研究滋养细胞侵袭的常用模型

正常妊娠绒毛滋养细胞(extravillous trophoblast,EⅥ)侵入子宫蜕膜、肌层内1/3及螺旋动脉,破坏螺旋动脉血管平滑肌、弹力纤维及神经组织,致螺旋动脉发生"血管重塑".目前,滋养细胞侵袭过程的调控机制是一个研究热点,现对滋养细胞侵袭研究的细胞模型及细胞外基质模型做一综述.     

共培养条件下乳腺癌细胞对淋巴管内皮细胞增殖的影响

目的建立乳腺癌细胞和淋巴管内皮细胞共培养模型,探讨乳腺癌细胞在共培养条件下对淋巴管内皮细胞增殖的影响。方法培养并鉴定淋巴管内皮细胞;利用transwell小室建立乳腺癌细胞与淋巴管内皮细胞体外共培养模型;采用MTT法检测乳腺癌细胞对淋巴管内皮细胞增殖情况。结果VEGFR-3抗体对培养的细胞进行鉴定,为典型淋巴管内皮细胞;MTT法结果显示：在共培养24~72 h时,乳腺癌细胞能够促进共培养条件下淋巴管内皮细胞的增殖（P〈0.05）。结论成功建立乳腺癌细胞和淋巴管内皮细胞共培养模型,乳腺癌细胞能够促进共培养条件下淋巴管内皮细胞的增殖。     

H2O2通过ERK通路抑制绒毛外细胞滋养层细胞的侵袭能力

目的研究活性氧过氧化氢（H2O2）对绒毛外细胞滋养层细胞（EVCT）侵袭行为的影响及其信号传导机制。方法建立EVCT体外培养模型,利用Transwell细胞侵入系统检测EVCT的体外侵袭作用,应用Western blot法评价细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶（ERK1/2）的活性变化,使用CCK-8测定细胞的生长状况。结果与对照组比较,15μmol/LH2O2和50 μmol/L PD98059均可显著抑制EVCT的侵入指数（分别为43.3±4.7,49.3±7.0）（P〈0.01）,同时降低EVCT的ERK1/2磷酸化水平（P〈0.01）,但并不影响EVCT的细胞活力（P〉0.05）。结论 H2O2可能通过抑制ERK1/2的激活,进而影响EVCT的侵袭行为,参与子痫前期的发病机制。     

低氧抑制猪肺动脉平滑肌细胞MMP-2和MMP-9的表达

目的探讨低氧对猪肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMC）分泌基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的影响。方法采用酶谱法测定PASMC培养基中MMP-2和MMP-9的酶活性，免疫印迹法检测培养基中MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表达，免疫组化法测定细胞原位MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表达，RT-PCR法检测mRNA的表达。结果低氧后PASMC分泌的MMP-2酶活性、细胞内外蛋白表达量、mRNA表达量均下降；MMP-9酶活性、细胞外蛋白表达量下降，而细胞内蛋白表达无变化。结论低氧可抑制PASMC分泌MMP-2和MMP-9的酶活性，其机制可能是低氧影响PASMC中MMP-2基因的转录、影响MMP-9蛋白表达后的分泌与活化，导致MMP-2和MMP-9酶活性的改变。     

SDF-1/CXCR4在滋养层细胞中的表达及其在母-胎免疫耐受中的作用

目的:研究趋化因子SDF1及其配体CXCR4在滋养层细胞中的表达及其在母胎免疫耐受中的作用。方法:取早孕期的绒毛,分离纯化培养绒毛外滋层养细胞(extravilloustrophoblast,EVT),用免疫细胞化学染色法检测SDF1与CXCR4在绒毛中的表达。用流式细胞术筛选源于滋养层细胞高表达CXCR4的绒癌细胞株用于体外微孔隔离室迁移实验,以分析SDF1的趋化活性。用免疫组织化学染色法检测早孕期绒毛及足月妊娠胎盘中SDF1及CXCR4的表达。结果:在EVT中可检出SDF1和CXCR4的表达,在一定范围内,SDF1的趋化活性与其浓度呈正相关(r=0.68,P<0.01)。10μg/L的SDF1趋化作用最强,最大趋化指数CI为1.62±0.12。在早孕期的绒毛及足月胎盘中,滋养层细胞的胞膜和细胞质中均检出SDF1和CXCR4的表达,但在足月胎盘中的表达强度明显低于早孕期的绒毛组织(P<0.01)。结论:SDF1/CXCR4在妊娠中发挥着重要作用,对维系母胎免疫耐受具有重要意义。     

