类风湿关节炎患者外周血单个核细胞中PADI4 mRNA的表达及其意义

目的检测类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4(PADI4)mRNA的表达,分析其与RA患者的临床指标的相关性,探讨PADI4在RA发病机制中的作用及意义。方法实时定量PCR检测RA组(60例)、正常对照组(40例)PBMCs中PADI4 mRNA表达,并分析其与抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、疾病活动指数DAS28评分、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、类风湿因子(RF)及病程等指标的关系。结果 RA组PADI4 mRNA相对表达[34.6(16.7,70.8)],明显高于正常对照组[20.6(11.1,51.8)](P<0.05)。RA组中PADl4 mRNA表达与抗CCP抗体、DAS28评分水平、ESR、RF呈正相关(r=0.527,P<0.001;r=0.416,P=0.001;r=0.371,P=0.004;r=0.287,P=0.030),与CRP、病程无相关性(r=0.015,P=0.919;r=0.064,P=0.625)。结论 RA病人外周血PBMCs PADI4 mRNA表达显著增高,并与抗CCP抗体水平、DAS28评分、ESR、RF呈正相关,可能是RA病情活动的一个有用的指标,PADI4可能在RA的发病和病理过程中起重要作用。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶的分子特征及在相关疾病中的作用机制

牙龈卟啉单胞菌肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶是动物内源性肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶的同工酶,通过Por系统分泌并催化精氨酸的瓜氨酸化。近年研究发现,牙龈卟啉单胞菌肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶可以影响牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜的形成,降低机体的免疫防御功能,与多种疾病如牙周病及类风湿关节炎的发生发展有关。本文对于牙龈卟啉单胞菌肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶的分...     

PAD4介导H3cit促结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化的机制研究

目的 探究肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4(PAD4)介导的瓜氨酸化组蛋白H3(H3cit)在结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮间质转化中的作用及其相关机制。方法 收集我院30例结肠癌患者的血清和30例健康受试者的血清,ELISA检测血清中PAD4和H3cit水平,并分析两者相关性。将oe-NC、过表达PAD4(oe-PAD4)和sh-NC、sh-NLRP3载体转染至人结肠癌SW480细胞中,并设为oe-NC组、oe-PAD4组、oe-PAD4+sh-NC组、oe-PAD4+sh-NLRP3组。采用qRT-PCR检测PAD4、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18基因表达水平;Western blot检测PAD4、H3cit、NLRP3、E-cadherin、N-cadherin蛋白表达;CCK-8检测细胞增殖水平;Transwell检测细胞侵袭水平;ChIP-qPCR检测H3cit在NLRP3转录起始位点（TSS）的富集水平。结果 与健康受试者比较,结肠癌患者血清中PAD4和H3cit水平均升高,且两者呈正相关（P<0.05）。与oe-NC组比较,oe-PAD4组PAD4、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL...     

PADI4-siRNA-MSN 的构建及其在 RA 防治中的初步应用

目的:制备介孔二氧化硅纳米载体(MSN)并包载肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4(PADI4)小干扰RNA(PADI4鄄siRNA鄄MSN),阐明PADI4鄄siRNA鄄MSN 对类风湿关节炎成纤维滑膜细胞(RA鄄FLS)凋亡的影响。方法:采用模板法合成MSN,包被阳离子聚合物聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)及荧光标记分子罗丹明B(RhB),检测其表征,包括粒径、Zeta 电势、荧光和形貌。设计并合成2 对FAM 标记的针对PADI4 基因编码区的干扰核苷酸链(si鄄944、si鄄1225)及阴性对照si鄄NC,制备PADI4鄄siRNA鄄MSN 和si鄄NC鄄MSN,转染RA鄄FLS,流式细胞术(FCM)鉴定转染率。采用荧光定量PCR、蛋白印迹技术检测转染48 h 后,干扰组和阴性对照组细胞PADI4 表达量,FCM 检测细胞凋亡率,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察PADI4鄄siRNA鄄MSN 胞内分布。所有数据采用配对t 检验进行分析。结果:MSN 经表征检测显示已成功制备并包被RhB、PEI,FCM 结果显示转染率为93.3% (si-944)和91.9%(si-1225)。si-NC 组中的PADI4 mRNA 水平为1.23±0.27;si-944、si-1225 干扰组中分别为0.35±0.12、0.44±0.12,均显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。蛋白印迹结果与PCR 结果一致。与si-NC 组细胞凋亡率(8.83±0.15)相比,si-944和si-1225 组细胞凋亡率(11.72±0.82,13.00±1.42)显著增加(P<0.05)。CLSM 结果显示PADI4鄄siRNA鄄MSN 分布于核周。结论:PADI4-siRNA鄄MSN 成功制备,并转染RA-FLS,有效沉默PADI4 基因,显著增加RA鄄FLS 的凋亡率。PADI4-siRNA-MSN 在抑制RA鄄FLS 增殖、促进凋亡中具有一定的应用前景。     

