便迅速，是一项值得推广的免疫检验技术。     

低强度半导体绿色激光对犬血管内照射血液某些指标持续效应的实验研究(五)

１９９６年，我们用半导体绿色激光对犬进行血管内照射，对其安全阈值（功率与剂量）进行了实验研究，发现，该激光在功率小于２ｍＷ时是安全的，而大于２ｍＷ时对犬某些生理生化指标有不同程度的不良影响，但它是可逆的，一般在６～１０天即可恢复［１］。为了进一步了解该激光的生物效应，我们又分别观察了１．５ｍＷ、１．０ｍＷ和０．５ｍＷ照射时某些指标的变化情况，并同时以Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光作对照。本文着重观察其停照后持续效应的强弱，为今后临床应用提供了疗程间隔的实验依据。实验结果表明：低强度半导体绿光的持续效应有时强于同等条件下的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光。     

高龄子痫前期孕妇血AT1-AA、tTG水平变化及对妊娠结局的预测价值探讨

目的 探讨抗血管紧张素II 1型受体自身抗体(AT1-AA)、组织型转谷氨酰胺酶(tTG)在高龄子痫前期(PE)孕妇血液中的表达及对不良妊娠结局的预测价值。方法 选择2019年9月至2022年10月在我院就诊的100例高龄PE患者作为研究对象,根据该100例孕妇的妊娠结局将其分为良好组(n=78)及不良组(n=22),另选取同期来我院进行一般体检的50例健康高龄孕妇作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组孕妇血液中AT1-AA、tTG表达并进行对比;Spearman相关系数分析AT1-AA、tTG表达与高龄PE孕妇不良妊娠结局的相关性;ROC分别分析AT1-AA、tTG联合检测对高龄孕妇发生PE及高龄PE患者发生不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果 3组孕妇血清AT1-AA、tTG表达差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关系数验证AT1-AA、tTG与高龄PE孕妇发生不良妊娠结局之间呈显著的正相关关系(r_s=0.674、0.712,P<0.05);ROC显示AT1-AA、tTG联合检测对预测高龄孕妇是否发生PE的灵敏度为89.00...     

检测DM2患者血清CRP、fBS和血浆Fb、HbA1c水平对预测视网膜病变的临床价值

目的：检测2型糖尿病（DM2）及视网膜病变（DR）患者血清CRP、血浆纤维蛋白原（Fb）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平及其相互关系,探讨对预测DR风险的临床价值。方法：141例DM2患者分为单纯糖尿病（DM2）组（80例）、合并DR组（61例）和正常对照组60例;同时检测其血清CRP、空腹血糖（fBS）和血浆Fb、HbA1c水平,对三组指标进行相关性分析。结果：DM2合并DR组CRP、Fb水平明显高于对正常照组和DM2组,而与fBS、HbA1c水平比较则无统计学意义;CRP与Fb水平变化呈明显正相关（r=0.78,P〈0.01）,与fBS和HbA1c水平变化呈正相关关系不明显（r=0.02、r=0.06,P〉0.05）。结论：DM2患者血清CRP、血浆Fb水平变化与DR有密切关系,因而检测这两种指标有助于预测DM2患者发生DR的风险。     

小儿急性白血病血液中LPO、SOD含量的测定及其临床意义

本文对12例未经治疗的小儿急性白血病（AL）患者及8例小儿正常对照者血浆脂质过氧化物（LPO）、全血超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）进行测定,结果显示：白血病的LPO和SOD与正常对照组比较,差别均具有显著性意义（P＜0．0005）。结果提示：LPO、SOD与AL有密切关系,可供探讨AL与自由基的关系及临床诊断作参考。     