IL-10对早孕滋养细胞MMP-9表达的影响

人类滋养细胞的侵入仅限于子宫内膜及肌层的浅层 1/ 3,并于妊娠中期停止[1] 。这一过程受到多种因素的控制 ,ＩＬ 10在整个妊娠过程中都可由胎盘滋养细胞分泌 ,且α6整合素表达阳性的滋养细胞表面也存有ＩＬ 10的受体 ,故ＩＬ 10也是参与该调节的因子之一[2 ] 。侵入并非一个由细胞增殖造成的被动事件 ,而是一个主动的生化过程。滋养细胞通过分泌蛋白酶类获得侵袭能力 ,其中基质金属蛋白酶 9(ＭＭＰ 9)是参与滋养细胞侵入子宫内膜的主要蛋白酶[3 ] 。因此 ,为探讨ＩＬ 10对滋养细胞侵袭力的影响 ,我们采用ＲＴ ＰＣＲ方法 ,观察ＩＬ 10对早…     

孕激素对绒毛外滋养细胞VEGF表达的影响

目的通过研究孕激素对绒毛外滋养细胞孕激素受体(PR)和血管内皮生长因子表达的影响,探讨P对绒毛外滋养细胞侵袭能力的影响及维持妊娠的机理。方法采用半定量PCR和定量PCR测定孕激素干预后绒毛外滋养细胞表达PR mRNA和VEGF mRNA的水平。结果(1)不同浓度的孕激素PRA表达量极低,PRB mRNA的表达没有显著差异(P>0.05);(2)VEGF mRNA与孕激素浓度变化无明显相关,反而与PRB mRNA的水平成反比关系。结论(1)孕激素作用的发挥取决于PR的水平,与激素本身的浓度没有明显关系;(2)PRB能下调滋养细胞分泌VEGF的能力从而抑制其侵袭力,提示PR异常可能是导致绒毛外滋养细胞侵袭能力发生改变而引起相关疾病的原因之一。     

扶正解毒通络方对人肝癌HepG2 细胞MMP-2、MMP-9 表达及细胞侵袭作用的影响

目的:探讨扶正解毒通络方对肝癌HepG2 细胞侵袭作用和基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metallo proteinases,MMP)-2、MMP鄄9 表达水平的影响及可能的作用机制。方法: CCK8 实验检测扶正解毒通络方对HepG2 细胞活性影响;Transwell 侵袭实验检测扶正解毒通络方对HepG2 侵袭能力的影响;ELISA 法检测扶正解毒通络方干预HepG2 细胞后MMP-2和MMP-9 的表达水平。结果:CCK8 实验结果显示,扶正解毒通络方对HepG2 细胞意志呈剂量时间相关性。Transwell 侵袭实验显示,2.65 mg/ ml 扶正解毒通络方对HepG2 细胞侵袭力抑制率为52.45% (P<0.05)。ELISA 检测结果显示,扶正解毒通络方干预后HepG2 细胞上清液中MMP-2 和MMP-9 表达水平下降(P<0.05)。结论:扶正解毒通络方可以抑制肝癌HepG2 细胞的生长和侵袭,其机制可能是通过下调MMP-2、MMP-9 在肝癌细胞HepG2 的表达。     

直接和间接共培养条件下小鼠子宫自然杀伤细胞与树突状细胞相互作用的比较

背景：子宫自然杀伤细胞与树突状细胞可以相互作用,但相互间作用是否必须直接接触还存在不同的观点。 目的：对比直接和间接共培养条件下子宫自然杀伤细胞与树突状细胞之间的相互作用,明确两者相互作用的方式。 方法：将树突状细胞和子宫自然杀伤细胞进行直接接触共培养,设为直接共培养组;在2种细胞Transwell系统中进行共培养,设为间接共培养组。观察培养细胞的生长状况,酶联吸附法检测培养上清白细胞介素10,12、转化生长因子β细胞因子的浓度,流式细胞术检测各组细胞表面标志CD86的表达情况。 结果与结论：与单独培养树突状细胞和子宫自然杀伤细胞相比,直接和间接共培养组培养液上清中白细胞介素10,12、转化生长因子β浓度均增加(P < 0.05),尤以白细胞介素10浓度增加明显(P < 0.05),CD86的表达明显增高 (P < 0.05)。直接共培养组白细胞介素10,12和转化生长因子β浓度更高(P < 0.05),表达CD86的细胞含量更多 (P < 0.05)。证实子宫自然杀伤细胞可以促进树突状细胞成熟,而树突状细胞促进子宫自然杀伤细胞的分泌,两者通过细胞间的直接接触而相互作用。     

