江西省抑郁症患病率的流行病学调查

目的 调查江西省抑郁症的患病率。方法 资料来自江西省11个地市的样本，年龄≥15岁的城区和农村常住居民，共15939人。使用复合性国际诊断交谈检查和专门设计的社会人口学调查表，采用国际疾病分类第10版精神与行为障碍分类中的诊断标准。结果 (1)11个地市抑郁症时点患病率为0．95％，总患病率为1．15％[95％的可信区间(CI)=0．91-1．49]。其中抑郁发作的时点患病率为0．35％，总患病率为0．51％；恶劣心境的时点患病率为0．60％，总患病率为0．65％。(2)年龄45—54岁[相对危险度(RR)=2．09]、女性(RR=1．91)、离婚或丧偶(RR=2．09)、文盲(RR=2．43)或低收入(RR=2．73)与抑郁症明显相关，而有无固定的职业、地区的不同、经济区域的不同对抑郁症的总患病率没有明显的关联。女性患抑郁症的相对危险度是男性的1．91倍。结论 抑郁症是一种患病率较高的精神障碍。年龄45—54岁、女性、离婚或丧偶、文盲或低收入，与抑郁症明显相关。     

河北省2004-2005年抑郁症的现况调查

目的 了解河北省抑郁症的患病率、抑郁症患者的人口学特征及社会生活功能状况。方法 采用随机抽样方法对河北省≥18岁人群进行调查，共24000人。以改编的一般健康问卷12项（GHQ-12）为筛选工具，以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版为诊断工具。采用功能大体评定量表（GAF）评价功能状况。结果 （1）抑郁症时点患病率为27．01％o[399例；95％可信区间（CI）=24．80％0～29．22％0]，终生患病率为47．47‰（608例；95％CI=44．58％0～50．37％0）。（2）时点患病率：城市[20．98％o（40例）]低于农村[27．88％0（359例）；u=4．02；P〈0．01]；女性[31．53％0（248例）]高于男性[22．48％0（151例）；u=2．05；P〈0．05]。1〉40岁者患病率高（30．51％～44．19％）。（3）Logistic回归分析：危险因素有女性、年龄40～70岁、农民、无业和失业、学生和家庭妇女、年家庭总收入0～5000元等。（4）反复发作抑郁症占29．11％；严重程度以中度（39．6％）和重度（53．9％）多见，社会和生活功能受损明显[GAF评分为（58．95±14．86）分]。结论 河北省抑郁症的患病率较高，严重影响患者社会生活功能。     

上海地区老年抑郁症的流行病学调查

用老年抑郁量表(GDS)及DSM—Ⅲ—R诊断标准调查2235名老人中的重性抑郁症。发现34例重性抑郁症,占调查人口1.56‰,占老年人口15.1‰,其中女性患病率比男性高。随着年龄的增加,老年抑郁症的患病率也相应增高。发病率最高为1986年(2.42‰),最低1988年(1.5‰),城市组高于农村组。在发病诱因,精神症状,病程、治疗等方面,进行城市组与农村组的对比,另外,结合资料讨论了老年抑郁症的预防问题。     

保定市抑郁症的流行病学调查

目的:了解保定市抑郁症的患病率和分布特点。方法:2004年10月至2005年3月,采用美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行抑郁症的诊断。结果:9021人完成了调查,抑郁症的终生患病率为6.05%,时点患病率为4.52%。Logistic回归分析显示:女性、年龄、受教育年限及家庭年收入等因素影响抑郁症的患病;抑郁症的精神科就诊率为1.82%。结论:抑郁症是保定市常见的精神障碍,女性、农村及中老年患病率高,抑郁症患者的精神服务利用率低。     

北京市抑郁症的患病率调查

目的掌握北京市常住人口中抑郁症的患病率及其特征。方法以复合性国际诊断交谈检查核心本1．0版为主要调查工具，按多阶段分层系统随机抽样原则，对北京市18个区县≥15岁人口5926人进行抑郁症的现况调查。结果（1）时点患病率为3．31％（196例），终生患病率为6．87％（407例）。（2）时点和终生患病率中，均为女性（分别为4．40％和8．46％）高于男性（2．45％和5．01％），年龄≥55岁者高，农村（4．19％和7．98％）高于城市（2．50％和6．07％），文盲（6．02％和10．87％）和小学文化程度者（5．42％和10．64％）高，再婚（9．52％和28．57％）、离婚（6．15％和13．85％）和丧偶者（5．43％和11．27％）高，不在业者（3．96％和7．95％）、月收入≤300元者（5．52％和9．13％）及有家庭暴力者（6．51％和15．38％）高，均P〈0．01～0．05。结论抑郁症是一种患病率较高的常见精神障碍，预防控制抑郁症应成为我国医疗卫生工作的重点之一。     

海南省儋州市老年抑郁症的流行病学调查

目的：了解儋州市老年抑郁症的流行病学情况。方法：用流行病学调查抑郁量表及DSM-3-R诊断标准，对海南省儋州市老年人中的抑郁症患进行调查。结果：老年抑郁症患病率为1.28％，其中女性患病率比男性高，居民患病率高于农民，有躯体疾病组高于健康组。结论：女性、居民、有躯体疾病组是预防老年抑郁症的重点人群。     