低氧环境中PADI4促进破骨细胞分化和骨吸收功能的研究

为探讨低氧环境中肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4(peptidyl arginine deiminase 4,PADI4)对破骨细胞分化和功能的影响,采用巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor, M-CSF)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, RANKL)诱导单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞RAW264.7向破骨细胞分化,采用PADI4抑制剂Cl-amidine和PADI4-siRNA-MSN抑制PADI4表达,采用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP)染色试验、TRAP活性试验和骨吸收试验鉴定破骨细胞的分化和功能,用qRT-PCR和Western blotting分别检测PADI4、TRAP基因及其蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,低氧-M-CSF+RANKL组TRAP和PADI4 mRNA相对表达水平较常氧-M-CSF+RANKL组显著升高(P0.05)。低氧-M-CSF+RANKL组的TRAP阳性细胞数[(7.33±1.37)个/HP]显著高于常氧-M-CSF+RANKL组[(3.33±1.63)个/HP,P0.01],低氧-M-CSF+RANKL组较常氧-M-CSF+RANKL组TRAP活性显著增加(P0.001)。低氧-M-CSF+RANKL组骨吸收陷窝数[(107.00±12.42)个/片]较常氧-M-CSF+RANKL组[(77.40±8.79)个/片]显著增加(P0.05)。在低氧环境下,与对照组比较,M-CSF+RANKL+Cl-amidine组和M-CSF+RANKL+siRNA组TRAP mRNA表达水平、TRAP蛋白表达水平、TRAP阳性细胞数、TRAP活性、骨吸收陷窝数均显著降低(P0.05)。该研究提示,在低氧环境中PADI4可能是促进巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化以及骨吸收的关键分子。     

Reg4在胃肠道肿瘤中的表达及意义

Reg4是再生基因家族（regenerating gene family）中的一员,定位于染色体1p12～13.1,表达一种由158个氨基酸组成的分泌性蛋白。Reg4蛋白主要表达于胃黏膜壁细胞和小肠上皮神经内分泌细胞,与胃肠道细胞的增殖分化有关。Reg4与人类胃肠道肿瘤的发生、演进、浸润、淋巴结转移、腹腔播散、5-氟脲嘧啶（5-FU）抗药性以及临床预后密切相关,为胃肠道肿瘤的临床诊断、用药指导及预后评估奠定了理论基础。     

URG4基因与肿瘤关系的研究进展

上调基因-4(up-regulated gene-4,URG4)位于人染色体7p13,是一个新的候选癌基因,其扩增和过表达可能引起细胞内的基因调控异常.URG4参与细胞生长、增殖、侵袭、转移等多种生物学功能,在肿瘤的形成及演进中起重要作用.该文就URG4基因与不同类型肿瘤关系的研究进展作一综述.     

PAD4在抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物促进中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网形成中的作用

目的探讨肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4(PAD4)在抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物诱导中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)形成中的作用。方法分离健康人外周血中性粒细胞与抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物(100μg/ml)共孵育一定时间,Western blot检测细胞PAD4表达;进一步采用PAD4抑制剂Cl-amidine(10μmol/L)预处理中性粒细胞,Western blot检测细胞瓜氨酸化组蛋白3(CitH3)蛋白质表达,ELISA检测细胞培养上清中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-DNA相对含量。下腔静脉狭窄法建立APS小鼠血栓模型,并通过腹腔注射Cl-amidine(50 mg/kg)进行干预,Western blot检测血浆中CitH3蛋白质表达,荧光染色法检测血浆中循环游离DNA(cf-DNA)浓度,取下腔静脉血栓称其重量,观察Cl-amidine能否抑制APS-IgG诱导的NETs和血栓形成。组间差异采用t检验或单因素方差分析。结果抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物能够显著下调细胞质中PAD4蛋白质表达水平[(3.67±0.32)vs(1.47±0.19),t=10.22,P<0.05],并使细胞核内PAD4蛋白质含量升高[(0.57±0.19)vs(2.97±0.31),t=11.49,P<0.05];Cl-amidine能显著抑制抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物诱导的中性粒细胞CitH3蛋白质表达[(2.46±0.47)vs(0.46±0.13),t=12.24,P<0.01],明显减少培养上清中MPO-DNA含量[(4.09±0.94)vs(2.80±0.57),t=4.23,P<0.05]。在体内试验中,Cl-amidine能显著抑制APS小鼠血浆中CitH3蛋白质表达[(3.97±0.56)vs(1.09±0.45),t=11.83,P<0.01],明显降低APS小鼠血浆中cf-DNA浓度[(2685.0±735.8)vs(1784.0±577.0),t=3.93,P<0.05];与对照组EAPS小鼠相比,经Cl-amidine预处理的APS小鼠血栓形成明显减小[(8.22±3.06)vs(4.89±1.90),t=2.27,P<0.05]。结论PAD4参与了抗β2GP1/β2GP1复合物诱导的NETs形成,其可能在APS血栓形成中发挥重要作用。     