外周血单个核细胞与HepG2.215细胞共培养体系的研究

目的建立外周血单个核细胞与HepG2.215细胞共培养体系,探讨不同培养基及效靶比对共培养体系的影响。方法分离正常人外周血单个核细胞,加入植物血凝素（PHA）,置于不同的培养基（DMEM、RPMI1640）中进行培养,采用不同效靶比（5∶1、10∶1、20∶1、40∶1）构建PBMCs与HepG2.215细胞共培养体系。用倒置显微镜观察细胞的形态及生长情况,台盼蓝拒染法检测PBMCs与HepG2.215细胞的细胞活力,cck-8法检测HepG2.215细胞的增殖活性。结果 DMEM培养基培养的HepG2.215细胞的细胞活力比RPMI1640培养基培养的细胞高;而两种培养基培养的PBMCs的细胞活力无明显变化。共培养条件下,PBMCs对HepG2.215细胞增殖活性的抑制作用随效靶比的不同而有所差别,效靶比为20∶1时抑制作用最强。结论在PBMCs与HepG2.215细胞共培养体系中,细胞培养基和效靶比对HepG2.215细胞的生长有影响。     

Isolation and characterization of human smooth muscle cells from umbilical cord vein and their reconstitution in a vascular co-culture model with underlying endothelial cells

Smooth muscle cells have been isolated from human umbilical cord veins, characterized and cultured for the development of an endothelialsmooth muscle cell co-culture system. After harvesting endothelial cells, the umbilical cords were trimmed of amnion, connective tissue and arteries, split into pieces, cut open longitudinally and placed with the luminal surface of the explant down onto a culture plate, without the use of proteolytic enzymes. Adherent primary cells were sequentially passaged and various cytological/biochemical characterizations were performed between passages 2 and 10. Cells stained positive for antibodies against smooth muscle actin, negative for antibodies against factor VIII and displayed typical hill and valley morphology when confluent. Cell proliferation was stimulated and supported in a concentration-dependent manner by both human serum and fetal bovine serum over the range 1%–20%. The use of human serum at concentrations >10% decreased the population doubling time during exponential growth by circa 50%. The cells were also characterized by high seeding efficiencies (>70%) and retained their diploid karyotype for up to 3 months in culture. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells prepared from umbilical veins were then seeded at varying densities onto either side of porous tissue culture inserts coated with fibronectin. Utilising the measurement of electrical resistance, the optimal seeding density of 5×10⁴ cells/cm² for each cell type gave maximal resistance across the cell bi-layer already after 24 hours, which remaining essentially unaltered for up to 4 days of culture and which was always substantially higher than the resistance of filters seeded only with endothelial cells on one side. This was not substantially affected either by increasing passage of the HUVSM cells cultured with a fixed passage of endothelial cells, or by varying the donor origin of the endothelial cells. In terms of functionality of the selective permeability of the model, the calcium ionophore ionomycin (25 M), added to the endothelial side of the bi-layer, caused a 30% reduction in the electrical resistance across the co-culture within 60 minutes, with control resistance being re-established within 1 hour of removal of the ionophore by washing. These results clearly indicate that smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells prepared from the same human blood vessel can be reconstituted into a functional vascular model suitable for the study of biochemical, physiological and toxicological phenomena in the human vascular wall.Abbreviations BCA bicinchoninic acid - BSA bovine serum albumin - DMEM DMEM medium supplemented with 4.5 g/l glucose, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 g/ml streptomycin and 1.25 g/ml fungizone - DMEM-1 DMEM supplemented with 20% FBS, 300 IU/ml penicillin, 300 g/ml streptomycin and 3.75 mg/ml fungizone - DMEM-2 DMEM supplemented with 20% FBS, 100 IU/ml of penicillin, 100 g/ml of streptomycin and 1.25 g/ml of fungizone - DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide - FBS fetal bovine serum - HPF human pulmonary fibroblasts - HS human serum - HUVE human umbilical vein endothelial - HUVSM human umbilical vein smooth muscle - M199 M199 medium supplemented with 20% HS, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 g/ml streptomycin, 1.25 g/ml fungizone and 2 mM L-glutamine - P passage number - PBS phosphate buffered saline - TCA trichloroacetic acid - vwF von Willebrand factor (factor VIII)     