基于灰度共生矩阵和人工神经网络的肺癌CT图像的分类研究

目的研究小细胞肺癌（SCLC）和非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的分类问题。方法217例肺癌患者．其中男性165例．殳性52例;年龄35～80岁,平均年龄61．5岁。其中SCLC108例,NSCLC109例。提取患者764幅肺癌CT图像的灰度共生矩阵,选取对比度、熵、能量和逆差矩4个特征值,借助临床确诊结果,利用多层前向（BP）、径向基函数（RBF）人工神经网络对特征进行训练测试。结果BP人工神经网络对10％的78例样本进行测试,SCLC42例预测正确．NSCLC33例预测正确．3例预测失败。RBF神经网络对10％的78例测试样本进行测试,SCLC42例预测正确．NSCLC36例预测正确、类似方法对样本总数的70％进行训练,用30％的230例进行测试;BP人工神经网络有209例预测正确。正确率为90．9％：其中SCLC111例预测正确,正确检出率为88．8％;NSCLC98例预测正确,正确检出率为93.3％。RBF人工神经网络有216例预测正确．正确率为93．9％,其中SCLC117例预测正确,正确率为93．6％;NSCLC99例预测正确,止确检出率为94.3％。可见BP、RBF人1二神经网络对SCLC和NSCLC均具有90％以上的正确率,高于人工诊断结果。结论基于灰度共生矩阵的对比度、熵、能量和逆差矩4个特征值能反映SCLC和NSCLC的有效特征参量．通过人工神经网络能达到分类目的,辅助临床治疗。     

后循环梗死患者的BAEP、BR、TSEP检测

目的：探讨后循环脑梗死（PCI）患者脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）、瞬目反射（BR）、三叉神经诱发电位（TSEP）三种电生理变化。方法：选择60例经头颅MRI检查证实为PCI患者（病例组）,分别于入院一周之内行BAEP、BR、TSEP检查,观察BAEP波形及I、Ⅲ、V波潜伏期（PL）、峰间期（IPL）,计算BR既R1、R2、R2波平均PI。、波幅及TSEP各成分PL,并与40例健康体检者作对照。结果：病例组60例中BAEP异常35例（58％）,异常主要表现为I、V波的PL、I—V波的IPL延长和I／V波幅比〉1。BR异常33例（55％）,异常主要表现为R2波的PL延长,R2、R2’波幅下降。TSEP检查病例组与对照组PL比较未见明显差异。结论：BAEP、BR两种电生理检查方法能够较好地检测出PCI患者神经功能异常,联合应用BAEP及BR能够为PCI患者的神经功能的判断提供重要参考。     

儿童不典型失神发作的录像脑电图分析

目的：研究儿童不典型失神发作的临床表现和脑电图（EEG）特征。方法：以“不典型失神发作（AAS）”和“慢棘慢复合波”为关键词,在我科录像脑电图（V-EEG）数据库中搜索,找到符合AAS患儿19例,回放这19例患儿的V—EEG资料,对临床表现与EEG进行同步分析。结果：在19例中,14例（74％）监测到2～5次AAS,表现为发作性意识减低,持续数秒至数分钟,另5例（26％）为持续状态;发作期EEG10例（53％）为广泛性高波幅1．5～2．5Hz棘慢复合波发放,7例（37％）为广泛性高波幅不规则棘慢复合波发放、2例（10％）为弥漫性高波幅慢波发放。19例（100％）均合并有其他形式的癫痫发作,其中合并肌阵挛发作8例,失张力发作4例,全面强直阵挛发作4例,强直发作5例,部分性发作3例。诊断为Lennox-Gastaut综合征5例,慢波睡眠期持续棘慢波癫痫2例,癫痫伴肌阵挛一站立不能发作1例,婴儿严重肌阵挛癫痫1例,Angelmen综合征5例。结论：儿童AAS以发作性意识减低和广泛性慢棘慢波为主要特征,合并多种癫痫发作形式,V—EEG是诊断AAS的重要手段。     

同型半胱氨酸浓度变化与妊娠高血压综合征患者的关系

目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和叶酸（FA）水平与妊娠高血压的相关性。方法采用化学发光法及荧光标记免疫法检测30例妊高征妇女和30例正常孕妇女（对照组）血清Hcy与FA含量。结果正常妊娠组血清Hcy和FA水平与妊娠期高血压组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论测定妊娠期孕妇血清FA、Hcy水平对指导孕妇合理饮食,减少和预防妊娠高血压的发生有重要的意义。     

Sources of clinical engineering employment information.

Information regarding Clinical Engineering employment opportunities is scattered among many sources. There are many paths that can be followed in searching for employment. This article contains a collection and discussion of these sources, and paths to employment, written from the viewpoint of a student or a recent graduate looking for a Clinical Engineering position.     