DPC4基因与肿瘤

在胰腺癌中克隆了一个位于染色体 1 8q2 1 .1的新的DPC4抑癌基因。该基因由 2 680个碱基组成 ,含有 1 1个外显子 ,1 2个内含子。DPC4与TGF β在信号转导途径中是伙伴分子。TGF β活化后 ,通过DPC4与Smad的复合物发挥生物学作用。DPC4基因主要对胆、胰肿瘤的发生有重要影响 ,其突变“热点”是第 8,1 1外显子。     

云南人群中PTPN22和PADI4基因多态性与类风湿关节炎的关联研究

目的 探讨云南人群PTPN22和PADI4基因的7个SNP多态与类风湿关节炎易感性的相关性.方法 选取192例类风湿关节炎患者和288名正常人进行病例对照研究.分别用PCR-RFLP法检测PTPN22基因的rs33996649和1858位点、PADI4基因的rs11203366和rs874881位点,用焦磷酸测序法检测PADI4基因的rs1635579、rs2428736和rs2240340共7个SNP位点的基因型.结果 在7个SNP位点中,PADI4基因的rs2240340位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在病例组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在云南人群中PADI4基因的rs2240340多态性与类风湿关节炎的易感性存在相关性.     

血清抗肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4抗体检测在类风湿关节炎诊断中的意义

目的比较类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者血清中抗肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4(PADI4)抗体水平和其它风湿病组及正常对照组间的差异,以评估其在RA诊断中的价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测患者血清中抗PADI4抗体水平,并研究其与RA患者DAS28评分、抗CCP抗体、抗角蛋白抗体(anti-keratinantibody,AKA)、类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)等指标的相关性。结果RA患者血清中抗PADI4抗体阳性率为47%,明显高于其它风湿性疾病患者和健康对照组(P<0.05)。抗PADI4抗体对RA诊断的敏感性为43%,特异性为92%。相关性分析显示抗PADI4抗体水平与DAS28评分、抗CCP抗体无相关性(r=-0.025,P=0.82;r=-0.058,P=0.60)。RF阴性患者PADI4抗体阳性50%;AKA阴性的患者PADI4抗体阳性43%;抗CCP抗体阴性的患者抗PADI4抗体阳性60%。结论RA患者血清中抗PADI4抗体有较高的诊断价值,特别有助于RF、抗CCP...     

Neutrophil extracellular traps impair fungal clearance in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and contribute to the innate host defense by binding and killing bacterial and fungal pathogens. Because NET formation depends on histone hypercitrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), we used PAD4 gene deficient (Pad4^-/-) mice in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) to address the contribution of NETs to the innate host defense in vivo. After the induction (24 h) of IPA by i.t. infection with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, Pad4^-/- mice revealed lower fungal burden in the lungs, accompanied by less acute lung injury, TNFα and citH3 compared to wildtype controls. These findings suggest that release of NETs contributes to tissue damage and limits control of fungal outgrowth. Thus inhibition of NETosis might be a useful strategy to maintain neutrophil function and avoid lung damage in patients suffering from IPA, especially in those suffering from preexisting pulmonary disease.     

Peptidyl arginine deiminase: A novel immunohistochemical marker for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis

Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) is an enzyme known to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since many of the molecular events present in the joints in RA also take place in the injured liver, we postulated in this study that PAD may be involved in liver fibrosis. The objectives of this study therefore were to find out if PAD could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis and if it is associated with METAVIR activity and fibrosis scores.Liver biopsies were obtained from 100 patients with chronic liver diseases between September 2006 and 2007. The biopsies were scored by two histopathologists according to the METAVIR activity and fibrosis scores after histological preparation. Immunohistochemistry for PAD was performed on the biopsies using a monoclonal antibody against PAD. PAD could not be demonstrated in normal liver biopsies but was found in the hepatocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis. PAD labeling could distinguish patients with no fibrosis from either F1 or F2 or F3 or F4 fibrosis. Similarly, PAD labeling could separate patients with no inflammatory activity from those with mild or moderate or severe activity. We concluded that PAD could be demonstrated immunohistochemically in liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis and that its immunodetection was significantly associated with Metavir activity and fibrosis scores.     