ET-1促进人血管平滑肌细胞的表型变化和增殖

目的：研究ET-1与VSMC表型变化和增殖的关系。方法：用MTT法研究ET—1对平滑肌细胞增殖的影响，^3H-TdR法测定ET-1对平滑肌细胞DNA合成的作用，流式细胞仪法观察对平滑肌细胞增殖周期的影响，逆转录聚合酶链法观察对平滑肌细胞表型变化的影响。结果：与对照组比较，ET-1明显促进平滑肌细胞增殖；促进平滑肌细胞DNA合成；促进平滑肌细胞从G0期向S期的转变，G0／G1期细胞百分比明显降低，而S期细胞百分比增加；促进平滑肌细胞的表型转化，从第2d到第7d随时间延长1-Caldesmon表达逐渐增高。结论：ET-1促进平滑肌细胞表型转化，同时对平滑肌细胞增殖亦有明显的促进作用。     

人脐动脉平滑肌细胞培养及转染TFPI基因的实验研究

Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene on cell cycle of human vascular smooth muscle cells.Methods Human vascular smooth muscle cells were separated from human umbilical artery and identified by immunohistochemical staining.The cells were transfected with various amount of pIRES-TFPI plasmid (1,2,and 3 μg/ml,respectively)and the TFPI expression in the cells were analyzed by RT-PCR.MTT assay was employed to detect the effect of TFPI gene on the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells.Results The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was inhibited in pIRES-TFPI group 5 and 7 days after gene transfection when compared with that of pIRES 1-neo transfection group.Conclusion The overexpression of TFPI gene in human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells may contribute to the suppression of the proliferation of cells by gene transfection.     

Inhibitory effect of rapamycin on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells

Abstract

Objective: Rapamycin has a protective cardiovascular effect and inhibits proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. We investigated the effects of rapamycin on proliferation of cultured human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) by determining interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.

Materials and methods: Adherent third-generation primary-cultured HUASMCs were used in the study, and MTT assay was used to measure the effects of different rapamycin concentrations on cell proliferation at various time points (3–96?h). RT-PCR was used to measure IL-6 mRNA expression and ELISA was used to measure IL-6 protein expression.

Results: After three passages, HUASMCs displayed >90% confluence. Inhibition of cell proliferation by rapamycin was both time and dose dependent. When the action concentration of rapamycin was 100?ng·mL^–1, the inhibitory effect was strongest after 48?h (30.25?±?2.40)%, and the follow-up study was conducted after 48?h. When the action time of rapamycin was 48?h, the inhibitory effect of 150?ng·mL^–1 at the action concentration was the strongest, and the inhibitory rate was (42.88?±?3.84)%. There was no significant difference between the inhibitory effect and the action concentration of 100?ng·mL^–1 (p>.05). Moreover, low (2?ng·mL^–1), moderate (10?ng·mL^–1), and high (100?ng·mL^–1) rapamycin concentrations down-regulated both IL-6 mRNA and expression factor in a dose-dependent manner.

Discussion and conclusions: Rapamycin inhibits proliferation of HUASMCs in vitro and through down-regulation of IL-6 expression.     

人脐动脉平滑肌细胞培养及转染TFPI基因的实验研究

目的 探讨组织因子途径抑制因子（TFPI）基因对人脐动脉血管平滑肌细胞生长的影响,为TFPI基因用于血管再狭窄的治疗提供理论依据和实验基础.方法 从人脐动脉分离平滑肌细胞,通过免疫组化方法进行细胞鉴定;用不同剂量pIRES-TFPI基因（分别为1,2,3 μg/mL）转染血管平滑肌细胞,采用RT-PCR测定细胞内TFPI表达以优化基因转染条件;通过MTT法测定TFPI基因对人脐动脉血管平滑肌细胞生长的影响.结果 分离得到的血管平滑肌细胞的纯度高于90%;3个剂量的基因转染后,细胞内TFPI基因的表达水平无明显差异.采用2 μg/mL转染剂量时,TFPI基因转染后第5天,脐动脉血管平滑肌的生长受到明显抑制.结论 通过基因转染的方式将TFPI基因导入细胞对人脐动脉平滑肌的增殖具有抑制作用.     