中山市海洛因滥用流行病学调查

目的：了解广东省中山市城乡居民海洛因滥用的流行病学情况。方法：采用1982年和1993年两次全国精神疾病流行学调查使用的方法。结果：海洛因滥用总患病率为9．9％。结论：中山市城乡居民海洛因滥用在国内处于较高水平。     

无锡市神经症流行病学调查

目的:了解无锡市神经症的患病率及人口学特点.方法:采用1993年中国7地区精神疾病流行学调查方法,于2003年在无锡市进行神经症流行病学调查.结果:在城乡15～59岁的1928人中,神经症患病率为38.38‰,其中以抑郁性神经症患病率最高(20.75‰),其余按患病率高低依次为焦虑症(8.30‰)、神经衰弱(4.67‰)、疑病症(2.59‰)、癔症(1.04‰)和强迫症(1.04‰).患病率与性别、经济状况、职业等因素有关.结论:神经症是一类十分常见的精神疾病,患病率呈上升趋势,应列为社区精神卫生保健工作的重点疾病.     

上饶市精神疾病流行病学调查

目的　了解上饶市精神疾病流行病学情况。方法　采用初级单位含量比例分层、整群、随机的抽样方法 ,以ICD 10、CCMD 3为诊断标准 ,以《复合性国际诊断检查》(CIDI)为筛查和诊断工具 ,以社会功能缺陷筛选量表 (SDSS)、成人智残评定量表、儿童韦氏智力量表 (C WISC)、克来顿修定行为量表(CRBRS)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)、Hachinski缺血指数量表 (HIS)及我国残疾定义和分级标准为评定工具。结果　各类精神疾病时点患病率为 2 5 2 5‰ ,终生患病率为 31 6 6‰ ,排前三位的为精神分裂症、酒依赖、心境障碍。残疾率为 13 19‰。结论　精神分裂症仍然是防治和研究的重点疾病 ,酒依赖、心境障碍的患病率升高     

社区老年神经症流行病学调查

目的：了解社区老年人中各类神经症的患病率。方法：应用标准化工具,采用分层整群抽样以及两阶段法,对上海市某神区年满６０岁以下老年人群开展神经症流行病学调查。结果：社区中老年神经症患病率为６．０４％（男性３．７２％,女性８．０１％）,各亚型分别为：抑郁性神经症２．５０％（男１．９５％,女２．９７％）,焦虑症１．９０％（男０．６５％,女２．９７％）;神经衰弱０．８４％（男０．６５％,女１．０１％）;躯体     

Epidemiological survey of multiple sclerosis in Catania city

The findings of an epidemiological survey of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the urban area of Catania reveal a new and in some respects original pattern of MS cases recorded on 31 December 1989 (prevalence day).They explain why special attention should be paid to patients residing in that area, which shows a remarkable upward trend of the MS prevalence rates calling for further study and for more targeted intervention in the fields of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

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Sommario Vengono riportati i dati riguardanti un'indagine epidemiologica sulla Sclerosi Multipla (SM) nell'area urbana di Catania.Essi mettono in evidenza una nuova e per molti versi originale tipologia dei casi di SM registrati al 31 dicembre 1989 (giorno di prevalenza) e rendono ragione della particolare attenzione da riservare ai pazienti residenti in tale area geografica ove, in più, si riscontra una rimarchevole tendenza all'incremento degli indici di prevalenza della malattia abbisognevole di ulteriori studi e di più mirati interventi preventivi, terapeutici e riabilitativi.

     

湖南省岳阳市癫痫流行病学调查

目的了解湖南岳阳癫痫患病率及治疗缺口,为开展防治工作提供依据。方法采用多级整群随机抽样方法确定调查人群,运用WHO建议的癫痫流行病学专项调查问卷,采用国际统一的癫痫诊断标准,由经过统一培训的调查员入户调查,调查确诊或可疑为癫痫者均经神经科医师再次访查确诊。结果共调查32059人,确诊癫痫患者143例,癫痫患病率为4.5‰。男性患病率高于女性(P<0.05)。年龄组患病率分布存在20岁年龄组(8.4‰)和60岁年龄组(5.4‰)两个高峰。农村患病率明显高于城市(P<0.05)。继发全面性强直-阵挛发作占大多数(63.4%)。活动性癫痫的治疗缺口93.4%。结论湖南岳阳癫痫患病率农村地区较高、城市较低,患者中约有90%以上没有得到正确的治疗,应尽快制定合理的干预对策。     

福建省重性抑郁障碍流行病学调查

目的:了解福建省重性抑郁障碍患病率,探讨可能的影响因素.方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取10 000名≥15岁的个体为调查对象,以改编后的一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12)为筛选工具;以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版轴I障碍定式临床检查患者版(SCID-I/P)为调查的诊断工具.结果:福建省重性抑郁障碍时点...     