Identification of 45 novel SNPs in the 83-kb region containing peptidylarginine deiminase types 1 and 3 loci on chromosomal band 1p36.13

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) are post-translational modification enzymes that catalyze the conversion of protein-bound arginine residues into citrulline residues in the presence of calcium ions. Among PADIs, PADI4 was identified as a rheumatoid arthritis-susceptibility gene (Suzuki et al. in Nat Genet 34:395, 2003). We identified a total of 87 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PADI1 and PADI3 gene loci. Following a comparison of our data with SNPs in the dbSNP database in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 SNPs are considered to be novel: 33 were identified in the PADI1 gene locus and 12 in the PADI3 gene locus. We also identified two insertion–deletion polymorphisms in introns of the PADI1. The high-resolution map that we constructed in this study will serve as a useful resource for analyzing gene scans of complex diseases mapped to this local segment on chromosomal band 1p36.13.     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网及其在相关疾病中的作用

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是由激活的中性粒细胞释放到胞外的一种网状结构,不但可以包裹病原体,也具有很强的细胞毒性,与多种疾病的发病及进展密切相关.随着近年来对其代谢过程和影响因素的研究逐渐深入,NETs有望成为多种疾病诊断和治疗的新靶点.     

酪氨酸激酶受体Tie2在不同肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨Tie2在不同肿瘤细胞中的表达及其意义。方法:用RT-PCR、Westernblot以及免疫组化方法检测了8种人肿瘤细胞株中Tie2在mRNA和蛋白水平上的表达。结果:Hela、SPCA1、7402和U2OS细胞中Tie2有不同程度的表达。结论:Tie2不仅在血管内皮细胞中表达,在一些肿瘤细胞中也有表达。Tie2可作为某些肿瘤的标志,有助于肿瘤的诊断并为肿瘤的治疗提供新的潜在靶点。     

Galectin-4 expression in carcinoid tumors

Galectins (Gal) are an evolutionarily conserved family of 15 carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) that are widely distributed in normal and neoplastic cells in a wide range of organisms. They have roles in inflammation, cell adhesion, tumor progression, and metastasis. The function and distribution of Gal-3 and Gal-1 are well characterized, but less information is available about Gal-4. Recent studies have localized Gal-4 in the enterochromaffin cells of the porcine and murine small intestine. We examined the expression of Gal-4 in primary and metastatic human ileal carcinoid tumors as well as in carcinoid tumors of the stomach, lung, and rectum. A total of 44 primary and 42 ileal metastatic carcinoid tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays (TMA) with monoclonal antibodies to Gal-4, Gal-3, and Gal-1. Pulmonary (n=7), rectal (n=6), and gastric (n=6) carcinoids were examined with larger tissue sections. A total of 18 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were also examined with larger tissue sections. Western blots of three ileal carcinoids were also done. Gal-4 was most highly expressed in the ileal carcinoids and the levels of expression tended to be higher in primary ileal carcinoids compared to the metastatic tumors (p=0.069). All 18 pancreat neuroendocrine tumors were negative for Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-4. Western blot showed a 32 kDa band for Gal-4 in the ileal carcinoids. Gal-3 and Gal-1 were not detected in the metastatic ileal carcinoids by Western blotting. Gastric carcinoids also expressed Gal-4, but very few pulmonary or rectal carcinoids were positive for Gal-4 (p=0.002). Lower levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 expression were present in ileal carcinoids compared to primary pulmonary and rectal tumors. These results show a differential distribution of Gal-4 in carcinoid tumors in different locations of the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs.     

血小板因子4基因转染对肺癌细胞中血管生成因子基因表达的影响

目的：进一步探讨人血小板因子4（hPF4）抑制血管生成的作用机制,方法：构建含全长hPF4cDNA重组真核表达载体pcDNA3-hPF4,北朝鲜其转染到有肺巨细胞癌细胞系PLA801D细胞内,应用RT-PCR及免疫组化法观察肿瘤细胞自分泌的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)、白细胞介素8（IL-8）等的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化,结果：导入pcDNA3-hPF4,PLA801D细胞能稳定表达hPF4mRNA,其VEGF、bFGF、IL-8的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显降低,hPF4可直接调控VEGF、bFGF、IL-8等基因转录,影响其蛋白质生物合成,结论：提示hPF4可直接下调肿瘤细胞自分泌的VEGF、bFGF及IL-8等血管生成因子基因转录,抑制肿瘤细胞释放肿瘤血管生成因子,是hPF4抗血管生成抑制肿瘤细胞生长的机制之一。