剪切修复基因XPD抑制Ox-LDL诱导人脐动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖

目的:探讨剪切修复基因——着色性干皮病D组基因(XPD)在氧化低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)促血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用及机制。方法:将重组质粒pEGFP-N2/XPD利用脂质体转染人脐动脉平滑肌细胞(HUASMCs),实验分为空白对照组、空载质粒pEGFP-N2组、重组质粒pEGFP-N2/XPD组、Ox-LDL组、Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2组和Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD组。用MTT法和Ed U法测定各组细胞的增殖率;流式细胞术检测各组细胞周期分布;利用Western blot法检测XPD、caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白水平。结果:Western blot实验结果发现,与空白对照组相比,pEGFP-N2/XPD组的XPD表达增加(P0.05),表明转染成功;MTT和Ed U检测结果显示,pEGFP-N2/XPD组的细胞增殖率较空白对照组降低(P0.05);与Ox-LDL组比较,Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD组细胞增殖明显被抑制(P0.05)。流式细胞术的检测结果显示,与空白对照组比较,pEGFP-N2/XPD组的S期细胞比例明显减少(P0.05),G0/G1期细胞比例明显增多(P0.05);与Ox-LDL组比较,Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD组的S期细胞比例减少(P0.05),G0/G1期细胞比例明显增多(P0.05)。Western blot结果显示,与对照组比较,pEGFP-N2/XPD组的cleaved caspase-3和Bax蛋白水平增加(P0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P0.05);与Ox-LDL组比较,Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD组的cleaved caspase-3和Bax蛋白水平增加(P0.01),Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。结论:XPD能抑制HUASMCs的增殖并促其凋亡,还能抑制Ox-LDL的促HUASMCs增殖作用,有可能成为抗动脉粥样硬化治疗的靶点。     

神经调节蛋白1对冠状动脉平滑肌细胞表达血管生成因子的影响

目的:探讨神经调节蛋白1(neuregulin-1,NRG-1)对人冠状动脉平滑肌细胞(HCASMCs)表达血管生成因子的影响。方法:培养HCASMCs,实验使用第3代细胞。用Western blot法检测细胞Erb B的表达和磷酸化。在正常、缺氧缺血清或NRG-1(100μg/L)处理条件下,用Western blot法检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管生成素1(Ang-1)和血管生成素2(Ang-2)表达的改变。结果:Erb B2、Erb B3和Erb B4均能在HCASMCs中表达,加入NRG-1后,这3种Erb B的磷酸化水平均增加。与对照组比较,在缺氧缺血清组HCASMCs中VEGF和Ang-1的表达明显增加(P0.05),而Ang-2的表达差异无统计学显著性。与缺氧缺血清组比较,NRG-1处理组的HCASMCs表达VEGF和Ang-1进一步显著增加(P0.05),而Ang-2的表达差异无统计学显著性。结论:HCASMCs能表达Erb B2、Erb B3和Erb B4,加入NRG-1增强Erb B2、Erb B3和Erb B4的磷酸化。缺氧缺血清和NRG-1处理均能增加VEGF和Ang-1在HCASMCs中的表达。     

三种实用而简单的急性酶分离动脉平滑肌细胞的方法

目的:探讨有效而简便的获取单个动脉平滑肌细胞的方法。方法:应用三种急性酶分离细胞的方法分离人体肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞,采用单通道膜片钳和穿孔膜片钳技术,记录该细胞上的大电导钙激活钾通道(Large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels,BKCa)电流。结果:三种急性酶分离细胞方法均可有效的获取较高质量的单个人体肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞,并成功应用于电生理膜片钳实验中,且记录的电流稳定,记录时间长。结论:这三种分离单个血管平滑肌细胞的急性酶分离方法简单而实用,为今后的进一步研究提供有效而简便的方法。