安徽淮北矿区职工精神疾病流行病学调查

目的：了解安徽淮北市矿区职工各类精神障碍的患病率。方法：采用精神疾病流调手册推荐的方法和流程,于2009年9月1日至12月31日对淮北市矿区职工进行精神疾病流行病学调查。结果：通过多级分层整群概率比例,随机抽样2830人完成调查,患有精神疾病177例（其中神经症88例）,精神疾病患病率为62．54‰;若不含神经症,患病率为31．45‰,与1993年全国7个地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果相比明显升高。结论：淮北矿区职工精神疾病患病率较高,各类精神疾病患病率以神经症和酒依赖居前两位。矿区职工精神卫生防治工作亟待加强。     

Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the national comorbidity survey

Data on the prevalences, comorbidities, and cohort effects of DSM-III-R major depression (MD) and minor depression (mD) are reported for the nationally representative sample of n = 1,769 adolescents and young adults who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey. Lifetime prevalences are 15.3% (MD) and 9.9% (mD), while 30-day prevalences are 5.8% (MD) and 2.1% (mD). Most cases reported recurrent episodes (73.9% of those with MD and 69.2% with mD) and significant role impairment, including attempted suicide among 21.9% of those with MD. The majority of lifetime cases (76.7% of those with MD and 69.3% with mD) reported other comorbid lifetime NCS/DSM-III-R disorders. Depression was temporally secondary in the majority of these cases. Number of prior disorders was more important than type of disorders in predicting subsequent depression, raising the possibility that secondary depression is a nonspecific severity marker for earlier disorders. A cohort effect for both MD and mD was documented that persisted even for episodes lasting a year or longer. Increasing prevalences of prior comorbid disorders were found to play an important part in explaining the cohort effect for depression. Depression and Anxiety 7:3–14, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Screening for postnatal depression in a population-based Swedish sample

This study surveyed the prevalence of postnatal depression and demographic factors associated with it in a Swedish population. A community sample of 1584 women was screened at 8 and 12 weeks postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The point prevalence of depression, using a threshold of 11/12 on the EPDS, was 12.5% at 8 weeks and 8.3% at 12 weeks postpartum. The period prevalence for 8 to 12 weeks postpartum was 4.5%. A significantly increased risk of postnatal depression was found for single women. Parity, maternal age and occupational status were not found to be related to postnatal depression. The findings suggest that screening for postnatal depression is feasible at the time of postnatal checks on the baby, and that it can aid in the identification of women at risk for depression. A two-stage screening procedure will identify women at risk for more persistent postnatal depression.     

A population‐based family study of minor depression

Background: There is a paucity of research on whether minor depression is a familial disorder. Methods: We conducted a population‐based family study of minor depression in which subjects were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Minor depression only (MDO) was diagnosed if there was a lifetime history of what the DIS refers to as a depressive “spell” and no lifetime history of either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, major depression or dysthymia. There were 71 probands with a lifetime history of MDO; 577 controls with no lifetime history of MDO, major depression, or dysthymia; and 1,539 first‐degree relatives (FDRs). Logistic regression was performed with the presence/absence of MDO in a proband/control as the “exposure” and MDO in an FDR as the “outcome”. Results: The odds ratio for the association between MDO in a proband and MDO in an FDR, after adjusting for age and sex of the FDR, was 1.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–2.58; P=.093). The study had 80% power to detect an odds ratio as small as 1.97, which is in the range of odds ratios seen for the familial aggregation of major depression. Conclusions: MDO does not appear to be a familial disorder, raising questions about the validity of “minor depression” as a distinct psychiatric syndrome. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The prevalence of depression in two districts of Uganda

AbstractBackground Little information is available on the prevalence of depression in Uganda. Given the recent political history of Uganda, depression may be common.Method The aim was to estimate the point prevalence of probable clinical depressive disorder among the general population in two contrasting districts of Uganda. Translated versions (in Madi and Lusoga) of the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to a systematic sample of adult residents in the Adjumani and Bugiri districts of Uganda.Results The overall prevalence of probably clinically significant depression (BDI score of 20–39) was 17.4%. Significantly higher rates were found in women and in Adjumani District.Conclusion Depression is common in Uganda and particularly in the more troubled and less socially cohesive district of Adjumani.     

上海农村地区癫痫流行病学抽样调查

目的了解上海农村地区癫癎患病率和治疗缺口,为开展癫癎治疗和管理工作提供依据.方法以二阶段整群抽样法抽取金山区吕巷镇的5个村作为调查点,实际调查10 777人.癫癎病例经初筛及神经科医生复查后确诊.结果确诊癫癎为65例,终生患病率6.03‰(95%CI5.58‰～6.48‰).活动性癫癎为41例,患病率为3.80‰(95%CI2.64‰～4.96‰).活动性癫癎的治疗缺口为70.73%(95%CI56.80%～84.66%).癫癎患者平均年龄为(44.66±18.73)岁,首次发病的平均年龄为(26.28±18.71)岁,首发年龄在30岁之前的患者占61.54%.癫癎的发作类型以全身强直-阵挛性发作为主,占58.46%.结论农村地区癫癎患病率高于以往的调查结果,应重视对农村儿童和青年期癫癎的治疗和管理.