A driveable bundle of microwires for collecting single-unit data from freely-moving rats

A technique is described for making a sturdy, driveable electrode array of ten fine wires. This moveable array is a modification of a stationary electrode [4]. It has a number of notable advantages over other electrodes designed for recording single-unit activity in freely-moving small mammals. With this electrode many single cells can be recorded in each animal, cells can be held for many days, and recording quality is very good.     

Quality assurance of brachytherapy afterloaders using a multi-slit phantom

Brachytherapy is a very successful treatment option for many different tumors. Consequently the quality assurance (QA) of afterloaders is of special interest. For many quality checks verification films are essential. Because currently in many clinics the film development units are replaced by computed radiography systems, the question arises of how to perform QA for afterloaders without conventional radiography films. In this note the use of a new designed multi-slit phantom demonstrates the possibility of performing QA checks with high sensitivity computed radiography systems. Because the presented phantom allows a method for imaging the radiation source it might be useful in the development of further QA techniques.     

Mitigation of Gliadin-Induced Inflammation and Cellular Damage by Curcumin in Human Intestinal Cell Lines

Inflammation - Wheat is a major diet from many years; apart from its nutritious value, the wheat protein gliadin is responsible for many inflammatory diseases like celiac disease (CD), and...     

Improvement of antisera raised against complex antigen mixtures by the use of heterologous sources of antigen for immunization

Polyspecific antisera against antigen mixtures are important tools for many experimental purposes. However, following immunization with extracts containing a great number of different proteins, many antigens remain non-immunogenic. Therefore, the improvement of the antibody spectrum of antisera is an essential goal in maximising the power and applicability of many serological analyses. In the present report we demonstrate that the additional use of heterologous (i.e., antigenically related, but not identical) antigen mixtures for immunization increases the variety of antibodies in polyspecific antisera as well as the antibody titer against weak immunogens.     

Participation of adrenal hormones in the genesis of arterial hypertension of hypothalamic origin

Continuous electrical stimulation for many hours of hypothalamic negative emotiogenic centers (the ventromedial nuclei) evoked persistent arterial hypertension with a characteristic phasic dynamics of adrenal secretory activity in waking, immobilized rabbits. Bilateral extirpation of the adrenals lowered the original level of the mean arterial pressure and inhibited the development of persistent arterial hypertension. Stimulation of the above-mentioned hypothalamic structures for many hours in adrenalectomized rabbits, in conjunction with administration of hydrocortisone and adrenalin, evoked persistent arterial hypertension again. After administration of hydrocortisone and adrenalin separately to adrenalectomized rabbits, stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei for many hours resulted in only a transient rise of blood pressure. It is concluded that an essential role in the formation of persistent arterial hypertension in rabbits during continuous stimulation of the hypothalamic negative emotiogenic centers for many hours is played by activation of adrenal cortical and medullary hormones.Department of Normal Physiology and Interclinical Hormonal Laboratory, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 399–402, April, 1976.     

全蝎药理作用研究进展

全蝎是一味应用广泛的传统中药,具有多种药理作用,有丰富的临床应用价值。近年来国内外有关全蝎药理作用的研究较多,本文对此进行总结,希望能为其应用与开发提供理论依据。     

一种医学图像几何特征的自动检测

医学图像配准的方法有许多种，它的原理都是选取合适的图像特征量，根据特征量再来确定配准变换，因此特征量的选取是图像配准的第一步。目前用于配准的图像特征量有多种，如图像边界、图像外标记点等。本文提供了一种提取图像脊特征，作为用于配准的特征量的方法，取得了良好效果。     

肝细胞移植的研究进展

肝细胞移植作为治疗暴发性肝功能衰竭及各种终末期肝病一种安全有效的方法在各种动物模型及临床应用中得到广泛证实,具有创伤小、安全简单、可一肝多用、重复移植、抗原性低等优点。就其细胞来源、移植途径、理论基础及应用等方面的研究进展综述如下。     

Toxicological properties of carrageenan

Summary Food-grade carrageenan is a safe natural product prepared from seaweed. Its addition to food imparts many desirable characteristics which have allowed it to be used continuously for centuries. The long safe history of this natural food additive is confirmed by negative results in subchronic and chronic feeding studies in many animal species, mutagenicity studies and reproductive toxicity studies.